液体辅助压边周向充液拉深

为了克服液压辅助压边中橡胶膜易破损和发挥径向压力对提高板料成形极限的作用,提出液体辅助压边周向充液拉深新技术。将液池内液体通过增压活塞增压后,加载到毛坯凸缘上表面和凸缘边缘实现液体直接压边和高于液池压力的径向压力辅助拉深;采用导流孔将毛坯边缘的液体引至板料凸缘下表面部分区域,缩小液体实际压边区域,减少凸缘区摩擦阻力。初步试验验证该方案可行有效后,用有限元法对成形过程进行研究,并得到合理的工艺参数。通过试验建立极限拉深比和增压比的成形区域。研究表明:拉深得到的零件壁厚分布存在两个谷底值,分别对应冲模力的两个峰值;增压活塞增压比的增大影响成形零件的壁厚分布,较大的增压比下拉深得到的零件壁厚也较大;当液池压力18MPa时,采用2.4倍的增压活塞,得到拉深比达2.86的铝合金2A12O杯形件。     

混合压边液体内向流动动态充液拉深

为抑制液体内向流动动态充液拉深中凸缘增厚而造成的拉深阻力急剧增长,提出混合压边液体内向流动动态充液拉深新方法。对定间隙下设定恒定压边力的混合压边充液拉深压边形式实质进行分析,采用有限元研究混合压边方式下压边间隙、压边力以及径向压力的变化对成形过程的影响。研究结果表明:定间隙下设定恒定压边力的混合压边充液拉深压边形式的实质是设定压边间隙和设定压边力压边方式的混合;采用混合压边方式可以降低实际最大压边力,降低凸缘区的摩擦阻力,减少第二个谷底点的减薄率;压边力影响零件直壁部分壁厚分布,较大的压边力得到的零件直壁壁厚较薄;压边间隙的变化影响成形零件直壁壁厚分布,较小的压边间隙成形零件直壁较薄,第二个谷底点越接近零件底部。     

基于回弹控制的高强度薄板拉深成形参数优化设计

为提高高强度薄板拉深成形中板料的成形精度和表面质量,使板料能够与其他零件装配,分析了拉深成形工艺中板料回弹的形成机理,建立了薄板拉深成形板料回弹数学模型。通过板料的平均弯矩度量板料回弹量,构建了板料回弹控制准则,提出了基于回弹控制的高强度薄板拉深变压边力优化设计方法。通过基于回弹控制的高强度薄板拉深变压边力优化设计流程,获得满足起皱控制准则、破裂控制准则和回弹控制准则的高强度薄板拉深优化后的变压边力轨迹。以某贮箱箱底的拉深成形为例,验证了所提方法的正确性和有效性。     

圆筒形零件拉深压边力的数值模拟

采用板料成形模拟软件Dynaform对圆筒形零件拉深工艺过程进行了模拟，计算了理论压迫力，并与模拟结果进行了比较，分析了压迫力对成形件壁厚、应力和应变的影响。验证了理论计算压力在实践中是可以应用的。     

方盒形件分区压边方式拉深压边力的数值模拟

板料拉深成形是冲压生产中的一种少、无切削的先进加工方法,拉深成形的重要工艺参数之一是压边力,是保证零件成形质量的关键.根据方盒形件的拉深成形特点,将压边圈设计为直边区域、法兰转角区域及直边与转角交界区域的十六块分区压边方式,并对分区压边圈在不同压边力加载模式下进行了模拟分析.分析结果表明:对于方盒形件的拉深,将压边圈设计为适当的分区结构、各分区压边圈采取合理的变压边力加载模式可以充分改善板料的成形性能、达到抑制板料起皱和延缓破裂以及提高板料拉深成形质量.     

桶形件变压边力冲压成形工艺仿真实验及分析

随着成形加工技术的广泛应用,控制板料拉深工艺质量成为目前冲压技术研究的热点.以桶形件的成形为例,采用CAE软件Dynaform对变压边力控制的成形工艺进行数值模拟计算,最终得到合适的压边力变化曲线,并进行模拟实验验证,极大地提高了板料的拉深性能.     

板料数控渐进成形变形区厚度变化规律的研究

板料数控渐进成形工艺是一种柔性的成形工艺,这种工艺非常适合于加工小批量、多品种和复杂的板料产品。通过数控机床进行圆锥台及直壁筒形件数控渐进成形,对成形零件变形区厚度进行测量,并对所得数据进行分析。试验结果表明,数控渐进成形中材料厚度变化遵循正弦定律。相同厚度的板料,材料不同,成形极限厚度不同。成形极限厚度不仅与材料有关,而且与板料初始厚度有关,即板料初始厚度越大,允许的变形区厚度减薄越大。对于必须采用多道次成形方法的直壁筒形件成形,工具路径不同,变形区厚度变化也不同。采用平行直线型工具路径,直壁部分厚度比较均匀。利用厚度变化规律指导翼子板成形并试验验证其正确性。厚度变化规律对于复杂零件的数控渐进成形具有一定的指导作用。     

盒形件无模充液拉深液压加载路径的研究

凹模型腔内的液体预胀形压力和工作压力是决定充液拉深过程中能否拉深出合格零件的重要工艺参数.通过采用Dynaform软件,对无模充液拉深盒形件工艺进行数字仿真,就液体压力参数对板料成形性能影响进行分析与研究.结果表明,合理地控制凹模型腔内液体加载路径和压力参数可以有效地提高板料的成形性能和成形件质量.并由液体压力所带来的摩擦保持效应可使成形件壁厚分布均匀,一次拉深的盒形件最大相对高度可达到4.25.     

