压力容器焊缝咬边疲劳裂纹的启裂寿命

针对某企业空气球罐焊缝咬边在压力波动时的受力情况,首先建立带咬边结构的受力模型,利用西田正孝的图表方法和有限元法分别计算咬边引起的弹性应力集中系数,然后计算出咬边尖端的名义应力,进而利用小缺口启裂寿命经验估算式估算咬边的疲劳裂纹启裂寿命。再采用与实物等厚度、与真实咬边等尺寸的模拟试样,进行与实际结构等应力范围条件下的模拟疲劳试验。结果表明,试验寿命与根据经验估算式得到的估算寿命非常接近,从而为咬边疲劳裂纹启裂寿命研究提供了理论依据和试验数据。在考虑一定的安全系数后,对所分析的球罐给出的剩余总寿命为9年,至启裂的剩余寿命为6年。     

低碳低合金钢的变幅疲劳寿命估算

分别用15MnVN钢旋转弯曲试样和经过锤击后的16Mn钢对焊接头，试验研究了带存活率的变幅疲劳寿命估算方法。结果表明，在同一应力水平下，所用试样的常幅疲劳寿命服从对数正态分布。本文首先给出了以当量应力幅表示的疲劳寿命表达式，以及带存活率的疲劳寿命表达式，并进一步给出了带存活率的变幅疲劳寿命估算方法和估算结果。最后通过变幅疲劳寿命试验结果进行了验证，表明本文的估算结果是精确的。     

反旋转弯曲载荷下V型切口棒料的疲劳寿命估算方法

针对应力下料的实际要求,介绍反旋转拉弯复合应力加载模型。提出带缺口棒料的疲劳寿命由始裂寿命和裂纹扩展寿命两部分组成的思想。在考虑V型切口棒料几何参数及材料拉伸性能影响基础上,给出裂纹起始寿命估算公式。通过分析裂纹扩展过程中应力比的变化规律,提出当量应力比概念,结合Walker公式得到反旋转弯曲载荷下带缺口棒料疲劳寿命估算公式。结合具体案例计算棒料疲劳寿命,与已有的反旋转应力下料方式实验结果对比,表明该估算公式预测结果精度高,具有较好的应用价值。     

基于晶体塑性理论的GH4169合金缺口效应研究

基于晶体塑性本构模型,通过生成宏观试样的代表性体积单元,对单轴拉伸和疲劳试验数据进行拟合以获得满足模拟条件的相关参数,并分析了网格尺寸对模拟结果的影响;采用累积塑性滑移和能量耗散作为指示因子进行疲劳裂纹萌生寿命预测,研究缺口尺寸对疲劳裂纹萌生寿命的影响.结果表明:采用所建立的模型获得的含缺口试样的疲劳裂纹萌生寿命在试验获得的疲劳裂纹萌生寿命2倍误差带内,模型具有较好的预测精度;当缺口尺寸较小时,随着缺口尺寸的增加,试样疲劳裂纹萌生寿命显著降低,当缺口尺寸大于临界缺口尺寸时,试样疲劳裂纹萌生寿命几乎不受缺口尺寸影响.     

基于最弱环理论的缺口件概率疲劳寿命预测方法

基于最弱环理论和光滑试样疲劳寿命的Weibull分布,建立了一种缺口件概率疲劳寿命预测方法。该方法首先基于最弱环理论和光滑试样的疲劳强度分布,通过定义缺口件的Weibull有效应力,建立了缺口件在给定循环载荷下的疲劳失效概率计算公式。基于Weibull有效应力和光滑试样的疲劳应力-特征寿命方程,可计算得到给定循环载荷时缺口件的特征疲劳寿命,进一步根据光滑试样的Weibull疲劳寿命分布可最终获得缺口件在给定循环载荷下的疲劳寿命分布。采用上述方法对TC4缺口试样进行了概率疲劳寿命预测,并与局部应力应变法预测结果进行了对比。结果表明:局部应力应变法预测结果过于保守,本文方法预测精度较高,50%失效概率时的疲劳寿命预测结果与缺口试样试验均值寿命吻合很好,10%和90%失效概率时的疲劳寿命预测结果基本分布在试验均值寿命的两倍分散带之内。     

16MnR钢在不同应力比下的疲劳裂纹扩展的试验研究及模拟

采用3.8 mm厚带有圆形缺口的CT试样,研究了16MnR钢在不同应力比的恒幅循环载荷作用下的疲劳裂纹扩展。开发了一种基于疲劳损伤的方法来模拟疲劳裂纹扩展速率。将16MnR钢的循环塑性本构模型通过用户材料子程序UMAT嵌入到ABAQUS中。把有限元计算得到的疲劳裂纹尖端附近区域的弹塑性循环应力应变结果,代入到疲劳损伤模型中,得到每个加载循环在裂尖各点产生的疲劳损伤值。通过疲劳损伤准则,导出疲劳裂纹稳定扩展速率的计算公式。疲劳裂纹扩展试验验证了模拟结果。实验结果和模拟结果都表明,该试样厚度下,应力比对裂纹扩展速率几乎没有影响。     

