悬浮填料活性污泥法的脱氮效果及影响因素

投加悬浮填料强化传统活性污泥法的脱氮能力，考察了低温、填料投配比和生物膜量等因素对脱氮效果的影响。中试结果表明，投加悬浮填料和采用前置反硝化的运行方式可使系统的氨氮和总氮去除率得到显著提高。     

高效横管初冷器脱萘工艺的操作方法

为了满足钢铁联合企业轧钢工艺对焦炉煤气品质的要求,需要对焦炉煤气进行净化处理。焦炉煤气脱萘是非常重要的净化处理工艺。焦炉煤气中的萘沉积于设备和管道里,将发生堵塞障碍,严重影响设备生产能力和管道输送能力,甚至导致焦炉煤气净化处理工艺正常操作被破坏。此外,萘是重要的化工产品,多回收萘有利于增加经济效益。论文阐明了高效横管初冷器脱萘工艺的生产原理,分析了天津天铁炼焦化工有限公司横管初冷器脱萘工艺设计上存在的问题,并提出解决办法。     

高效能减水剂-JN

为了研制一种优质低价的减水剂,我们采用镇江焦化厂脱萘脱酚后余下的中油加入少量萘残油,代替萘和甲基萘,进行减水剂合成试验,终于初步试制成功高效能减水剂—JN。JN 减水剂质量稳定,效能较好,合成时采用了新的磺化工艺,合成工艺流程见图3。     

轻瓷填料在煤制气净化过程的应用

阐述了轻瓷填料在煤制气洗苯、洗萘及脱硫等净化过程中的应用。     

悬浮填料强化脱氮技术在污水处理中的应用

从同步硝化反硝化脱氮机理出发,总结了悬浮填料强化脱氮技术处理城镇生活污水的优势,其兼具生物膜法和活性污泥法的特点,使常规污水处理工艺的脱氮性能显著提升;综述了悬浮填料在污水处理中的各种应用形式,并分析了其实际应用过程中尚存在的问题。采用悬浮填料强化脱氮技术是中小城镇污水处理厂提标改造的有效途径。     

生物海绵铁在生活污水脱氮除磷中的应用研究

生物海绵铁是以海绵铁为载体填料，采用吸附方法通过人工接种活性污泥而形成的一种固定化生物体系。以生活污水为处理对象，与以聚氨酯泡沫为填料的生物固定化体系进行了对比试验，考察了生物海绵铁处理生活污水的效果及其脱氮除磷特性。结果表明：与以聚氨酯泡沫为填料的生物固定化体系相比，生物海绵铁表现出更强的脱氮除磷能力，出水水质完全达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB18918-2002）中的一级A标准。     

玉米芯与海绵铁复合填料的反硝化脱氮特性

在实验室条件下分别运行以玉米芯/海绵铁复合填料和单纯玉米芯填料的反硝化滤池,分析两类填料的反硝化脱氮效果,考察复合填料对硝态氮的去除率及出水水质。结果表明,复合填料反硝化滤池以生物异养反硝化作用为主,较单纯玉米芯填料反应器表现出更加稳定的反硝化脱氮效果。当进水硝态氮浓度为20 mg/L、停留时间3 h时,复合填料反应器对硝态氮的去除率可以维持在90%以上,出水硝态氮浓度2 mg/L,没有出现亚硝态氮、氨氮的积累和pH值升高现象;3个月的运行期间单位质量玉米芯的脱氮量为0.42 kg/kg,比单纯玉米芯高0.05 kg/kg。因此,玉米芯/海绵铁复合填料作为反硝化滤池的碳源和生物载体具有脱氮效果好、无需连续添加碳源、出水pH值稳定的特点。     

煤气初冷系统弓形隔板塔的设计

煤气初步冷却器是焦化厂鼓风冷凝工段的主体设备。它可以冷却高温煤气,同时还可以析出煤气中的焦油和萘。 目前国内广泛使用的煤气初步冷却器有两种形式:一种是间接管式冷却器;另一种是直接木格填料式冷却器。前一种要求以地下水作为冷却液。而长江中下游地下水量少,不易满足:后一种木格填料极易被萘堵塞,设备检修周期短,费用高。     