多道次双点渐进成形数值模拟与实验研究

针对多道次双点渐进成形中材料变形规律问题,建立了典型圆锥台件双点渐进成形有限元模型,采用螺旋轨迹对其多道次成形规律进行了数值模拟,对模拟结果中节点坐标和位移、单元应变和壁厚数据进行了提取,分析了成形过程中节点流动、单元应变及壁厚分布规律,并通过在实验板料表面印制圆形网格和制作标记点进行了多道次双点渐进成形实验,对成形零件网格变化、标记点径向移动和零件壁厚进行了测量分析,验证了模拟结果的正确性。研究结果表明,多道次双点渐进成形中材料产生明显的径向流动,且随着成形道次增多而增大,同时,成形道次越多零件壁厚均匀性越好;另外,采用变间隔角度设计方法,可改善多道次双点渐进成形零件壁厚分布均匀性,且随着成形道次增多作用越明显。     

T6态7075铝合金的温拉深成形研究

温热成形是铝合金板料成形的重要方法。通过改造后的极限拉深比试验与方形盒试验,研究了T6态的7075板料在不同温度下的等温以及非等温拉深性能,并通过对成形后材料强度进行单向拉深试验,分析了经过温成形后材料强度和硬度的变化。结果表明,T6态铝合金在140～220℃左右拉深性能最好,且成形后可以保持足够的强度和硬度,所以最佳的温拉深成形温度为140～220℃。     

Analysis of deep drawing of sheet metal using the Marform process

This paper deals with the deep drawing of metal cups using the Marform process. Using this technique, higher limiting drawing ratios can be obtained compared with the conventional deep drawing process. The analytical model of the process is presented initially, followed by the finite element simulations using ABAQUS software. A new friction model based on local contact conditions is presented and used in the finite element (FE) simulations of the process. Compared with traditional Coulomb friction model, the results of the FE simulations with the new friction model showed good correlation with experimental results. The results showed that the maximum thinning occurs at the punch profile portion, and by increasing the forming pressure, thinning of the sheet metal propagates from the punch profile portion to the side wall. At low forming pressures, wrinkles appear in the flange, whilst at higher pressures, fracture is the main defect of the Marform process.     

Investigation of hydrodynamic deep drawing for conical�Ccylindrical cups

Forming conical parts is one of the complex and difficult fields in sheet-metal forming processes. Because of low-contact area of the sheet with punch tip in the initial stages of forming, bursting occurs on the sheet. Moreover, since most of the sheet surface in the area between the punch tip and blank holder is free, wrinkles appear on the wall of the drawing part. Thus, these parts are normally formed in industry by spinning, explosive forming, or multi-stage deep drawing processes. In this paper, forming pure copper and St14 conical?Ccylindrical cups in the hydrodynamic deep drawing process was studied using finite element (FE) simulation and experiment. The effect of pressure path on the occurrence of defects and thickness distribution and drawing ratio of the sheet was studied. It was concluded that at low pressures, bursting occurs on the contact area of sheet with punch tip. At higher pressures, the cup was formed, but the wall thickness distribution depends on the pressure path. It was also illustrated that for the pressure path with a certain maximum amount, the workpiece was formed adequately with minimum sheet thickness reduction. Internal pressures more than this maximum amounts did not affect on the thickness distribution. By applying the desired pressure path, conical?Ccylindrical cups with high deep drawing ratio were achieved.     

润滑条件下铝合金板成形模拟中摩擦模型的研究

对润滑条件下铝合金薄板筒形件拉深成形过程进行了工艺分析，在作出一些简化和假设的基础上，建立了基于流体润滑的筒形件拉深成形过程摩擦模型；将该模型运用到板料成形过程有限元分析中，计算出筒形件成形时摩擦系数动态变化的数值；开发出基于探针测试的铝合金板温成形动态过程摩擦测试系统，并对筒形件成形时的摩擦系数进行了测试实验。计算结果与实验数据表明，板料成形过程中的摩擦系数不是一个常数，随着凸模行程的增加，摩擦系数具有增加的趋势。     

