Persistent deNOx Ability of CaAl2O4:(Eu, Nd)/TiO2-xNy Luminescent Photocatalyst

CaAl2O4:(Eu, Nd)/TiO2-xNy composite luminescent photocatalyst was successfully synthesized by a simple planetary ball milling process. Improvement of photocatalytic deNOx ability of TiO2-xNy, together with the persistent photocatalytic activity for the decomposition of NO after turning off the light were realized, by coupling TiO2-xNy with long afterglow phosphor, CaAl2O4:(Eu, Nd). The novel persistent photocatalytic behavior was related to the overlap between the absorption wavelength of TiO2-xNy and the emission wavelength of the CaAl2O4:(Eu, Nd). It was found that CaAl2O4:(Eu, Nd)/TiO2-xNy composites provided the luminescence to persist photocatalytic reaction for more than 3 h after turning off the light. GRAPHICAL CaAl2O4:(Eu, Nd)/TiO2-xNy composite luminescent photocatalyst with persistent deNOx activity after turning off the light was successfully synthesized by a simple planetary ball milling process. The novel persistent photocatalytic behavior was related to the overlap between the absorption wavelength of TiO2-xNy and the emission wavelength of the CaAl2O4:(Eu, Nd).     

Microwave‐Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis of Fe2O3‐Sensitized SrTiO3 and its Luminescent Photocatalytic deNOx Activity with CaAl2O4:(Eu,Nd) Assistance

This work focused on the synthesis of high‐activity strontium titanate (SrTiO₃) photocatalysts through an environmentally friendly process. A high energy‐efficient microwave‐assisted hydrothermal method was employed to prepare Fe‐loaded SrTiO₃ that consisted of small particles around 50 nm in diameter. To achieve the effective assistance of long‐lasting fluorescence, the obtained Fe‐loaded SrTiO₃ samples were coupled with CaAl₂O₄:(Eu, Nd). The photocatalytic activities were evaluated by the photo‐decomposition of NO. Fe loaded SrTiO₃ showed high photocatalytic activities not only under visible light irradiation but also in the dark with fluorescence assistance.     

燃烧法合成CaAl2O4:Eu2+,Nd3+长余辉材料

利用硝酸盐和尿素的氧化还原反应,通过燃烧合成法在较低的温度下合成了蓝紫色长余辉发光材料CaAl2O4：Eu^2 ,Nd^3 研究了炉温和可燃物等对发光材料性能的影响。结果表明：反应物置于温度为500℃的高温炉中发生点火燃烧得到的产物性能最好,其发射光谱的最强峰波长在450nm左右,与高温固相反应法比,激发光谱和发射光谱没有明显变化,燃烧法生成物的产物分散性好,制备过程具有合成温度低、反应时间短等优点。     

Luminescent properties and energy transfer mechanism of NaGd(MoO4)2:Sm3+, Eu3+ phosphors

Sm³⁺ singly doped NaGd(MoO₄)₂ and Sm³⁺, Eu³⁺ co-doped NaGd(MoO₄)₂ phosphors by using sodium citrate as chelating agent were synthesized via hydrothermal method. The structure and morphology were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). During the synthesis process, the Na₃Cit concentration plays a crucial role in determining the morphology and particle size of the products. The optimal doping concentration in Sm³⁺ singly doped NaGd(MoO₄)₂ phosphor was confirmed. The relevant parameters of energy transfer in the NaGd(MoO₄)₂: Sm³⁺, Eu³⁺ phosphors have been calculated based on the fluorescent dynamic analysis. Finally, on the analysis of luminescent spectra and fluorescent dynamics, the main energy transfer mechanism between Sm³⁺ and Eu³⁺ in NaGd(MoO₄)₂ phosphor is confirmed to be electric dipole-dipole interaction, and energy transfer pathway is from ⁴G_5/2 state of Sm³⁺ to ⁵D₀ state of Eu³⁺ rather than ⁵D₁ of Eu³⁺ ions.     

