薄膜太阳能电池的技术特点及前景展望

本文着重阐述了非晶硅薄膜电池、多晶硅薄膜电池、铜铟硒系薄膜太阳能电池以及染料敏化二氧化钛薄膜太阳能电池生产技术方法以及研究方向，特别介绍了一些薄膜太阳能电池的实验室样品和组件的最高光电转化效率。并从材料、工艺与转换效率等方面讨论了它们的优势和不足之处。同时介绍了国内外薄膜太阳电池研究的进展，展望了薄膜太阳能电池的发展前景。     

柔性染料敏化太阳能电池和柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池关键电极材料研究进展

柔性太阳能电池具有轻便、可弯曲的优点,可用于可穿戴设备等器件的即时充电,具有广阔的应用前景,受到持续广泛的关注。柔性太阳能电池制备中的关键在于基材以及与之相关的电极材料的制备。本文综述了柔性染料敏化太阳能电池和柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池近几年的发展情况,着重介绍了柔性染料敏化太阳能电池光阳极、对电极以及柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池的底电极和电子传输层。结果发现高温烧结目前仍是制备高效染料敏化太阳能电池光阳极不可避免的方法,而对电极则不受这一限制并且已经有多种材料的效率超过了高温烧结的铂。柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池的研究重点是用其他材料代替底电极中柔性较差的ITO以及高温烧结的电子传输材料TiO₂,并且都取得显著成效。在此基础上,展望了柔性染料敏化太阳能电池和柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池未来的发展方向。     

固态纳晶染料敏化太阳能电池研究进展

太阳能转化为电能是太阳能利用的最有潜力的方法之一。染料敏化纳晶TiO2多孔薄膜太阳能电池以其独特的工作原理，廉价的生产成本等突出的优点，引起了世界的广泛地关注。近年来发展极其迅速。[编按]     

薄膜太阳能电池的研究进展

综述了目前国际上研究得最多的几种薄膜太阳能电池材料的研究现状和各自的最新进展.包括硅基类(非晶硅、多晶硅、微晶硅)、无机化合物类(碲化镉、铜铟硒、砷化镓)、有机类、染料敏化(二氧化钛、氧化锌)等,并从材料、工艺和转换效率等方面比较和讨论了它们各自性能的优劣,最后展望了这些薄膜太阳能电池材料未来的研究方向及应用前景.     

非晶硅太阳能电池研究现状

综述了非晶硅太阳能电池的研究现状,讨论了非晶硅太阳能电池的制备方法,发展及趋势,总结了影响非晶硅太阳能电池性能的一些因素。     

原子层沉积技术在新型太阳能电池中的应用

原子层沉积技术(ALD)是一项正处于发展之中、在许多领域具有巨大应用前景的新型材料制备技术,该技术在纳米结构和纳米复合结构的制备方面显示出独特的优势,在新型薄膜太阳能电池领域呈现出巨大的发展潜力和前景。首先概述了ALD技术的工作原理,简要介绍了近几年ALD技术在硅基太阳能电池和铜铟镓硒薄膜电池(CIGS)中的应用,然后重点综述了原子层沉积纳米功能薄膜在染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSCs)和有机-无机杂化钙钛矿太阳能电池(PSCs)为代表的新型薄膜太阳能电池中的应用。最后,总结了原子层沉积功能薄膜的特点和优势,展望了ALD在新能源材料与器件领域的应用前景和发展趋势。     

太阳能电池研究进展

能源短缺和环境污染已成为影响经济社会发展的重要因素,能否获得无污染的能源成为当今社会关注的焦点之一。太阳能作为一种洁净的可再生能源得到了越来越多的重视。当前,在核电的安全问题日益突出的情况下,太阳能电池被认为是解决能源衰竭和环境污染等一系列重大问题的最佳选择。目前,许多国家正在制订中长期太阳能开发计划,准备在21世纪大规模开发太阳能。太阳能电池将太阳能直接转化为电能,是有效利用太阳能的最佳途径之一。综述了国内外包括单晶硅太阳能电池、多晶硅太阳能电池、薄膜太阳能电池等在内的太阳能电池的研究进展,对其制备技术、性能、转化效率以及应用领域进行了总结,讨论了它们各自的优势和劣势,并就太阳能电池未来的发展进行了展望。     