薄壁深抛物线形零件固体颗粒介质成形工艺

薄壁抛物线形壳体成形过程为拉深和胀形两种变形模式的复合,极易发生起皱和破裂。固体颗粒介质成形是采用固体颗粒代替刚性凸模或凹模(或弹性体、液体)对板料进行成形的工艺。板材在颗粒介质内压的作用下成形,可以有效防止抛物线形件拉深成形过程中侧壁的起皱;由于颗粒内压是非均匀分布的,故可以有效控制抛物线形件成形过程中的破裂,提高板材的成形极限。根据固体颗粒介质成形工艺的特点,提出了两次成形薄壁深壳体零件的工艺,建立了数值分析模型,通过数值模拟和试验对该成形过程和工艺参数进行了分析。结果表明,采用固体颗粒介质成形工艺过程简单、成形工件壁厚分布均匀、表面质量好、回弹小。     

AZ31镁合金盒形件变压边力温热拉延工艺

通过温热交叉轧制工艺制备了板形以及成形性能良好的AZ31镁合金薄板;开发了可加热的变压边力双动液压机,并详述其工作原理;采用不同的压边力方案,对盒形件进行温热拉延实验,分析了变压边力对AZ31镁合金板材温热拉延性能的影响。结果表明:最佳的压边力变化方案是压边力随凸模行程先增后减的模式;采用变压边力技术可以将AZ31镁合金盒形件的拉深深度提高13·2%。     

电沉积纳米镍薄板的超塑微拉深性能

采用脉冲电沉积工艺制备了厚度为0．1mm的纳米镍薄板，在不同的温度和应变速率下对该薄板进行单向拉伸试验，确定了其超塑性变形的最佳工艺条件，在此基础上进行了纳米镍薄板的微拉深性能实验。实验结果表明：纳米镍薄板的微拉深性能随成形温度的升高而提高；在温度为723K、半球形拉深凸模直径为1mm、拉深速度为1～5mm／min的条件下，均可成功拉深出半球件。采用透射电镜和扫描电镜对拉深变形前的沉积态组织和拉深变形后的微观组织进行了观察比较，结果表明，微拉深后大部分镍晶粒长大到微米量级。根据实验结果，初步探讨了超塑微拉深的主要变形机制。     

弹体温成形工艺改进的研究

针对弹体温成形实际生产过程中模具寿命低及壁厚差大的问题,通过对温成形工艺参数的分析,提出弹体温成形过程的改进方案,即在温挤压工步之前增加预成形工步,在温挤压工步之后增加变薄拉深工步.经对改进工艺的计算机模拟及实验验证表明,此改进的工艺能够减小壁厚差,降低凸模温升,延长凸模寿命.     

The effect of nanoparticulate loading on the fabrication and characterization of multi-doped Zn-Al2O3-Cr2O3 hybrid coatings on mild steel

In this paper, an improved approach is proposed to determine the optimal profiles of two controllable process parameters (hydraulic pressure and blank holder force), which improve the forming condition and/or make better use of forming limits in hydromechanical deep drawing (HMD) process. A method based on adaptive finite element analysis coupled with fuzzy control algorithm (aFEA-FCA) was developed using LS-DYNA to determine the optimal loading profiles and thus to maximize the limiting drawing ratio (LDR). Maximum thickness reduction, maximum wrinkle height in the flange region of the sheet metal blank, and position of the nodes in the unsupported portion of the sheet metal blank between punch and die were used as criteria in the fuzzy control algorithm. Different rule-based matrices were compared by considering the maximum thinning occurred in the sheet metal blank, and thus, the most accurate matrices were determined for the control algorithm. The optimal loading profiles could be determined in a single FEA, thus reducing the computation time. The proposed approach enables determining the optimal loading profiles and also could be applied to complex parts easily. In addition, effects of initial blank diameter and coefficient of friction between the sheet-blank holder and sheet-die on the optimal loading profiles were investigated. An attainable LDR of 2.75 for AA 5754-O sheet material in hydromechanical deep drawing process was proven experimentally using the optimal loading profiles determined by adaptive FEA.     

镁合金板成形工艺参数对其成形性能的影响

镁合金热成形时的工艺参数对其成形性能有很大的影响,探讨该影响规律具有重要研究意义。基于国内外镁合金板热拉深的研究现状,论述了成形温度、模具结构与尺寸、压边条件、拉深速度、摩擦和润滑条件等工艺参数对镁合金热成形性能(极限拉深比LDR)的影响规律,指出未来镁合金塑性成形技术的研究方向。     

Hydrodynamic deep drawing process assisted by radial pressure with inward flowing liquid

A radial pressure can reduce drawing force and increase drawing ratio in hydrodynamic deep drawing. However, conventional hydrodynamic deep drawing cannot attain a radial pressure higher than the pressure in the die cavity. In this research, a modified method, named hydrodynamic deep drawing assisted by radial pressure with inward flowing liquid, was proposed and investigated using both primarily experimental and numerical simulation analysis. A radial pressure higher than the pressure in the die cavity was realized by means of the inward flowing of the liquid during this process. After preliminary experimental validation, FEM was used to explore the forming process. The results from the simulation were compared with those from the experiment. The effects of the radial pressure on the wall thickness distribution, punch force, and compressive stress in the blank flange were studied with assistance of numerical simulation. The process window for radial pressures versus drawing ratios was established in 2Al2O alloy experimentally and cups with drawing ratio of 2.85 were successfully formed.