悬浮填料生物系统处理炼油废水试验

为了提高A／O工艺的脱氮效果，采用悬浮填料生物系统来处理炼油废水。试验结果表明，当装填30％反应器容积的悬浮填料、进水NH3-N和COD分别为54～75mg／L和420～570mg／L、水力停留时间为24h时，对NH3-N和COD的去除率分别达96％和88％以上，出水水质达到了排放标准。此外，在悬浮填料曝气池中还发生了同步硝化反硝化现象。     

富柴油脱萘工业试验扩大过程中存在的问题及改进

一、概况富柴油脱萘工业试验是建立在扩大中间试验的基础上,日处理柴油1吨模拟工业生产的试验装置,本试验采用吸附一解吸技术脱除富柴油中的萘,使富柴油再生成不含萘的柴油而重新用于工业生产。     

Interaction between C3A,silica fume and naphthalene sulphonate superplasticiser in high performance concrete

In high performance concrete, fillers and superplasticisers are typically added to the binder system. It is clear that cement, filler and admixture interact, and influence concrete properties. By means of an experimental programme on concrete with different types of Portland cement, with and without partial cement replacement by silica fume, and considering a naphthalene sulphonate superplasticiser, the interaction between C₃A, silica fume and naphthalene sulphonate superplasticiser has been investigated.A higher C₃A content of the Portland cement leads to a higher required dosage of superplasticiser. Partial cement replacement by silica fume leads to an acceleration of the second hydration peak (hydration of C₃S). Early age strength development of the concrete is higher in case of a higher C₃A content.     

改性萘系减水剂对水泥基材料性能的影响

用经氧化醚化等改性制得的氧化醚化淀粉(OES)与萘系减水剂复配改性,研究了改性萘系减水剂对水泥基材料性能的影响.结果表明,改性萘系减水剂能有效改善萘系减水剂的保坍行为,使水泥浆体保持较长的塑化时间,水泥水化诱导期明显延长;掺13％改性萘系减水剂的水泥浆体2h坍落度损失仅为6％,远小于掺萘系减水剂的56％;与掺萘系减水剂...     

葡萄糖酸钠改性萘系高效减水剂的研究

通过接枝改性合成葡萄糖酸钠改性萘系高效减水剂,阐述了该减水剂的合成工艺,分析了合成产品的红外光谱并比较改性前后萘系减水剂在流动度、表面张力、表面吸附量、坍落度、减水率和抗压强度等性能的差别。实验结果表明,通过接枝改性,使改性后的萘系减水剂的减水率提高3.39%,2 h坍落度损失率减小41.49%,克服了传统萘系减水剂坍落度损失大的缺点,同时提高了混凝土的早期抗压强度。     

基于萘系高效减水剂的多元复合改性研究

目前使用的大量萘系高效减水剂存在着坍落度损失大、与水泥的适应性差、易泌水等缺陷,本文运用物理多元复合技术对萘系高效减水剂进行了改性。改性后的高效减水剂减水率增加,与水泥的相容性好,可有效控制坍落度损失,混凝土的泌水少、干缩小,其抗冻、抗渗等耐久性能提高。     

外加剂与掺入石灰石粉的胶凝材料的适应性研究

该文研究了三种高效减水剂(萘系高效减水剂、聚羧酸系高效减水剂、氨萘复合减水剂)与掺入以10%等量取代水泥的石灰石粉,并分别复掺30%粉煤灰、30%矿渣、5%硅灰的胶凝体系的适应性问题。研究结果表明:掺萘系和氨萘复合减水剂的混凝土较稳定,掺聚羧酸系高效减水剂的混凝土流动度较大,经时损失较小,但泌水现象严重。复掺时适应性最好的是粉煤灰,其次是矿渣,最差的为硅灰。     