碳材料在染料敏化太阳能电池和钙钛矿太阳能电池对电极中的应用进展

染料敏化太阳能电池和钙钛矿太阳能电池是目前太阳能电池领域的研究热点,但这两种电池中使用的传统对电极材料,如Pt和Au等稀有且价格昂贵,不利于大规模量产。碳材料作为除Pt,Au等之外的另一种候选材料,其种类丰富且成本低廉,作为对电极应用在这两类电池中具有逐渐接近甚至超越传统电池的光电转换效率,表现出良好的应用前景。本文综述了作为两类电池对电极的碳材料具备的结构、性能及对电池光伏性能的影响,着重介绍各种形式的碳材料应用于对电极的最新研究进展,并指出现有研究存在的局限性与待解决的问题,讨论了碳材料对电极未来的研究方向。     

高效率双结钙钛矿叠层太阳能电池研究进展

以钙钛矿电池为顶电池的叠层太阳电池发展迅速,成为太阳能光伏领域的研究热点之一。随着电池结构和制备工艺的优化,叠层电池的光电转换效率快速提升,单片钙钛矿/晶硅叠层电池的效率已达到31.3%。本综述对近年来以宽带隙钙钛矿电池作为顶子电池、晶体硅电池及其他新型中窄带隙电池(钙钛矿电池、有机电池、铜铟镓硒(CIGS)电池)作为底子电池的叠层电池的研究进展进行了系统梳理,总结了叠层电池的顶电池、中间互联层和底电池的材料、结构及光电性能等方面的关键技术及难点,希望能够为进一步提升叠层电池效率提供一些思路。并对未来低成本高效叠层太阳能电池的光学和电学优化需求做出了分析与展望。     

柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池研究进展

近年来,柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池由于具有质量轻、成本低、形状可塑、适用性广等优点,成为了太阳能电池领域炙手可热的研究课题。目前,该类柔性电池的最高光电转换效率已超过16%。本文针对柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池的结构及其柔性衬底,介绍了其主要的研究方向和目前的研究进展,并探讨了柔性钙钛矿太阳能领域面临的主要问题与挑战,最后展望了柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池的发展。     

Historical Analysis of High-Efficiency,Large-Area Solar Cells: Toward Upscaling of Perovskite Solar Cells

The status and problems of upscaling research on perovskite solar cells, which must be addressed for commercialization efforts to be successful, are investigated. An 804 cm² perovskite solar module has been reported with 17.9% efficiency, which is significantly lower than the champion perovskite solar cell efficiency of 25.2% reported for a 0.09 cm² aperture area. For the realization of upscaling high-quality perovskite solar cells, the upscaling and development history of conventional silicon, copper indium gallium sulfur/selenide and CdTe solar cells, which are already commercialized with modules of sizes up to ≈25 000 cm², are reviewed. GaAs, organic, dye-sensitized solar cells and perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells are also reviewed. The similarities of the operating mechanisms between the various solar cells and the origin of different development pathway are investigated, and the ideal upscaling direction of perovskite solar cells is subsequently proposed. It is believed that lessons learned from the historical analysis of various solar cells provide a fundamental diagnosis of relative and absolute development status of perovskite solar cells. The unique perspective proposed here can pave the way toward the upscaling of perovskite solar cells.     

Low-Cost Counter-Electrode Materials for Dye-Sensitized and Perovskite Solar Cells

It is undoubtable that the use of solar energy will continue to increase. Solar cells that convert solar energy directly to electricity are one of the most convenient and important photoelectric conversion devices. Though silicon-based solar cells and thin-film solar cells have been commercialized, developing low-cost and highly efficient solar cells to meet future needs is still a long-term challenge. Some emerging solar-cell types, such as dye-sensitized and perovskite, are approaching acceptable performance levels, but their costs remain too high. To obtain a higher performance–price ratio, it is necessary to find new low-cost counter materials to replace conventional precious metal electrodes (Pt, Au, and Ag) in these emerging solar cells. In recent years, the number of counter-electrode materials available, and their scope for further improvement, has expanded for dye-sensitized and perovskite solar cells. Generally regular patterns in the intrinsic features and structural design of counter materials for emerging solar cells, in particular from an electrochemical perspective and their effects on cost and efficiency, are explored. It is hoped that this recapitulative analysis will help to make clear what has been achieved and what still remains for the development of cost-effective counter-electrode materials in emerging solar cells.     

