带缺口构件疲劳寿命的研究进展

对带缺口构件疲劳寿命的构成、缺口疲劳裂纹萌生尺寸的定义、缺口疲劳寿命的局部应力估算方法、影响萌生寿命N1的主要因素、缺口疲劳寿命及锐缺口疲劳裂纹萌生寿命的研究现状等进行了简要综述,同时介绍了一种萌生寿命N1的新的表征参量△K/ρ(1/2),以及N1的估算方法.最后指出了控制缺口疲劳裂纹萌生寿命的主要参量以及它们之间存在...     

16MnR低周疲劳裂纹萌生寿命的统计分布研究

本文通过对低周疲劳裂纹随机萌生的研究,定义了一种新的关于疲劳裂纹萌生的特征寿命,并分析了该寿命指标的统计分布特性。结果表明,新的疲劳裂纹萌生寿命具有很好的物理背景,并且其分散性近似或小于通常工程定义的萌生寿命。     

缺口曲率半径对30CrMnSiA钢疲劳萌生寿命的影响

主要研究了30CrMnSiA钢弯曲疲劳时缺口曲率半径ρ对疲劳萌生寿命Ni的影响，较准确地求出了Ni与ρ的近似关系式。     

16Mn钢的微动疲劳寿命

研究了16Mn钢的微动疲劳机制和接触压力及微动疲劳循环周次等因素对16Mn钢疲劳寿命的影响,并试图给出一个在长寿命范围内拟合微动疲劳寿命曲线的表达式。     

钢丝微动疲劳裂纹萌生寿命预测研究*

钢丝微动疲劳过程中,钢丝裂纹萌生特性直接影响其裂纹扩展特性,进而制约钢丝微动疲劳寿命,因此开展钢丝微动疲劳裂纹萌生寿命预测研究具有重要意义。基于有限元法、摩擦学理论和断裂力学理论,运用Smith-Watson-Topper（SWT）多轴疲劳寿命准则建立考虑磨损的钢丝微动疲劳裂纹萌生寿命预测模型,基于多种不同的钢丝疲劳参数估算方法对钢丝的微动疲劳裂纹萌生寿命进行了预测,并探究接触载荷、疲劳载荷、交叉角度及钢丝直径等微动疲劳参数对钢丝微动疲劳裂纹萌生寿命的影响规律。结果表明：基于中值法的预测结果最接近实际值;在微动疲劳过程中,钢丝微动疲劳裂纹萌生寿命主要与接触载荷和疲劳载荷相关。通过引入微动损伤参数建立简化的适用于钢丝绳的钢丝微动疲劳裂纹萌生寿命预测模型,通过与考虑磨损的预测模型计算结果进行对比验证了该模型的准确性。     

一种计算疲劳裂纹萌生寿命的数值方法

基于连续损伤力学理论,根据概述疲劳发展的损伤演变过程,得出了疲劳裂纹萌生寿命的数值计算方法,该方法将疲劳裂纹萌生寿命分为损伤发生前的寿命和损伤演变时的寿命两部分计算,并能给出裂纹萌生长度的计算值。以ＬＹ１２铝合金作为分析对象,用该方法与断裂力学结合计算出的疲劳寿命与实验值相吻合。     

16Mn钢短裂纹疲劳扩展性能的试验研究

通过对带有表面盲孔的16Mn钢圆棒试样的疲劳试验,获得了试样盲孔边缘疲劳短裂纹的扩展规律。文中给出了有关试验结果,藉此建立了短裂纹表面长度与疲劳循环数间的关系以及裂纹扩展速率与疲劳载荷和裂纹尺寸之间的定理描述式。本文结果有助于加深对16Mn钢试样疲劳损伤过程的认识。     

16Mn钢焊接件疲劳裂纹扩展特性研究

本文研究了16Mn 钢焊接接头疲劳裂纹扩展特性。结果表明:影响焊接接头裂纹扩展速率的因素是焊接接头的残余应力和金相显微组织。当应力比 R<0.6时,残余应力是影响焊接接头疲劳裂纹扩展速率的主要因素,显徽组织次之;当应力比达到0.6时,残余应力影响减弱。根据实验结果提出了焊接接头疲劳裂纹扩展速率的预测模型,与实测结果相近,具有一定的实用价值。     

