丝氨酸配基PVDF亲和膜脱除人血浆中内毒素的研究

以L-丝氨酸(Ser)为配基,1,6-己二胺为间隔臂,制备了一种新型PVDF中空纤维亲和膜用于人血浆中内毒素的脱除.通过FTIR、XPS对PVDF中空纤维膜,亲水化改性膜以及亲和膜的结构进行了表征;探讨了离子强度、pH值对亲和膜吸附内毒素能力的影响以及内毒素分子在亲和膜上的吸附动力学.实验考察了自制的亲和膜组件用于人血浆中内毒素的脱除效果.结果表明,亲和膜对内毒素的吸附能力为0.058 EU/cm2;自制的亲和膜组件对内毒素含量为0.42 EU/mL的人血浆样品清除率为43.8%;亲和膜对人血浆样品的其它生化指标的影响不大.     

聚吡咯/环糊精准聚轮烷分子导线材料的合成

在掺杂了α-环糊精或β-环糊精的情况下,对吡咯单体进行氧化聚合,制备了聚吡咯/环糊精准聚轮烷结构材料。通过傅里叶转换红外光谱、广角X射线衍射、元素分析、扫描电镜、电导率测试和循环伏安曲线等手段,表征了聚吡咯/环糊精准聚轮烷的微观结构与微观形态,研究了其导电性能。结果表明,准聚轮烷中吡咯单元和α-CD、β-CD分子的比值分别约为5∶1和24∶1。与聚吡咯相比,准聚轮烷的电导率明显降低,氧化还原的可逆性也有所降低。这类材料在分子导线领域具有广阔的应用前景。     

聚酰亚胺渗透汽化膜的研究(Ⅲ)水蒸气小分子在PI膜中的传质行为

以2种二酐、2种二胺为单体,制备了4种不同结构的聚酰亚胺(PI)均质膜;用建立的动态吸附／脱附实验装置测定水蒸气在PI膜中的吸附／脱附行为;考察了不同结构的PI膜对水蒸气吸附／脱附的影响;计算了反常扩散指数;研究了温度对水蒸气在聚酰亚胺膜(PI)中扩散系数的影响．分析了扩散系数与温度和聚合物重复单元的摩尔自由体积之间的关系．研究结果表明:水蒸气小分子在PI膜中的扩散系数随着温度增加而增加,随着聚合物重复单元摩尔自由体积的增加,扩散系数也呈上升的趋势．     

尼龙亲和膜的制备条件优化及其表征

尼龙膜经稀盐酸水解、壳聚糖改性后,以木瓜蛋白酶为亲和膜的配基,通过戊二醛的活化处理后采用共价结合的方法将配基键合在尼龙膜上,从而得到有特异吸附性能的尼龙亲和膜.本实验考察了制备尼龙亲和膜的交联剂戊二醛的质量分数、pH值、温度、反应时间和酶用量对亲和膜上木瓜蛋白酶活力的影响,确定了最适合的制备条件:pH=9.0,质量分数为0.5%的戊二醛,反应温度为45℃,反应时间为6 h,酶用量为10 mg/mL.该优化条件下制备的尼龙亲和膜具备优良的色谱性能,可用于分离纯化半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂.     

含大环化合物新型亲和膜的制备和吸附性能研究

以聚醚砜(PES)、乙烯乙烯醇共聚物(EVAL)为基膜,采用环糊精大环化合物为功能体,利用功能体上丰富的活性基团将活性染料配基偶联到基膜,制得了含大环化合物的新型亲和膜.系统考察了环糊精浓度、pH值、离子强度、BSA原液初始浓度和吸附时间等因素对膜吸附性能的影响,结果表明:在环糊精浓度为10%、pH=5.0、离子强度为0、原液浓度为1.0g/L以及吸附时间为4h的条件下,亲和膜的吸附容量最大,达57.7mg/g;环糊精以其特殊的空腔结构和外部亲水、内部疏水的特殊性质,对蛋白质等生物大分子的吸附有一定的"诱导"和包合作用,环糊精大环化合物的存在,有利于膜吸附性能的提高;在一定范围内,随着环糊精浓度的增加,膜吸附性能提高.     

聚天冬氨酸/木质纤维素水凝胶对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附及脱附性能

以聚天冬氨酸(PASP)与木质纤维素(LNC)水溶液聚合法制备出的聚天冬氨酸/木质纤维素水凝胶(PASP/LNC)为吸附剂,对Pb(Ⅱ)进行吸附及脱附实验,研究溶液的初始离子浓度、pH值、吸附时间和吸附温度对溶液中Pb(Ⅱ)吸附量的影响。结果表明,溶液中Pb(Ⅱ)初始离子浓度为0.04 mol/L,溶液pH值为5.5,吸附时间为120 min,吸附温度为30℃时,PASP/LNC水凝胶对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附量达到最大为972.35 mg/g。吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型,吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型。采用X射线衍射分析、比表面积和平均孔径分析、扫描电镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱分析PASP/LNC水凝胶的结构和吸附机理。使用HNO_3对PASP/LNC进行脱附实验。结果表明,HNO_3浓度为0.04 mol/L,脱附温度为30℃,脱附时间达到60 min时,最大脱附量为928.36 mg/g。吸附/脱附循环实验表明,PASP/LNC水凝胶重复使用4次后吸附量仍较高,是一种可重复使用的高效吸附材料。     