三维有序大孔 Fe/N/TiO2复合型光催化剂制备及光催化性能研究

以一定比例钛酸四丁酯、乙醇、醋酸、硝酸铁、尿素和水配制的溶胶溶液为前驱体,对聚苯乙烯(PS)胶晶模板进行填充固化,并通过煅烧去除模板,得到三维有序大孔(3DOM) Fe/N/TiO2新型复合光催化剂材料.分别在紫外和可见光条件下,利用获得的3DOM Fe/N/TiO2复合光催化剂降解甲基橙有机废水.研究结果表明,3DOM Fe/N/TiO2材料在紫外和可见光条件下均具有良好的光催化降解能力,并且具有良好的再生循环使用能力.     

Hierarchical Nanoflowers of MgFe2O4, Bentonite and B-,P- Co-Doped Graphene Oxide as Adsorbent and Photocatalyst: Optimization of Parameters by Box–Behnken Methodology

In the present study, nanocomposites having hierarchical nanoflowers (HNFs) -like morphology were synthesized by ultra-sonication approach. HNFs were ternary composite of MgFe₂O₄ and bentonite with boron-, phosphorous- co-doped graphene oxide (BPGO). The HNFs were fully characterized using different analytical tools viz. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersion spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometry and Mössbauer analysis. Transmission electron micrographs showed that chiffon-like BPGO nanosheets were wrapped on the MgFe₂O₄-bentonite surface, resulting in a porous flower-like morphology. The red-shift in XPS binding energies of HNFs as compared to MgFe₂O₄-bentoniteand BPGO revealed the presence of strong interactions between the two materials. Box–Behnken statistical methodology was employed to optimize adsorptive and photocatalytic parameters using Pb(II) and malathion as model pollutants, respectively. HNFs exhibited excellent adsorption ability for Pb(II) ions, with the Langmuir adsorption capacity of 654 mg g⁻¹ at optimized pH 6.0 and 96% photocatalytic degradation of malathion at pH 9.0 as compared to MgFe₂O₄-bentonite and BPGO. Results obtained in this study clearly indicate that HNFs are promising nanocomposite for the removal of inorganic and organic contaminants from the aqueous solutions.     

Luminescent properties of SrAl2O4: Eu,Dy material prepared by the gel method

SrAl₂O₄:Eu,Dy materials were first prepared by the gel method. Compared with samples prepared by solid state reactions, the grain size of the gel method is greatly reduced to nanometer grade. A clear blue shift occurs in the excitation and emission spectra of nano SrAl₂O₄:Eu,Dy, of which the peak of the excitation and emission spectra are at 323 and 500 nm respectively. The brightness of nano SrAl₂O₄:Eu,Dy is greatly reduced. The blue shift and the change of luminescent intensity in nano SrAl₂O₄:Eu,Dy materials can be attributed to the effect of surface energy.     

Optical properties of Eu3+/Pr3+ doped Zn4O(BO2)6 synthesized by solid-state reaction

Zn₄O(BO₂)₆ based on the [B₂₄O₄₈] sodalite-cage structure fixed by the inside [Zn₄O₁₃] clusters is expected to be a new class of solid-state lighting material with perfect thermal and mechanical stability. Herein, in the current work, we have respectively introduced non-equivalent rare-earth cations Eu³⁺ and Pr³⁺ into Zn₄O(BO₂)₆ host to design white and green emission materials by a novel solid-phase sintering method at lower temperatures. Zn₂B₆O₁₁ replacing B₂O₃ or H₃BO₃ as raw materials can effectively avoid the impure products caused by the uncontrollable volatilization of B₂O₃ or H₃BO_3. The newly designed light-emitting materials of Zn_4(1-x)O(BO₂)₆: xRe³⁺ (ReEu or Pr), including Zn₄O(BO₂)₆ host, have good absorption capacity in the ultraviolet region. Under ultraviolet irradiation, Zn₄O(BO₂)₆, Zn_4(1-x)O(BO₂)₆: xEu³⁺and Zn_4(1-x)O(BO₂)₆: xPr³⁺ emit the blue, white and green lights, respectively. In addition, all these materials can effectively degrade methylene blue, in which Zn_4(1-x)O(BO₂)₆: xPr³⁺ has the highest efficiency. The luminescence and degradation mechanisms of Zn₄O(BO₂)₆, Zn_4(1-x)O(BO₂)₆: xEu³⁺and Zn_4(1-x)O(BO₂)₆: xPr³⁺ have been adequately explained by their electronic structures based on the first principle calculations. The current study confirms that the doping of Eu³⁺/Pr³⁺ in Zn₄O(BO₂)₆ can broaden its applications as photoluminescent and photocatalytic materials.     

