彩色卤化银体系中染料云形成的动力学模型

本文根据彩色卤化银成像体系中显影剂氧化产物（ＱＤＩ）在介质层中扩散－反应的过程，设计了一个描述彩色染料影像最小基元－染料云形成的动力学过程的数学模型．此模型模拟了内含分散性成色剂油珠的介质层中，曝光的卤化银颗粒在彩色显影时，其表面上生成的ＱＤＩ在向颗粒周围作球型扩散的同时，一方面其本身要进行脱氨或磺化反应，另一方面又要与成色剂油珠发生界面偶合反应生成染料，并在颗粒周围形成染料云．此模型不仅可提供彩色卤化银体系中染料云形成细微过程的描述，而且还可提供介质层中染料的径向分布、ＱＤＩ浓度的时空分布以及还原的银量和染料产率等重要结果．     

亚硫酸盐对彩色成像过程的影响

研究了彩色显影液中亚硫酸钠对含内偶青成色剂的卤化银单层片的彩色成像过程的各化学反应、青染料影像的有害吸收以及染料云形态的影响,结果表明亚硫酸钠能(1)提高银影像的形成速度;(2)降低成色剂的表观偶合效率;(3)增加青染料影像的有害吸收;(4)使染料云缩小并且使染料云的分布变窄。     

增感染料与卤化银微晶之间的作用及其聚集态的研究

本文研究了光谱增感染料的结构对立方体卤化银乳剂的感光性能的影响,并利用反射光谱和彩色分析荧光电镜研究了染料在卤化银微晶上的聚集态和Ｊ－聚集体的相对尺寸,通过测定乳剂离子电导率研究了染料的结构对乳剂离子电导率的影响。     

释放显影抑制剂型成色剂在彩色影像形成过程中的动力学研究Ⅱ.DIR和DIAR成色剂对染料影像形成的主反应的影响

继前文测定了成染料成色剂、DIR和DIAR成色剂与QDI的偶合反应的速率常数的基础上,本文进一步研究了DIR和DIAR成色剂对染料影像形成的主反应的作用.研究结果表明其作用(1)DIR或DIAR参与与成染料成色剂竞争QDI的反应,从而控制了QDI在显影银周围的扩散距离,同时也影响了染料的形成速率;(2)DIR和DIAR成色剂在与QDI反应后所释放的显影抑制剂抑制了卤化银的显影进程,从而控制了QDI的形成速率.两种作用的结果都使染料云的尺寸减小.本文还比较了体系中加入等摩尔(mol)量的带有相同抑制基团的DIR或DIAR成色剂的情况下,它们对主反应的影响,结果表明无论是对QDI的竞争作用或对显影的抑制作用,其作用大小都取决于它们与QDI反应的表现速率常数K值.     

二当量成色剂的近代发展

近年来彩色胶卷质量不断提高,体现了高感、微粒、高清晰度及彩色还原好等等优良性能,其中二当量成色剂技术、DIR技术和色罩技术起了重要作用。 众所周知,现代彩色胶片的彩色影像的形成,使用的是彩色显影法。彩色显影的基本反应是四分子的卤化银形成一分子的染料。这样的成色剂称四当量成色剂。     

新型亚磺酰胺类化合物作为卤化银乳剂稳定剂的研究

研究了新型亚磺酰胺类化合物与增感染料在实用卤化银乳剂中起增感与防灰雾作用。实验结果表明，在各种组份卤化银乳剂中，乳剂的感光度有明显的提高，灰雾被抑制，或对感光度和灰雾具有一致的理想效果。     

AgCl微晶的染料增感吸收光谱特性研究

尽管基于卤化银晶体的照相胶片已基本退出市场,但是卤化银晶体在光催化、LED活性物质等方面仍有广泛应用.提高卤化银晶体利用效率的关键在于扩展其吸收波段.本文在制备AgC1立方体微晶的基础上,研究了染料增感对AgC1乳剂吸收光谱的影响.结果表明：纯AgC1晶体仅在小于408nm的紫外波段有强吸收,而染料增感AgC1乳剂则在蓝绿光吸收波段出现明显增感吸收,且吸收峰的位置相对染料的单分子吸收峰分别发生了蓝移和红移.基于染料分子在晶体界面的聚集吸附模型和激子理论定性地解释了增感吸收峰发生偏移的现象.     

