包覆成孔剂法制备高性能多孔氮化硅陶瓷工艺

为了制备高强度且分布均匀的氮化硅陶瓷,采用包覆成孔剂法改进普通添加成孔剂的方法,常压烧结氮化硅多孔陶瓷,采用阿基米德法、三点弯曲法分别测试材料的孔隙率及抗弯强度,用扫描电镜和光学放大镜对氮化硅多孔陶瓷显微结构和表观结构进行研究.结果表明,添加包覆过的成孔剂强度比添加未包覆的成孔剂强度高,孔隙率为50%时,强度增加近一倍.强度的提高归因于特殊的微观结构,即气孔的均匀分布和孔与孔之间相间隔分布.     

造孔剂法制备硅藻土基多孔陶瓷及其性能研究

以硅藻土和烧结助剂为原料、聚苯乙烯(PS)为有机造孔剂,采用热压铸工艺,在1 150℃/2 h条件下制备了孔隙率为50%～60%的硅藻土多孔陶瓷,分别研究烧结助剂含量、造孔剂粒径及含量对多孔陶瓷孔隙率、孔径和微观结构的影响,进一步研究多孔陶瓷的孔隙率、孔径与陶瓷平均吸油速率的关系。结果表明：当硅藻土粒径为25μm、烧结助剂含量为13%(质量分数,下同),造孔剂粒径为30μm且添加含量为20%时,制备的多孔陶瓷的开放孔隙率可高达60%;平均吸油速率随多孔陶瓷孔径和孔隙率增大而提高,其中孔径的影响更大,当孔径由9.3μm增大到28.8μm时,平均吸油速率由1.1 mg/s提高到3.6 mg/s。     

多孔PZT95/5铁电陶瓷的机械性能和铁电性能研究

采用添加造孔剂的方法制备多孔锆钛酸铅(PZT95/5)铁电陶瓷, 研究了孔结构包括孔隙率、孔径及孔形状对多孔PZT95/5陶瓷机械性能和电性能的影响及机理, 并揭示多孔PZT95/5陶瓷微观结构、机械性能和铁电性能的内在联系。研究表明: 孔隙率的增加降低了多孔PZT95/5陶瓷的声阻抗, 改善了陶瓷与封装材料的声阻抗匹配. 孔隙率增加, 多孔PZT95/5陶瓷的屈服应力和剩余极化强度降低, 矫顽场强增大。孔结构对多孔PZT95/5陶瓷屈服应力的影响可由应力集中理论解释; 多孔PZT95/5陶瓷剩余极化强度随孔结构的变化可用内应力结合空间电荷理论加以解释。     

耐高温、高强度隔热复合材料研究进展

新型航天飞行器大面积热防护系统中,外部的防隔热层和机体内部冷结构之间一般需要用耐高温、高强度的隔热材料进行连接。在高温工业领域,隔热材料需要同时发挥隔热、承重功能。具有耐高温、高强度、低热导率性能的隔热材料在航空航天、高温工业等领域具有广阔的应用前景。多孔陶瓷因为其独特的多孔结构,具有较高的孔隙率、较低的热导率,被广泛应用于隔热领域。但多孔陶瓷材料的高孔隙率导致其强度较低,因此,近年来除开发新型高强度多孔陶瓷材料外,主要从选择合适的增强纤维和制备工艺优化方面不断提高多孔陶瓷材料的强度。目前,以纤维为增强体的纤维增强多孔陶瓷基复合材料,或者以纤维为基体的纤维多孔陶瓷材料研究成果较为丰硕,在充分发挥多孔陶瓷低热导率优势的同时大幅度提高了材料的强度。在具有较低热导率的多孔陶瓷基复合材料中,纤维增强纳米孔气凝胶隔热复合材料具有独特的纳米孔结构,其孔隙率很高、热导率很低且具有一定的强度;纤维多孔陶瓷具有由纤维与粘结剂构成的微米孔,孔隙率较高,其热导率虽高于气凝胶隔热复合材料,但强度较高、耐温性较好;纤维增强氧化物陶瓷基复合材料强度很高、耐温性也较好,但孔隙率较低、热导率较高。本文归纳了国内外耐高温、高强度隔热复合材料的研究进展,分别对纤维增强气凝胶隔热复合材料、纤维多孔陶瓷隔热材料、纤维增强氧化物陶瓷基复合材料的制备方法与相关性能进行介绍,分析了耐高温、高强度隔热复合材料面临的问题并展望其前景。     