Synthesis and photoluminescence properties of MgAl(PO4)O:Eu red phosphor for white LEDs

Eu³⁺-activated MgAl(PO₄)O:phosphor has been synthesized by a high temperature solid state reaction and efficient red emission under near-ultraviolet excitation is observed. The emission spectrum shows a dominant peak at 594 nm due to the ⁵D₀→⁷F₁ transition of Eu³⁺. The excitation spectrum is coupled well with the emission of UV LED (350–410 nm). The effect of Eu³⁺ concentration on the luminescent properties of MgAl(PO₄)O:Eu³⁺ and the mechanism of concentration quenching of Eu³⁺ are studied. The results show that MgAl(PO₄)O:Eu³⁺ is a promising red-emitting phosphor for white LEDs.     

高亮度钒磷酸钇铕荧光粉的制备

以氧化钇、氧化铕为原料,以偏钒酸铵、磷酸氢二铵作沉淀剂,采用共沉淀法制得Y(VxP1-x)O4:Eu3 。通过扫描电镜XRD、发射和激光光谱以及发光亮度测试,与高温固相法相比,共沉淀法合成的钒磷酸钇铕粒度更小、分布更均匀,且发光亮度更佳。改变样品中V/P的物质的量之比,可以调节其发光效果。     

Effects of the deep traps on the thermal‐stability property of CaAl2O4: Eu2+ phosphor

The thermal quenching properties and mechanisms of phosphors employed in white light emitting diodes (wLEDs) are critical for their commercial application. Here, we attempted to characterize the deep traps for capturing and releasing carriers to improve the thermal stability of the blue‐emitting CaAl₂O₄: Eu²⁺, Tm³⁺ phosphors. The enhanced thermal stability contributed to the introduction of traps has been demonstrated, and the mechanism of the transport process of carriers, has been explored in detail. In comparison with Eu²⁺ doped sample, the co‐doped Tm³⁺ samples bring more deep traps. The releasing of carriers in deep traps therefore sustains the luminescence with increasing temperature and compensates the thermal luminescence intensity loss. The results provide a theoretical basis and new field of view for exploring excellent thermal stability phosphors for wLEDs.     

CaxSr(1-x)Al2O4:Eu2+磷光体的制备及性能研究

采用高温固相合成法还原气氛中分别制备了CaxSr(1-x)Al2O4:Eu2 (x≤0.5)发光粉,其发射光范围为蓝绿色到黄色.合成温度为1 200℃,激活剂Eu2 的最佳摩尔浓度为0.6%,并研究了SrCO3与Al2O3比值、CaCO3的添加量对发光材料发光性能的影响.实验中四硼酸钠·十水作为添加剂,不仅起到了助熔的作用,还提高了磷光体的余辉发光性能.     