菁染料与溴化银相互作用性质的研究

本文用计时电位法及电位滴定研究了十六种不同染料与溴化银之间的相互作用,进一步证明了具有离域π-电子的菁染料才能与卤化银形成络合物的论点。从得到的平衡常数K表明,固体表面上的卤化银-染料与溶液中银离子-染料具有相同键性质,都是银离子与染料离域π-电子作用的结果。     

非银核／卤化银壳多相组合光敏微晶体系

非银核／卤化银壳多相组合光敏微晶体系＊郭新民王素娥＊＊（中国科学院感光化学研究所，北京１００１０１）自从７０年代以来，一直有少数人在尝试制作一种新型卤化银乳剂［１～７］，即以某些结构与卤化银相似的无机盐、胶体、染料、水溶性卤化物等作核，在其表面上外延...     

卤化银微晶中浅电子陷阱的阈值效应

依据描述卤化银微晶中光生载流子的微观动力学过程的基本模型 ,分析了自由光电子衰减时间随浅电子陷阱深度和密度的变化情况 ,从而对浅电子陷阱的阈值效应进行了讨论 ,给出了确定卤化银乳剂中浅电子陷阱最佳掺杂条件的依据。     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

用两个形状指数表征粉煤灰颗粒形貌的研究

引用两个形状指数表征颗粒形状的概念,即先将颗粒形状近似为椭圆,再将椭圆图像分离:以圆为基准的颗粒宏观形状指数δ;以光滑椭圆为基准的颗粒轮廓凹凸度,即微观形状指数ζ。分析和发展了近似椭圆模型。并运用图像分析仪对粉煤灰、水泥样品进行实验。结果表明,粉煤灰颗粒的两个形状指数δ和ζ都大于水泥颗粒。证明粉煤灰颗粒的球形度、表面光滑度优于水泥,而且,随着粒径增大,δ和ζ呈下降趋势,表明磨制颗粒越粗。(?)粒形状越不规则。文中还运用近似椭圆模型再现了颗粒的模拟图像。     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

典型煤碳燃烧特性研究和数值模拟

本文以三种典型煤的碳燃烧为研究对象，分别采用简单一维沉降燃烧方式和等温加热燃烧方式，实验研究了煤在快速加热条件下，其碳的初期和中，后期燃烧过程。以实验为基础，建立了煤的碳燃烧模型，变工况数值模拟了煤的碳燃烧过程，揭示了煤不同条件下的单颗粒碳燃烧特性。     

己内酰胺水解聚合过程模拟──双官能团酸调节剂与尼龙6组成分布

提出了有双官能团酸相对分子质量调节剂存在时己内酰胺水解聚合过程动力学模型 ,并进行了实验验证 .对不同温度下聚合产物组成和各影响因素对数均聚合度的影响进行了模拟 .结果表明 ,数均聚合度随进料中水、氨基己酸及相对分子质量调节剂浓度的增加而减小 ,其中水的浓度影响较显著 ,且在考察浓度范围内相对分子质量调节剂浓度 [R]0 ≤ 0 0 0 68mol·kg- 1 时数均聚合度基本不变 ,而 [R]0 >0 0 0 68mol·kg- 1 时数均聚合度则显著减小 .无氨基己酸及相对分子质量调节剂时数均聚合度亦随水浓度增加而减小 .     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.     

环氧树脂羟基值测定方法的研究

利用乙酸酐、吡啶和浓硫酸混合的乙酰化试剂测定环氧树脂中羟基值含量的方法具有操作简便、滴定终点明显和分析结果误差小等优点。