疲劳裂纹萌生尺寸的定义及其确定方法

以缺口件为研究对象，根据疲劳非扩展裂纹的性质，给出裂纹萌生尺寸的定义，提出疲劳裂纹萌生尺寸的确定方法，从损伤角度解释其萌生尺寸的物理意义，最后用局部应力应变法估算形成寿命，验证其合理性。     

随机风载下齿轮副接触疲劳裂纹萌生寿命研究

对随机风场进行了模拟,得到了正常发电工况下主轴扭矩的时间历程;建立了齿轮副的三维有限元模型,计算了在静态载荷下齿轮副的应力应变。采用随机载荷雨流计数法对齿轮载荷进行雨流计数,并对结果进行了统计学分析,得到应力均值符合三参数威布尔分布。研究了服从三参数威布尔分布的分布参数对齿轮接触疲劳裂纹萌生寿命的影响。结果表明采用随机载荷相对于采用载荷均值齿轮的接触疲劳裂纹萌生寿命疲劳寿命下降,形状参数增大齿轮接触疲劳裂纹萌生寿命增大,尺度参数和位置参数增大齿轮的接触疲劳裂纹萌生寿命减小。     

压力容器焊缝咬边疲劳裂纹的启裂寿命

针对某企业空气球罐焊缝咬边在压力波动时的受力情况,首先建立带咬边结构的受力模型,利用西田正孝的图表方法和有限元法分别计算咬边引起的弹性应力集中系数,然后计算出咬边尖端的名义应力,进而利用小缺口启裂寿命经验估算式估算咬边的疲劳裂纹启裂寿命。再采用与实物等厚度、与真实咬边等尺寸的模拟试样,进行与实际结构等应力范围条件下的模拟疲劳试验。结果表明,试验寿命与根据经验估算式得到的估算寿命非常接近,从而为咬边疲劳裂纹启裂寿命研究提供了理论依据和试验数据。在考虑一定的安全系数后,对所分析的球罐给出的剩余总寿命为9年,至启裂的剩余寿命为6年。     

Comparison of the fatigue life of F.F. shaft material according to various environmental temperatures

A rotary bending fatigue test was carried out with two kinds of materials, S43C and S50C, using the front engine and front driveshaft (F.F. shaft) of the vehicle. The specimens were heat-treated using the high frequency induction method (about 1 mm depth and HRC56∼60) and the test environment temperatures were -30 °C (-22 °F), +25 °C (+77 °F), and +80 °C (+176 °F) in order to determine the influence of the heat treatment and the temperatures. The fatigue life increased on the order of +80 °C, +25 °C, and -30 °C regardless of heat treatment. In comparison of the fatigue lives with the basis of the tested result at +25 °C, the fatigue lives of non-heated specimens decreased about 35%, but that of heat-treated specimens decreased by only about 5% at +80 °C, more than at +25 °C. And fatigue life of non-heated and heat-treated specimens were about 110% and 120% higher at -30 °C than that of +25 °C. The initiation of surface microcracks was observed at 0.2 fatigue life ratio in as-received S43C and S50C, but the average crack length in S50C was about 14% longer than that of S43C at the same fatigue life ratio.     

16Mn钢坯表面缺陷鉴定分析

通过化学成份分析、常规物理检验等手段,证明16Mn钢坯表面缺陷的产生原因主要与钢中的带状组织有关,即轧制过程中温度偏低造成的。此外钢中含有较多的硫化物也为裂纹的开裂和扩展提供了有利的条件。     

基于实验确定疲劳缺口系数Kf的方法

采用局部应力应变法预测复杂载荷下结构或构件的疲劳裂纹形成寿命,最定.通过实验研究不同转换因子和不同半径对Smith损伤参量的影响.借助于光滑试件和缺口件的对比实验结果,提出确定弹塑性疲劳缺口系数的方法.采用此方法确定疲劳缺口系数,获得的损伤参量与裂纹形成寿命关系的数据分散带最窄.因此,可以提高疲劳裂纹形成寿命预测的精度.     