聚乙烯醇和聚丙烯酸钠复合纳米纤维膜吸湿材料研究

本文通过纳米纺丝法制备了一类新型聚乙烯醇(PVA)与聚丙烯酸钠(PAAS)的复合纳米纤维膜吸湿材料(NFMs),并对该类材料进行性能测试和吸附模型验证,与通过溶液蒸发法制备的普通膜(SCMs)进行性能对比。结果表明:在25℃、相对湿度为80%下,PAAS质量分数为20%的PVA-PAAS复合纳米纤维膜最大吸附量为0.3 kg/kg,相比纯PVA纳米纤维膜吸附剂提高78%。在复合纳米纤维膜中,约90%的水蒸气吸附在5 min内完成,仅需15 min就能达到最大平衡吸附量。PVA-PAAS纳米纤维膜具有较快的脱附速率,在15 min内达到最大脱附量平衡点,是PVA-PAAS普通膜达到平衡所需时间的1/200。当再生空气状态为45℃、4 MPa和50℃、6 MPa时,吸附的水蒸气量脱除比率均高于80%。由此可见,PVA-PAAS纳米纤维膜能够在低温条件下较好地实现再生,可以利用太阳能等低品位能源。10次循环后,纳米纤维膜的吸附与脱附量、吸附与脱附速率均未发生变化,具有较好的稳定性。     

新型亲和膜的制备及其吸附胆红素的性能研究

以尼龙膜为基膜,采用甲醛活化法偶联壳聚糖制备尼龙-壳聚糖复合膜;再用1,4-二羟基正丁烷双缩水甘油醚对其进行活化并固载聚赖氨酸作为配基,制备亲和膜。膜上壳聚糖和聚赖氨酸的含量分别为112.4和92.3mg/g尼龙膜。通过静态和动态实验测定了胆红素在膜上的吸附性能,结果表明,胆红素在膜上的吸附平衡符合Freundlich方程;在较高的温度、较低的离子强度下胆红素的去除效果较好;在动态操作条件下容易达到吸附平衡,并对结合胆红素具有较好的清除效果。     

蔗渣活性炭二次活化制备及其吸附CO2性能研究

以蔗渣为原料, 以ZnCl₂为活化剂制备出活性炭AC, 并用KOH对活性炭AC进行二次活化制备活性炭KAC。用热重法测定材料的CO₂吸附脱附性能, 傅里叶红外光谱、氮气物理吸附-脱附和扫描电镜对样品进行表征。结果表明：KAC具有优异的CO₂吸附性能, 在60℃下其对CO₂吸附量可达3.45 mmol/g, 而AC的CO₂吸附量仅有1.79 mmol/g。KAC的CO₂吸附能力明显优于AC。循环吸附脱附的结果表明, 经过5次吸附-脱附, 材料的吸附量无显著变化, 表明材料具有良好的再生性能。傅里叶红外分析结果表明两种活性炭材料的特征峰基本一致, 活性炭表面官能团中羟基和羧基可以使活性炭表面的极性增大。氮气物理吸附-脱附和扫描电镜结果表明材料都具有发达的孔径结构, 但KAC的孔径结构比AC更发达, 因此其对CO₂的吸附能力也更强。     

D-萘普生温敏分子印迹凝胶的制备及吸附性能研究

采用热聚合方法,以D-萘普生(D-Npx)为模板分子,N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAAm)为功能单体,N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBAA)和二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯(EGDMA)分别为交联剂,制备了一种温敏D-Npx分子印迹凝胶(MIH),研究了凝胶的温敏性以及交联剂的种类和浓度对凝胶结构和分离性能等的影响。研究结果表明,随着MBAA含量的增加,MIH的平衡溶胀率降低,且MIH对D-Npx的吸附和脱附量先增加后逐渐减少;随EGDMA含量的增加,MIH对D-Npx的吸附和脱附量逐渐增大。MIH具有明显的温敏性,MBAA含 量 对 凝 胶 的 最 低 临 界 溶 解 温 度(LCST)几乎没有影响,凝胶表现出较好的溶胀-退胀性,脱附率可达90%以上。     

凝固科学技术与材料

从凝固科学与实践发展的角度介绍了当前凝固材料体系的基本框架和凝固科学主要发展阶段的基本理论。作为材料科学与工程的基本组成，凝固科学技术正在现代科学理论的基础上针对传统材料的改性提高和新材料的发展需求，以控形、控构、控性为目标开展优质铸件的定向、晶体生长、快凝、深过冷及各种新型和超常领域凝固过程的研究，并介绍了其中某些方面和展望了可能的发展趋势。     

Development and challenges of planning and scheduling for petroleum and petrochemical production

Production planning and scheduling are becoming the core of production management, which support the decision of a petrochemical company. The optimization of production planning and scheduling is attempted by every refinery because it gains additional profit and stabilizes the daily production. The optimization problem considered in industry and academic research is of different levels of realism and complexity, thus increasing the gap. Operation research with mathematical programming is a conventional approach used to address the planning and scheduling problem. Additionally, modeling the processes, objectives, and constraints and developing the optimization algorithms are significant for industry and research. This paper introduces the perspective of production planning and scheduling from the development viewpoint.     