蜡球造孔法制备多孔HA陶瓷支架及其性能优化

组织工程支架的贯通性对其体内生物学表现具有重要影响。采用甲壳素溶胶体系和蜡球造孔剂制备多孔羟基磷灰石(HA)陶瓷支架, 考查在相同模压条件下, 不同浆料/造孔剂比例对多孔HA陶瓷支架的孔隙率、收缩率、贯通性、多孔结构以及抗压强度的影响。结果表明: 该方法可以制备具有高孔隙的多孔HA陶瓷支架, 随着造孔剂比例的增大, 支架的贯通性更好, 当浆料/造孔剂比例为1:1.2时可以得到孔隙率、贯通性、力学性能最优的多孔HA陶瓷支架。     

原位反应法制备晶须增强多孔陶瓷研究进展

多孔陶瓷在排放控制、医疗、油气开采、能源及复合材料制备等方面都有广泛应用。晶须增强多孔陶瓷具有独特的微观结构和优良的力学性能,已成为多孔陶瓷的研究热点之一。介绍了固相反应烧结法、直接发泡法、冷冻注模法、有机泡沫浸渍法、添加造孔剂法等原位反应方法制备晶须多孔陶瓷的技术和晶须生长机制,并提出了未来的研究方向。     

自蔓延高温合成Al2O3-TiO—TiO2复相多孔陶瓷

自蔓延高温合成（SHS）是制备多孔陶瓷的一种新兴方法。作者将传统制备方法中的发泡技术引入到SHS中，以Al并口TiO2为原料，并辅助以高温发泡剂，制备出了Al2O3-TiO-TiO2复相多孔陶瓷。使用SEM和XRD进行了分析表征。宏观和金相显微观察测得Al2O3-TiO—TiO2复相多孔陶瓷具有毫米级和微米级的孔梯度，用阿基米德法测得其显孔隙率为35％～50％。研究表明：添加适量的高温发泡剂可增大Al2O3-TiO—TiO2复相多孔陶瓷的显孔隙率，但剂量超过0．5（摩尔分数）后，显孔隙率的变化不大；添加SiO2能够提高Al2O3-TiO—TiO2复相多孔陶瓷抗压强度，但是却会降低其显孔隙率。     

凝胶注模成型法制备多孔羟基磷灰石陶瓷

采用凝胶注模成型工艺制备了多孔羟基磷灰石陶瓷,并通过X射线分析了多孔陶瓷的相成分,采用扫描电镜观测了孔隙结构和形貌.结果表明,所制备的多孔羟基磷灰石陶瓷的孔隙率均大于80%;孔隙尺寸主要分布在350～600μm,孔壁上存在孔径为60～190μm的贯通孔;X射线衍射证明烧结过程未引入异质成分.所制备的多孔羟基磷灰石陶瓷具有适宜的孔隙直径和孔隙率,且孔隙间具有良好的贯通性.     

生物医用多孔镁的制备及其耐蚀性能研究

选用球形雾化镁粉作为原料,碳酸氢铵做造孔剂,采用粉末冶金法制备出孔径和孔隙率可控的多孔镁。研究了不同孔隙率的多孔镁在仿生体液(SBF)中的腐蚀性能,以及通过碱处理和碱热处理对多孔镁进行表面改性,以提高其在仿生体液中的耐腐蚀性。通过XRD、SEM分别对所制备的多孔镁及表面处理后样品的物相组成、微观形貌进行分析。结果表明:制备的多孔镁具有联通孔、孔径和孔隙率可控等优异性能;多孔镁的腐蚀速率随孔隙率的增加而增高;通过碱处理和碱热处理等表面改性,均有效的提高了试样的耐腐蚀性能,但碱热处理效果最佳。     

多孔钨孔结构的测试方法

采用3种不同粒度的钨粉经过成型、烧结,制备了不同孔隙率的多孔钨。使用排液法、压汞法、扫描电镜测试了多孔钨的孔结构特征。结果表明:排液法和压汞法结合可获得多孔钨总孔隙率、开孔率、孔径分布、闭孔率等孔结构参数,结合扫描电镜测试可对多孔钨的孔结构进行综合评价。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.