Metal Cations in Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells: Progress and Perspective

Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) have revolutionized photovoltaics since the first prototype in 2009, and up to now the highest efficiency has soared to 24.2%, which is on par with commercial thin film cells and not far from monocrystalline silicon solar cells. Optimizing device performance and improving stability have always been the research highlight of PVSCs. Metal cations are introduced into perovskites to further optimize the quality, and this strategy is showing a vigorous development trend. Here, the progress of research into metal cations for PVSCs is discussed by focusing on the position of the cations in perovskites, the modulation of the film quality, and the influence on the photovoltaic performance. Metal cations are considered in the order of alkali cations, alkaline earth cations, then metal cations in the ds and d regions, and ultimately trivalent cations (p‐ and f‐block metal cations) according to the periodic table of elements. Finally, this work is summarized and some relevant issues are discussed.     

NiO层作为空穴传输层的钙钛矿太阳能电池的制备和性能研究

有机-无机杂化钙钛矿太阳能电池因具有光吸收强、载流子扩散长度长等优点,近年来在光伏领域吸引了广泛的关注,其中,无机NiO薄膜在电池结构中作为空穴传输层已发展成为钙钛矿电池研究的重要方向。采用溶液旋涂法制备了NiO薄膜,系统优化了不同烧结温度和不同浓度条件下NiO薄膜对钙钛矿电池性能的影响。采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射、紫外-可见分光光度计、电流-电压测试、光量子效率等方法分别观察和分析了NiO薄膜以及相应电池的光电性能。结果表明:溶液旋涂法制备的NiO薄膜具有良好的覆盖性、非常低的表面粗糙度,当制备NiO的预制溶液浓度为0.05mol/L,NiO的烧结温度为500℃时,获得了最优的电池性能,最高电池转换效率为14.62%。     

Integrated Perovskite/Bulk-Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells

The recently emerged integrated perovskite/bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells (IPOSCs) without any recombination layers have generated wide attention. This type of device structure can take the advantages of tandem cells using both perovskite solar and near-infrared (NIR) BHJ organic solar materials for wide-range sunlight absorption and the simple fabrication of single junction cells, as the low bandgap BHJ layer can provide additional light harvesting in the NIR region and the high open-circuit voltage can be maintained at the same time. This progress report highlights the recent developments in such IPOSCs and the possible challenges ahead. In addition, the recent development of perovskite solar cells and NIR organic solar cells is also covered to fully underline the importance and potential of IPOSCs.     

钙钛矿太阳能电池材料的研究进展

钙钛矿太阳能电池的研究在近5年内迅速发展,已经成为非常有活力的研究领域,在较短的时间内电池的效率得到了显著的提升。钙钛矿太阳能电池中钙钛矿材料的研究对于提高电池的效率有着重要的意义。本文综述了近年来在钙钛矿层制备方法、新材料的合成等方面存在的主要问题和研究进展。对各种制备方法的特点及改进优化进行了详细的介绍,并分析了新材料合成的必要性和所面临的问题。最后,指出了在降低钙钛矿毒性、大面积制备钙钛矿太阳能电池,以及降低成本等方面的研究前景,为今后高效、稳定的钙钛矿太阳能电池的研究提供方向。     

钙钛矿薄膜缺陷调控策略在太阳能电池中的应用

研究钙钛矿晶体缺陷对于推动钙钛矿太阳能电池的发展至关重要.缺陷不仅会引起大量非辐射复合,而且会造成器件稳定性下降.为降低材料缺陷对光伏性能的影响,有必要深入了解钙钛矿薄膜缺陷的种类及抑制方法.根据电子特性,缺陷可分为富电子缺陷和缺电子缺陷.利用Lewis酸碱理论,富电子缺陷可以被Lewis酸钝化,而缺电子缺陷可以被Le...     

Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells: From Materials and Devices to Applications

Semitransparent solar cells (ST-SCs) have received great attention due to their promising application in many areas, such as building integrated photovoltaics (BIPVs), tandem devices, and wearable electronics. In the past decade, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have revolutionized the field of photovoltaics (PVs) with their high efficiencies and facile preparation processes. Due to their large absorption coefficient and bandgap tunability, perovskites offer new opportunities to ST-SCs. Here, a general overview is provided on the recent advances in ST-PSCs from materials and devices to applications and some personal perspectives on the future development of ST-PSCs.     

钙钛矿太阳能电池的研究进展

作为一种新型清洁可再生能源,钙钛矿太阳能电池(Perovskite solar cells,PSC)从发展至今已取得了重大的突破,成为研究的热点。主要介绍了钙钛矿太阳能电池的基本结构和工作原理及电子传输层、钙钛矿层、空穴传输层的制备方法,以及在发展过程中所面临的技术问题,最后展望了钙钛矿太阳能电池未来的研究重点及发展前景。