导弹水下动机座垂直发射载荷建模与仿真

导弹在水下动机座垂直发射过程中,受到横向流与弹性减震环对弹体的耦合作用,造成弹体出筒过程的受力状态的复合特征,对弹体出筒安全有很大影响。为解决上述问题,基于流体力学和动力学理论,针对潜艇带速水下垂直发射导弹过程中导弹的运动特征、流体动力特性、弹体与弹性减震环的相互作用进行研究,建立了水下动机座垂直发射导弹的横向载荷计算模型和耦合算法,并给出了载荷仿真算例。结果表明：所建立的模型与计算方法可行,可为导弹结构设计和发射系统参数设计提供研究参考和依据。     

飞行器空气舵系统的高效刚度分配优化方法研究

空气舵系统是飞行器典型操纵部件,其伺服作动器、连杆、摇臂、舵轴和舵面等子结构对空气舵系统的整体刚度有着不同程度的贡献,合理分配各子结构的刚度,可使空气舵系统的整体刚度得到进一步优化.本文提出了一种基于多体系统传递矩阵法和遗传算法相结合的空气舵系统高效刚度分配优化方法.首先,基于多体系统传递矩阵法建立了以结构尺寸和材料属性为参数的高效结构动力学计算模型,仿真结果表明,基于该计算模型所预测的空气舵第一阶俯仰模态固有频率与商业软件计算结果的误差仅为1.06%.其次,基于本文建立的高效结构动力学计算模型对各子结构刚度对空气舵系统动力学特性的贡献进行了灵敏度分析,给出了各部件对系统固有频率贡献的规律.最后,采取将遗传算法和多体系统传递矩阵法相结合的思路,以所建立的空气舵高效结构动力学模型为适应度函数,各子部件尺寸作为待优化变量,空气舵系统整体质量为约束条件,对空气舵系统各个子结构的刚度分配进行了优化.优化结果表明,在保持空气舵系统整体重量不变的条件下,可将空气舵系统第一阶俯仰模态固有频率提高约15.8%.     

舰载机前起落架突伸的动力学响应分析

为研究舰载机前轮拖拽弹射起飞技术,基于多体系统动力学理论,建立模拟舰载机前起落架突伸的4自由度多体动力学模型,推导出系统的动力学微分方程.利用该模型,用数值方法仿真舰载机前起落架的突伸运动,得出突伸过程中舰载机的重心位置、俯仰角和前起落架空气弹簧力等参数的动态响应特性.仿真结果可为舰载机及其起落架设计提供参考.     

一类旋转弹在高空中的锥形运动稳定性

为揭示弹箭在高空飞行过程中由于重力持续作用产生大攻角的物理本质,建立了弹道平面内时变参数的弹体运动数学模型,并推导了弹体在高空飞行段的攻角响应方程.同时,为了分析弹道顶点附近锥形运动的稳定性,综合考虑弹体姿态运动和位移运动建立了旋转弹锥形运动的动力学模型.针对大攻角引起显著气动非线性效应的情况,采用李雅普诺夫一级近似方法,给出了弹道顶点附近弹体锥形运动的稳定判据,并通过数值仿真验证了其正确性.     

体育馆大跨屋盖空间风振分析

采用高效的完全背景响应法与共振分量法,结合有限元法对某体育馆大跨屋盖进行较为准确的空间风振分析. 在屋盖同步风洞试验的基础上,按空间随机风振分析方法考虑多个振型的影响,计算3个风向下屋盖各节点的静力等效风载荷和最大动位移以及杆件最大动内力,并给出位移和应力两个风振因数,为结构的抗风设计提供风载荷数据. 数值计算结果证明完全背景响应方法与共振分量法在工程应用上的可行性,可为同类屋盖的风振分析提供参考.     

导弹发射动力学分析

导弹武器弹—架系统是导弹发射必须使用的装置,在受到外部作用时其结构会发生振动,对发射精度有较大的影响,所以了解弹—架系统的固有频率是对其振动进行控制的前提。文章通过建立弹架系统有限元模型,利用CAE软件来计算弹—架系统的固有模态以及其在随机载荷下的响应,分析弹体结构的静、动力学性能,验证其对发射精度的精度影响程度。     

大气紊流影响下飞艇水平面内运动分析

大气扰动是影响高空飞艇水平面内运动的重要原因.研究紊流风速对飞艇飞行性能的影响时,大都采用Taylor冻结场假设,但这样建立的紊流风场模型,不适用于飞艇这类低动态飞行器,需要考虑时间变化对紊流风速的影响.首先给出大气紊流的一般性描述,包括相关函数、频谱函数、尺度和强度的选取,然后建立含扰动风参数的水平面内飞艇动力学仿真模型.最后分别将不考虑时间变化的扰动风和考虑时间变化的扰动风加到飞艇动力学模型上,进行仿真分析.仿真结果表明,考虑时间变化后的紊流风速模型能真实反映飞艇对大气紊流响应的随机特性.     

导弹动基座垂直发射出筒过程仿真分析

研究导弹潜载发射技术问题,水下垂直发射导弹的出筒姿态是影响其技战术性能的重要因素.为了确保发射率,提高姿态的稳定性,通过建立动基座水下垂射导弹的动力学模型,用数值仿真的方法研究了减震环抗压刚度、占空比和附加质量等发射条件对导弹在横向流作用下的受力和出筒姿态的影响.随着减震环抗压刚度和占空比的增大,导弹的出筒姿态渐优,但整个弹体和减震环的压缩振动的振幅和频率明显增大,导致弹体的工作环境恶化;弹体附加质量对整个发射过程的动力学参数影响较大.在上述条件下进行仿真的结果,对弹道出筒姿态影响因素的量化研究和对导弹发射系统的优化设计提供了参考依据.     

空空导弹大攻角俯仰自动驾驶仪设计

研究导弹自动驾驶仪优化控制问题,针对空空导弹在大攻角飞行过程中,系统的空气动力学特性存在强非线性耦合和参数不确定性,引起系统稳定性差.为了提高系统性能,在导弹俯仰运动的非线性数学模型的基础上,以导弹攻角为被控信号,舵偏角指令为输入信号,提出采用反馈线性化方法对导弹模型进行线性化,然后运用变结构控制理论进行控制器设计.控制器结构简单,易于实现,能够抑制被控对象中存在的不确定性.并通过数学仿真与全状态反馈控制方法设计的控制器进行了比较.结果表明采用反馈线性化和滑模变结构方法设计的控制系统对气动参数摄动和外部扰动具有较强的鲁棒性.     

新型复合结构燃气舵动力学特性仿真研究

研究了一种新型复合结构燃气舵动力学特性问题。针对传统采用钨渗铜材料的燃气舵重量大、价格贵、工作效率低等问题,提出了一种新型的由高温合金钢(30CrMnSiA)骨架和耐高温的碳/酚醛复合材料模压制成的复合结构燃气舵。利用Ansys软件对新型复合结构燃气舵的三种不同骨架结构进行了模态分析及瞬态动应力分析。得到了三种舵片的固有频率及相应振型以及在固定冲击载荷作用下燃气舵的瞬态动应力响应曲线及变形响应特性。仿真研究表明,新型复合结构燃气舵具有良好的尺寸稳定性、低密度、价格低廉等优点,且结构动力学特性满足实际工程要求。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。