江澳两地高校文创设计的协同研究与商业实践

目的 探索江门世遗文化的传承、发展和转化的新思路,践行国家在《粤港澳大湾区发展规划》纲要中要求江门承担与港澳地区文化创意合作与开发任务的分工。方法 与澳门高校紧密合作,开展专业培训课程,以开平碉楼为例,从人文视角开展设计研究,梳理开平碉楼的文化脉络,把世遗文化的元素和其背后的文化融入文创产品中,提升文创产品的附加值,推动当地文创产业结构的变革。结果 两地高校构建了稳定的科研团队,开设长期有效的设计培训课程,与景区建立了研究协作关系,帮助景区构建了一套产销研的商业模式。结论 以跨区域高校合作为平台,以文创产品为抓手,依托江澳两地的资源优势,可以构建江门世遗文化全新的品牌形象,最终推动开平世遗文化的活化。     

Error and uncertainty in modeling and simulation

This article develops a general framework for identifying error and uncertainty in computational simulations that deal with the numerical solution of a set of partial differential equations (PDEs). A comprehensive, new view of the general phases of modeling and simulation is proposed, consisting of the following phases: conceptual modeling of the physical system, mathematical modeling of the conceptual model, discretization and algorithm selection for the mathematical model, computer programming of the discrete model, numerical solution of the computer program model, and representation of the numerical solution. Our view incorporates the modeling and simulation phases that are recognized in the systems engineering and operations research communities, but it adds phases that are specific to the numerical solution of PDEs. In each of these phases, general sources of uncertainty, both aleatory and epistemic, and error are identified. Our general framework is applicable to any numerical discretization procedure for solving ODEs or PDEs. To demonstrate this framework, we describe a system-level example: the flight of an unguided, rocket-boosted, aircraft-launched missile. This example is discussed in detail at each of the six phases of modeling and simulation. Two alternative models of the flight dynamics are considered, along with aleatory uncertainty of the initial mass of the missile and epistemic uncertainty in the thrust of the rocket motor. We also investigate the interaction of modeling uncertainties and numerical integration error in the solution of the ordinary differential equations for the flight dynamics.     

Density and viscosity of tetralin and trans-decalin

New measurements are reported for the density and viscosity of tetralin and trans-decalin. The density was determined from room temperature to 60°C for tetralin and to 95°C for trans-decalin. The kinematic viscosity was measured up to temperatures slightly above 100°C. Our results improve upon the values recommended by the American Petroleum Institute for these liquids.     

The Candela and Photometric and Radiometric Measurements

The national measurement system for photometric and radiometric quantities is presently based upon techniques that make these quantities traceable to a high-accuracy cryogenic radiometer. The redefinition of the candela in 1979 provided the opportunity for national measurement laboratories to base their photometric measurements on optical detector technology rather than on the emission from high-temperature blackbody optical sources. The ensuing technical developments of the past 20 years, including the significant improvements in cryogenic radiometer performance, have provided the opportunity to place the fundamental maintenance of photometric quantities upon absolute detector based technology as was allowed by the 1979 redefinition. Additionally, the development of improved photodetectors has had a significant impact on the methodology in most of the radiometric measurement areas. This paper will review the status of the NIST implementation of the technical changes mandated by the 1979 redefinition of the candela and its effect upon the maintenance and dissemination of optical radiation measurements.     

Creation and motion of dislocations and fracture in metal and silicon crystals

By making a step on one surface ( ) of a rectangular small paralellepiped copper crystal, dislocations could be created by the molecular dynamic method. The dislocation created was not a complete edge dislocation but a pair of Heidenreich-Shockley partial dislocations. Each time a dislocation was created, the stress on the surface was released. Small copper crystals having a notch were pulled (until fracture), compressed and buckled by use of the molecular dynamic method. An embedded atom potential was used to represent the interaction between atoms. Dislocations were created near the tip of the notch. A very sharp yield stress was observed. The results of high speed deformations of pure silicon small crystals using the molecular dynamics are presented. The results suggest that plastic deformation may be possible for the silicon with a high speed deformation even at room temperature. Another small size single crystal, the same size and the same surfaces, was compressed using molecular dynamic method. The surfaces are {110}, {112} and {111}. The compressed direction was [111]. It was found that silicon crystals are possible to be compressed with a high speed deformation. This may suggest that silicon may be plastically deformed with high speed deformation.     

SMC／BMC的回收与再利用

SMC／BMC废弃物对工业及环境造成了很大影响，指出了SMC／BMC回收再利用的紧迫性。通过对目前国际上SMC／BMC回收再利用的3种典型途径优缺点的对比，参照国外SMC／BMC回收再利用的先进方法，对我国SMC／BMC回收再利用提供了可行的建议．