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针对目前木质家具企业数量多、污染日益严重的现状,综述了木质家具企业生产过程中易产生的污染种类和来源,提出了各种污染防治的基本方法,以期为木质家具企业的污染防治提供借鉴。 相似文献
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人造板中木质碎料占体积的约95%,因此它的制备工艺对产品的质量和生产的经济性有着重要的影响.这一工艺由于提高了作为原料的各种木质废料的应用而有特别的意义.在人造板生产中影响木质废料应用的原因之一,是当提高原料中废料的比例时成品板子的质量将降低.这时,为了保证必要的强度指标,木质刨花板企业不得不提高胶耗量和板子的密度.此外,从企业外来的废料常常夹杂异类杂质(石块、煤炭、金属等等),这使利用废料时引起附加的困难. 相似文献
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随着经济的发展,工业化生产的危险废物量巨大,危险废物对人类和环境构成了巨大的威胁,危险废物处理能力已不能满足实际需要.如果危险废物处理不当,必然会产生严重的环境污染.因此,建设危险废物处理项目,需要分析危险废物处置和环境影响评价过程中存在的问题,考虑对环境的影响.要关注危险废物环境影响评价,确保提高危险废物处理项目的环境效益.基于此,本文分析了危险废物开展环境影响评价的重要意义,讨论了危险废物项目评价的总体思路,并提出了危险废物处理项目环境影响评价的相关措施. 相似文献
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通过对多种废纸质量分析与废纸脱墨制浆实验,研究了含机械浆纸与不含机械浆纸的差异,以及国内回收废纸与进口废纸的差异。结果表明:进口废纸除#8美废外观质量相对较差外,总体质量要优于国内回收废纸。不含机械浆纸的白度高,强度相对要好。#8废纸油墨含量最高,#10废纸的油墨去除率最高,不含机械浆纸其成浆的残余油墨最低。#8废纸制浆得率最高,国内回收废铜版纸的得率最低。因#8废纸脱墨浆固有的低白度、高尘埃,无法满足文化纸生产的要求,以#10纸脱墨浆为主配抄生产,能满足白度85%ISO文化纸生产要求。 相似文献
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针对我国废旧纺织品中棉和涤纶制品产量高、循环利用率低、高品质产品少等问题,介绍了化学法循环再生利用废旧棉、涤纶纺织品的方法,分析了废旧棉再生浆粕及其纤维制备技术和废旧涤纶纺织品解聚单体及其再聚合技术的现状。相关研究表明:目前已能采用低比例废旧棉再生浆粕与原生木浆混合的方式实现废旧棉再生Lyocell纤维的小规模生产;采用乙二醇醇解-甲醇酯交换技术可实现废旧涤纶纺织品化学法再生聚酯的万吨级规模生产,但仍存在技术难度大、生产成本高、回收利用率低、产品品质差,且面临“治废产废”程度有待进一步降低等难题;开发废旧棉、涤纶纺织品清洁再生与高值化利用技术是废旧纺织品循环利用的发展趋势。 相似文献
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我国综合实力的增强,意味着各行各业都得到了长足的发展,但在生产活动中都会产生大量废物,包括固体废物、气体废物、液体废物等,这些废物如果不进行处理就直接排放到大自然中,会对环境造成严重的危害.我国及世界各国在大力发展时期,都是将重心放在工业生产上,对于生产过程中产生的大量废物却经常是不经处理就大量排放,导致环境受到严重污... 相似文献
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以环保为理念,基于现代社会对可持续发展的要求,对废旧服装的回收再利用进行了分析.阐述了国内外废旧服装回收和再利用的现状,调查了废旧服装回收和再利用存在的难点问题,提出了一些关于废旧服装回收和再利用的建议,并探讨了关于个人废旧服装再利用的方法. 相似文献
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目的 研究尾菜有机肥对土壤肥力及圆白菜和小茴香的产量与品质的影响。方法 采用不同量尾菜有机肥和商品有机肥对比的方法研究尾菜有机肥对土壤及蔬菜的影响。 结果 尾菜有机肥能提升土壤碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量,与CK差异达显著水平;与CK相比,施用尾菜有机肥后,圆白菜增产幅度为5.51%~19.74%,小茴香为6.20%~14.84%。结论 确定了尾菜有机肥用量的适宜用量为每公顷使用45吨尾菜有机肥,为蔬菜尾菜资源化利用提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Waste in the food industry is characterized by a high ratio of product-specific waste. Not only does this mean that the generation of this waste is unavoidable, but also that the amount and kind of waste produced, which consists primarily of the organic residue of processed raw materials, can scarcely be altered if the quality of the finished product is to remain consistent. The utilization and disposal of product-specific waste is difficult, due to its inadequate biological stability, potentially pathogenic nature, high water content, potential for rapid autoxidation, and high level of enzymatic activity. The diverse types of waste generated by various branches of the food industry can be quantified based on each branches' respective level of production. Moreover; the origins of each type of waste and a tabulated overview of the traditional agricultural methods for reusing the waste are discussed. Additionally, alternative methods of waste management have emerged, which target the most important contents of the waste. In conclusion, new possibilities for the utilization of food industry waste are described. 相似文献