Phase formation and spectral evolution of (Sr,Ba)2Si(O,N)4:Eu2+ phosphors

Sr_2‐xBa_xSi(O,N)₄:Eu²⁺ (SB_xSON:Eu²⁺) oxynitridosilicate phosphors were prepared via incorporation of N^3?, Eu²⁺, and Ba²⁺ ions into Sr₂SiO₄ (SSO) lattices. X‐ray diffraction patterns of the prepared powders revealed that SB_xSON:Eu²⁺ was a solid‐solution form of SSO. An increase in x values caused a phase transition and an expansion of the unit cell. The photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectra of SB_xSON:Eu²⁺ were broad, covering the ultraviolet range to the visible range. Corresponding PL emission spectra strongly depended on the excitation wavelengths and consisted of two emission bands, one in the green‐blue region (A‐band) and the other in the red region (B‐band), which were assigned to Eu(I) and Eu(II), respectively. The B‐band resulted from a dramatic red‐shift of the green emission band assigned to Eu(II) of SSO:Eu²⁺, revealing that the nitridation process preferentially affected the Eu(II) sites. This behavior was explained by crystal field splitting, the fluorescence decay time, and thermal quenching. The Ba²⁺ substitution caused evolution of the PL spectra, and its effects on the spectra were discussed under consideration of ionic size and covalence.     

Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Effects of the Red Ginseng Essential Oil in H(2)O(2)-Treated HepG2 Cells and CCl(4)-Treated Mice

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant mechanisms of red ginseng essential oil (REO) in cells as well as in an animal model. REO was prepared by a supercritical CO(2) extraction of waste-products generated after hot water extraction of red ginseng. In HepG2 cells, REO diminished the H(2)O(2)-mediated oxidative stress and also restored both the activity and expression of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Administration of REO inhibited the phosphorylation of upstream mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) such as c-Jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and p38. In mice, the CCl(4)-mediated elevation of serum aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase as well as the induction of hepatic lipid peroxidation were decreased by REO administration. REO treatments also resulted in up-regulation of the antioxidant enzyme expression in the liver. Moreover, increased phosphorylations of MAPKs were inhibited after REO administration. Overall, REO seems to protect the liver from oxidative stress through the activation and induction of antioxidant enzymes via inhibition of MAPKs pathways.     

Characterization of epitaxial GaAs MOS capacitors using atomic layer-deposited TiO2/Al2O3 gate stack: study of Ge auto-doping and p-type Zn doping

ABSTRACT: Electrical and physical properties of a metal-oxide-semiconductor [MOS] structure using atomic layer-deposited high-k dielectrics (TiO2/Al2O3) and epitaxial GaAs [epi-GaAs] grown on Ge(100) substrates have been investigated. The epi-GaAs, either undoped or Zn-doped, was grown using metal-organic chemical vapor deposition method at 620°C to 650°C. The diffusion of Ge atoms into epi-GaAs resulted in auto-doping, and therefore, an n-MOS behavior was observed for undoped and Zn-doped epi-GaAs with the doping concentration up to approximately 1017 cm-3. This is attributed to the diffusion of a significant amount of Ge atoms from the Ge substrate as confirmed by the simulation using SILVACO software and also from the secondary ion mass spectrometry analyses. The Zn-doped epi-GaAs with a doping concentration of approximately 1018 cm-3 converts the epi-GaAs layer into p-type since the Zn doping is relatively higher than the out-diffused Ge concentration. The capacitance-voltage characteristics show similar frequency dispersion and leakage current for n-type and p-type epi-GaAs layers with very low hysteresis voltage (approximately 10 mV).PACS: 81.15.Gh.     

Nb/N Co-Doped Layered Perovskite Sr2TiO4: Preparation and Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation Tetracycline under Visible Light

Sr₂TiO₄ is a promising photocatalyst for antibiotic degradation in wastewater. The photocatalytic performance of pristine Sr₂TiO₄ is limited to its wide bandgap, especially under visible light. Doping is an effective strategy to enhance photocatalytic performance. In this work, Nb/N co-doped layered perovskite Sr₂TiO₄ (Sr₂TiO₄:N,Nb) with varying percentages (0–5 at%) of Nb were synthesized by sol-gel and calcination. Nb/N co-doping slightly expanded the unit cell of Sr₂TiO₄. Their photocatalytic performance towards antibiotic (tetracycline) was studied under visible light (λ > 420 nm). When Nb/(Nb + Ti) was 2 at%, Sr₂TiO₄:N,Nb(2%) shows optimal photocatalytic performance with the 99% degradation after 60 min visible light irradiation, which is higher than pristine Sr₂TiO₄ (40%). The enhancement in photocatalytic performance is attributed to improving light absorption, and photo-generated charges separation derived from Nb/N co-doping. Sr₂TiO₄:N,Nb(2%) shows good stability after five cycles photocatalytic degradation reaction. The capture experiments confirm that superoxide radical is the leading active species during the photocatalytic degradation process. Therefore, the Nb/N co-doping in this work could be used as an efficient strategy for perovskite-type semiconductor to realize visible light driving for wastewater treatment.     