疲劳缺口系数Kf和随机疲劳寿命估算

基于局部应力-应变实验分析和随机疲劳试验，就国内外文献中关于确定疲劳缺口系数Kf的方法和近似计算公式进行了研究，并结合修正Neuber法则将其应用于随机载荷下缺口件的局部应力、应变计算与疲劳裂纹形成寿命估算。通过与实测结果的比较，分析讨论了各种近仿计算公式的精度及其疲劳寿命估算结果的影响。最后为工程疲劳寿命估算方法推荐了几种较符合实际的Kf近似计算公式。     

1.25Cr0.5Mo钢缺口试样高温疲劳蠕变交互作用的试验研究

通过对1.25Cr0.5Mo钢半圆和V型缺口试样520℃和540℃环境下应力控制的梯形波加载试验,对1.25Cr0.5Mo钢缺口试样高温环境下疲劳蠕变交互作用的规律进行了研究。研究表明:1.25Cr0.5Mo钢缺口试样在高温环境下对应力的敏感性不高;与光滑试样不同,缺口试样高温环境疲劳蠕变交互作用下的破坏机制以疲劳为主;缺口试样高温环境疲劳蠕变交互作用的断裂寿命主要应力、温度和缺口形状的影响。     

低合金钢微缺陷的裂纹萌生扩展规律

采用宏现与微观结合的方法以及大型疲劳试验机和光学显微镜研究了压力容器用钢16MnR在低周疲劳下微孔(φ 40～200μm)的裂纹萌生与扩展规律.结果表明:裂纹的萌生机制为滑移带启裂,由剪应力起主要作用,微观缺陷尺寸、应力水平对疲劳寿命有显著影响,当应力水平较低时,微孔尺寸对疲劳寿命的影响明显;当应力水平较高时(超过屈服强度),孔径对疲劳寿命的影响不敏感;在同一应力水平下,微缺陷尺寸d存在临界值dt,当d>dt时,疲劳寿命下降很多.     

16Mn钢短裂纹疲劳扩展性能的试验研究

通过对带有表面盲孔的16Mn钢圆棒试样的疲劳试验,获得了试样盲孔边缘疲劳短裂纹的扩展规律。文中给出了有关试验结果,藉此建立了短裂纹表面长度与疲劳循环数间的关系以及裂纹扩展速率与疲劳载荷和裂纹尺寸之间的定理描述式。本文结果有助于加深对16Mn钢试样疲劳损伤过程的认识。     

Investigating the effect of clamping force on the fatigue life of bolted plates using volumetric approach

In this paper, the effects of bolt clamping force on the fatigue life for bolted plates made from Al7075-T6 have been studied on the values of notch strength reduction factor obtained by volumetric approach. To attain stress distribution around the notch (hole) which is required for volumetric approach, nonlinear finite element simulations were carried out. To estimate the fatigue life, the available smooth S-N curve of Al7075-T6 and the notch strength reduction factor obtained from volumetric method were used. The estimated fatigue life was compared with the available experimental test results. The investigation shows that there is a good agreement between the life predicted by the volumetric approach and the experimental results for various specimens with different amount of clamping forces. Volumetric approach and experimental results showed that the fatigue life of bolted plates improves because of the compressive stresses created around the plate hole due to clamping force.     

造船龙门起重机主梁结构件的疲劳试验与分析

以580吨级造船龙门起重机主梁结构为研究对象,通过设计结构试件进行疲劳试验,获得试件在不同应力水平下的疲劳寿命循环次数,同时观测试件的裂纹形成、扩展现象。最后,根据试验结果拟合出的S-N曲线,对照选取标准中的S-N曲线,为结构疲劳分析提供试验依据。     

缺口应力集中对40Cr钢高周疲劳性能的影响

用超声疲劳试验方法测定了40Cr钢光滑试样和缺口试样在105-1010周次范围内的疲劳寿命(S-N)曲线,研究了缺口应力集中对疲劳性能的影响。结果表明:两种试样的S-N曲线呈现连续下降特征;缺口应力集中对材料疲劳性能的影响表现出阶段性特征,存在一个临界疲劳断裂循环数Nc,当疲劳断裂周次NfNc,Kf随Nf的增加而减小。在107以上超高周范围内,Kf和疲劳缺口敏感系数g与Nf具有线性关系。     

FATIGUE LIFE PREDICTION OF CRANKSHAFT MADE OF MATERIAL 48MnV BASED ON FATIGUE TESTS,DYNAMIC SIMULATION AND FEA

S-N curve and fatigue parameters of 48MnV are obtained using small sample tests and staircase or up and down method, which paves the way for predicting fatigue life of crankshaft made of 48MnV. The fatigue life of the crankshaft of a six-cylinder engine is calculated using different damage models such as S-N method, normal strain approach, Smoth-Watson-Topper (SWT)-Bannantine approach, shear strain approach, and Fatemi-Socie method based on dynamic simulation and finite element analysis (FEA) of crankshaft. The results indicate that the traditional calculation is conservative and the residual fatigue life of crankshaft is sufficient to maintain next life cycle if the crankshaft is remanufactured after its end of life.     