纺锤芽孢杆菌降解水中萘的特性研究

从处理石油废水的曝气池污泥中筛选、分离到一株能有效降解萘的菌株,经鉴定为纺锤芽孢杆菌(BFN),研究了其对水中萘的降解特性。结果表明:在温度为30℃、自然pH(6.68～6.76)、接种量为0.2%、(NH4)2SO4浓度为0.15g/L的最适降解条件下,BFN对萘(初始浓度为50mg/L)的降解率在96h内达到99.8%;BFN还具有较好的耐盐度,对高浓度的萘也有较好的耐受性。BFN对萘的降解过程符合一级反应动力学。通过检测不同底物水样的吸光度、pH和底物浓度的变化,发现BFN还能降解苯甲酸、水杨酸、邻苯二甲酸、甲苯、苯酚以及1-萘酚。     

季冻区高速铁路路基改良填料冻融性能研究

针对季冻区高速铁路路基填料冻融性能问题,将水泥和水泥粉煤灰掺入级配碎石作为改良措施。为了研究水泥和水泥粉煤灰改良碎石填料的抗冻融耐久性能,对填料的水稳定性、冻融变形特性和冻融耐久性进行试验,分析改良剂的种类、掺量以及养护龄期等因素的对路基填料性能的影响规律。研究结果表明：水泥改良填料相较于水泥粉煤灰改良填料有较高的无侧限抗压强度;填料单向冻胀量随着水泥掺量的增加而降低,掺入粉煤灰后会提高填料的冻胀率;水泥粉煤灰改良填料在28 d养护后水稳定性性能较水泥改良填料更佳优异,抗冻融性能则会低于水泥改良填料。     

固相微萃取(SPME)在煤气中萘的快速分析中的应用研究

文章采用固相微萃取(SPME)技术与气相色谱联用方法,快速、准确地分析了煤气中的萘,优化了SPME的萃取方法。应用该方法对家用煤气中的萘进行测定,加标回收率为84.1%以上,证明了该方法对于煤气中的萘分析的可靠性和稳定性。     

Mass transfer and bioremediation of naphthalene particles in a roller bioreactor

Naphthalene particles in a water slurry have been bioremediated in a sealed, roller bioreactor using a pure strain of Pseudomonas putida. High stripping losses of particles due to both splashing and aeration made the use of the traditional CSTR bioreactor unsuitable for bioremediation of naphthalene particles. The overall dissolution mass transfer coefficient of naphthalene particles in the roller bioreactor was low, 0.055 h(-1) at 50 RPM. The dissolution mass transfer rate was the limiting step for bioremediation. Although mass transfer was identified as the rate limiting step, the addition of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (a solubility enhancer) failed to improve naphthalene slurry bioremediation. In order to successfully bioremediate naphthalene particles at concentrations over 300 mg/L, intermittent aeration was applied in the sealed roller bioreactor on a daily basis. By operating in sequential batch mode with intermittent aeration, the roller bioreactor was successfully used to continuously bioremediate naphthalene particles at concentrations up to 1000 mg/L and at rates up to 10 mg/Lh.     

Mechanisms for naphthalene removal during electrolytic aeration

Batch tests were performed to investigate chemical and physical processes that may result during electrolytic aeration of a contaminated aquifer using naphthalene as a model contaminant. Naphthalene degradation of 58-66% took place electrolytically and occurred at the same rates at a pH of 4 and 7. 1,4-naphthoquinone was identified as a product of the electrolysis. Stripping due to gases produced at the electrodes did not result in any naphthalene loss. Hydrogen peroxide (which may be produced at the cathode) did not have any effect on naphthalene, but the addition of ferrous iron (which may be present in aquifers) resulted in 67-99% disappearance of naphthalene. Chlorine (which may be produced from the anodic oxidation of chloride) can effectively degrade naphthalene at pH of 4, but not at a pH of 7. Mono-, di- and poly chloronaphthalenes were identified as oxidation products. Ferric iron coagulation (due to the oxidation of ferrous iron) did not significantly contribute to naphthalene loss. Overall, electrolytic oxidation and chemical oxidation due to the electrolytic by-products formed are significant abiotic processes that could occur and should be accounted for if bioremediation of PAH-contaminated sites via electrolytic aeration is considered. Possible undesirable products such as chlorinated compounds may be formed when significant amounts of chlorides are present.