烧结气氛对合成MgAl2O4-Ti(C,N)复合陶瓷的影响

以金属铝粉、钛白粉和轻烧MgO细粉为原料,通过设计100%焦炭粒(简称C气氛),10%钛白粉 90%焦炭粒(简称TC气氛),以及10%硅微粉 90%焦炭粒(简称SC气氛)3种埋粉条件下的高温烧结还原性气氛,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和微区电子探针分析(EPMA)等手段,研究了铝热还原氮化法(1600℃3h)制备MgAl2O4-Ti(C,N)复合陶瓷在不同烧结气氛下的相组成和显微结构的变化。结果表明在不同气氛下,烧后试样的主要物相均为MgAl2O4和Ti(C,N),Ti(C,N)可能会固溶氧,气氛对Ti(C,N)的影响较大。和单纯埋炭气氛下相比,在TC气氛下有助于Ti(C,N)的生成,但晶粒细小;在SC气氛下不利于Ti(C,N)的生成,且有玻璃相存在。     

Sorption of ethene and ethane on the V2O5(001)/TiO2(001) anatase interface

Simulation techniques have been employed to investigate the differences in the low energy adsorption configurations of ethene and ethane on the TiO₂ supported and unsupported V₂O₅(001) surface. We find that the ethene molecule approaches much closer to thesupported V₂O₅(001) surface which is reflected in the 40 kj mol^–1 higher adsorption energy. The low energy adsorption configuration located for ethane on the supported V₂O₅ shows that the molecule does not approach as close to the supported V₂O₅ surface as does ethene, resulting in the adsorption energy of ethane being 52 kJ mol^–1 lower than that of ethene on the supported V₂O₅ surface.     

La2(MoO4)3:Eu3+纳米红色荧光粉的合成及发光特性

以硬脂酸镧和硬脂酸铕为反应物,采用溶剂热法合成了Eu3+离子掺杂的La2(MoO4)3:Eu3+纳米红色荧光粉。利用TEM、 XRD、FL对其形貌、结构和发光性能进行了表征。研究了溶剂种类、反应时间、反应温度、Eu3+掺杂浓度对产物微观形貌和发光性能的影响。结果表明：以异丙醇为溶剂,反应温度180℃、反应时间12h,得到的样品结晶度高、分散性好、形貌均一,粒径小于100nm。该样品可被近紫外光(391nm)和蓝光(462.5 nm)有效激发,最大发射波长位于613.5 nm,为窄带的红光。La2(MoO4)3:Eu3+的发光强度与Eu3 +离子掺杂浓度有关,其最佳掺杂浓度为15%（摩尔分数）。     

Synthesis,Crystal Structure,and Luminescence Properties of Y4Si2O7N2: Eu2+ Oxynitride Phosphors

Y₄Si₂O₇N₂: Eu²⁺ phosphor has been prepared by a pretreatment method. Reduction in Eu³⁺ ions into Eu²⁺ by the use of hydrogen iodide (HI) is verified by X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) and electrode potential analysis. Y₄Si₂O₇N₂: Eu²⁺ phosphor has a broad emission band in the range of 400–500 nm. Furthermore, the effect of Zr doping on the structure and luminescence properties of Y₄Si₂O₇N₂: Eu²⁺ phosphor is researched. It found that the Zr doping leads to an emission blueshift, and improves the luminescence intensity and thermal quenching behavior of Y₄Si₂O₇N₂: Eu²⁺ phosphors. Prospectively, the pretreatment approach could be extended to develop other Eu²⁺‐doped compounds.