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Removal of Waste Water from Wheat Starch Industry – An Economic Comparison. The portion of wheat starch production in the total production of starch out of corn, potatoes and wheat was only of minor importance in the past. Based on new process engineering for the production of wheat starch as well as EC market regulations the production of starch from wheat or wheat flour recently appears more interesting. Due to higher outputs in wheat starch plants there is a demand in methods for waste water engineering alternative to agricultural utilization of waste water. The completely biological waste water treatment in an aeration basin, the evaporation, filtration, protein coagulation. sale for cattle fodder, fermentation, and the anaerob purification are to be indicated. It does not only depend on the process engineering and the efficiency but most essentially on the economic efficiency which of these methods of waste water treatment will prevail in large-scale technique. The anaerobic waste water treatment of highly organic load waste water recently comes to the force more and more. A comparison of the different methods for waste water treatment shows that the charges very much depend on the waste water factor, i. e., the quantity of waste water per ton processed flour and the charges for electricity and fossil sources of energy. The calculation of the charges has to include the charges for an advanced waste water treatment in a sewage treatment as well as the profit for the digester gas or the concentrate. 相似文献
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Food waste is the outcome of different food processing practices that have not been reused and are disposed of as waste. Food wastes are rich in a wide variety of organic constituents including starches, proteins, oils, fats, phosphates, nutrients, amino acids, and natural acids. Food waste is a zero-value and nonconsumable resource. In this context, the valorization of food waste to different sorts of biofuels, for example, biodiesel, bioethanol, biohydrogen, bio-oil, biochar, and biomethane by employing well-structured and efficient valorization technologies can be an attractive and viable approach to counter the current global energy crisis and in establishing a sustainable bioeconomy. This type of food waste management not only resolves the serious pollution problem but also helps to reduce the dependency of the energy sector on fossil fuels. This review discusses the characteristics of food waste, common strategies for food waste management, food waste as a feedstock, biofuels as a renewable energy source, valorization of food waste to various types of biofuels, microbes-assisted valorization of food waste, biofuels and bioeconomy, and future scope and challenges in the valorization of food waste to biofuels. 相似文献
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透视废纸资源--问题与对策 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
我国纸业对废纸资源有很强的依赖性。近年来进口废纸价格相对走高,使得以废纸为原料的产品竞争力减弱。文章预测在其它条件不变的情况下,由于需求增加,进口废纸价格将以8%的速度上涨。为摆脱困境,文章提出要广开进口渠道、通过联合采购等措施来抵制废纸商的垄断与哄抬价格;同时企业还要对产品定位、原料使用及废纸使用比例做出科学的决策,以实现收益最大化。 相似文献