连杆尖锐裂解槽的脉冲YAG激光切割

对激光加工连杆裂解槽工艺进行了研究,根据材料状态、能量平衡和孔形变化,将脉冲激光加工裂解槽孔过程分为起始、准稳定破坏及收尾3个阶段;对脉宽、波形、脉冲频率、切割速度等影响裂解槽槽根半径的因素进行了分析;设计了一种新的激光脉冲波形,以满足槽根尖锐度的要求。分析及实验结果表明:长脉冲宽度与切割速度的合理匹配是获得尖锐裂解槽的关键,当脉宽取1ms,切割速度为10mm/s时,获得了根部尖锐的裂解槽。对于要求深且尖锐的裂解槽,可增加频率转化为多个长脉冲加工;当频率增加到40Hz,脉宽取0.5ms,得到的裂解槽纵横比大且根部尖锐。裂解槽形貌对比表明,对于脉宽和频率进行优化,可在加工裂解槽孔的各个阶段合理地注入能量,获得高质量的裂解槽。     

Characteristics of fatigue crack initiation and fatigue strength of nitrided lCr-lMo-0.25V turbine rotor steels

To investigate the effect of nitriding layer on both fatigue crack initiation and fatigue life, turbine rotor steel (lCr-IMo-0.25V steel) specimens were nitrided by the nitemper method and then put to a rotary bending fatigue test at room and elevated temperatures. In nitriding, temperature and time were controlled to obtain a different nitrided thickness. Microstructure analysis, micro-Vickers hardness test, and scanning electron microscope observation were carried out for evaluating experiments. In results, the fatigue cracks of nitrided specimens were initiated at inclusion near the interface between nitrided layer and substrate, which showed fish-eye type appearance in fractograph. The fatigue life of nitrided specimens at every temperature was prolonged compared to that of the non-nitrided. However, there was not observable improvement in fatigue characteristics with the increase of a nitrided thickness.     

金属焊接接头疲劳裂纹萌生寿命估算方法的研究

疲劳裂纹萌生阶段在整个疲劳破坏过程中占有极为重要的地位，而萌生阶段的裂纹体损伤规律用长裂纹断裂力学方法是无法确定的。这里以萌生阶段中塑性滞回能作为控制参量，根据实验数据拟合出疲劳损伤的连续曲线，得到裂纹萌生寿命估算公式。     

Closure at the root of a sharp notch

Sharp notches subject to remote axial compression suffer closure of the root. In this paper we address this, and determine a first-order approximation to the extent of closure based on the asymptotic solution for a semi-infinite notch. This is then applied to an edge notch, and it is shown that the extent of closure is very small indeed, and likely to be smaller by several orders of magnitude than the notch root radius in any practically realisable case. It also follows that the notch root plasticity present for real materials is likely to encompass this region, and that the ‘open’ notch solution may be used without loss of accuracy.     

Effects of Mn content and texture on fatigue properties of as-cast and extruded AZ61 magnesium alloys

Fatigue behavior of as-cast and extruded AZ61 magnesium alloys in ambient air (20 °C–55%RH) was investigated. It was found that size and distribution of cast defect influenced tensile and fatigue performance of the as-cast alloy. Fatigue limit of the as-cast alloy was significantly low compared to the extruded alloy. The casting defects served as stress concentration sites for fatigue crack nucleation. Fatigue tests were also carried out on a high Mn content alloy. All of the specimens failed from an inclusion near the specimen surface. Fatigue limit of Mg alloy with high Mn content was lower compared to that of the low Mn content alloy. Further, investigation on the effect of texture on fatigue and fatigue crack growth behavior of the extruded AZ61 magnesium alloy plate was carried out. The results showed that fatigue strength in the longitudinal direction to the extruded direction was higher compared to those in the transverse and 45° directions. Significant effect of specimen orientation on fatigue crack growth behavior for both short and long cracks was found near the threshold region. However, regardless of specimen orientation, the da/dN–ΔK_eff curves for all three kinds of specimens were in a narrow band. It is suggested that the difference in the fatigue life among the specimen orientations will be mainly due to the difference in the crack closure behavior. A transition of fracture mechanism was found for a long crack. Slip fracture mechanism was dominant above the transition point, whereas below the transition point, slip fracture mechanism was associated with cleavage fracture.