Fatigue life evaluation of welded joints by a Strain-life approach using hardness and tensile strength

To evaluate the fatigue lifetime of structures, it is necessary to identify the values of parameters through tests. From the viewpoint of time and cost it is difficult for engineers to get the necessary data through tests. In this study, we surveyed literature and proposed a procedure to identify the fatigue parameters expressed with the Brinell hardness and elastic modulus. After obtaining stress concentration factors by finite element analysis, we calculated fatigue notch factors using Peterson's formula. Taking into account the welding residual stress, which was also obtained by finite element analysis, we evaluated the fatigue lifetime of four kinds of welded joints using the proposed approach. The estimated results are in a good agreement with the experimental results.     

基于Hypermesh的汽车驱动桥壳有限元分析与疲劳寿命预测

驱动桥壳是汽车中的重要部件,应具有足够的强度、刚度以及疲劳寿命。基于CAD/CAE一体化技术,首先利用CATIA软件建立了某轻型汽车驱动桥壳的三维实体模型,虚拟装配后,导入Hy-permesh中建立以3D实体单元为基本单元的有限元模型,并以MSC.Nastran为求解器,通过模拟相关行业标准规定的台架试验及典型工况,得出驱动桥壳强度与刚度满足要求;最后,通过建立驱动桥壳S-N曲线,将有限元结果导入MSC.Fatigue进行模拟台架疲劳试验,得到桥壳整体的疲劳寿命分布,结果表明驱动桥壳疲劳寿命满足要求,验证了设计的合理性。     

Unified Principal S-N Equation for Friction Stir Welding of 5083 and 6061 Aluminum Alloys

With the popularization of friction stir welding(FSW),5083-H321 and 6061-T6 aluminum alloy materials are widely used during the FSW process.In this study,the fatigue life of friction stir welding with two materials,i.e.,5083-H321 and 6061-T6 aluminum alloy,are studied.Fatigue tests were carried out on the base metal of these two materials as well as on the butt joints and overlapping FSW samples.The principle of the equivalent structural stress method is used to analyze the FSW test data of these two materials.The fatigue resistances of these two materials were com-pared and a unified principal S-N curve equation was fitted.Two key parameters of the unified principal S-N curve obtained by fitting,Cd is 4222.5,and h is 0.2693.A new method for an FSW fatigue life assessment was developed in this study and can be used to calculate the fatigue life of different welding forms with a single S-N curve.Two main fatigue tests of bending and tension were used to verify the unified principal S-N curve equation.The results show that the fatigue life calculated by the unified mean 50％master S-N curve parameters are the closest to the fatigue test results.The reliability,practicability,and generality of the master S-N curve fitting parameters were verified using the test data.The unified principal S-N curve acquired in this study can not only be used in aluminum alloy materials but can also be applied to other materials.     

泵阀箱材质自增强与疲劳强度研究

以内壁带“Ｖ”型缺口的厚壁圆环为对象,对两种高压泵阀箱常用钢４３ＣｒＮｉ２ＭｏＶａ、４２ＣｒＭｏＡ在自增强处理前后的疲劳寿命进行了理论分析与实验研究。首先用弹塑性有限元法计算了自增强后所形成的残余应力,发现自增强处理后在缺口根部所形成的残余应力有一最大值,有明显的残余应集中现象。     

兆瓦级风机机架焊缝疲劳分析

在风力发电机机架的焊缝疲劳分析时,目前应用最广的方法为表面外推热点应力法.表面外推热点应力法直接应用热点应力作为疲劳应力控制参量,板厚尺寸和载荷模式效应通常按经验修正公式考虑,焊趾缺口效应在热点应力S-N曲线中统计考虑.以某兆瓦级风机焊接机架为例,首先建立机架的有限元分析模型,计算得到热点的应力,其次通过将载荷历程与其进行通道合并,并运用雨流计数法计算得到等效疲劳应力,最后结合焊缝的S-N曲线进行焊缝的疲劳强度评定及寿命预测.     

冲击值与金属材料其他力学性能关系的研究

通过试验研究与理论分析,确定缺口应力集中系数,找出缺口应力集中系数和应力强化系数之间的关系;通过40CrMnSiMoA数字化冲击试验数据分析结果,找出冲击值与材料缺口敏感性的关系、冲击裂纹形成功与疲劳裂纹形成寿命之间的关系;从而得出结论:对于高强度和超高强度材料,冲击功值对缺口试样疲劳裂纹形成寿命影响更大,且冲击功值较高的材料比冲击功值较低的材料在等应力条件下疲劳寿命长。