高耐沾污高弹性建筑乳胶漆的制备及研究

合成了一种自交联核壳结构的丙烯酸弹性乳液,表征了其红外光谱及粒径分布。研究了亲水性助剂、疏水性助剂对采用该乳液所制备的弹性乳胶漆的断裂延伸率及耐沾污性的影响。表征了添加了亲、疏水助剂的乳胶漆涂膜对水的静态接触角、涂膜的断面结构。结果表明:当添加的亲水助剂含量为0.4%或疏水助剂含量为5%时,弹性乳胶漆涂膜具有较好的拉伸性能及耐沾污性能。     

耐沾污外墙乳胶漆的开发

分析了外墙乳胶漆涂膜被污染的主要原因及影响因素，比较了用于改善外墙乳胶漆耐沾污性的亲水性与疏水性理论，采用具有特殊功能的纯丙乳液，并在应用中调整工艺配方，研制出具有高耐沾污性的外墙乳胶漆。     

吡啶硫酮锌在乳胶漆中的防霉抗藻性研究

对比了各种防霉抗藻剂单体的化学结构式及优缺点,以及它们在乳胶漆中的防霉抗藻性比较,通过对不同种类防霉抗藻剂的性能实验及环保性法规探讨,研究了吡啶硫酮锌在乳胶漆中的应用前景。     

WH－1型有机硅消泡剂

武汉长江机电设备研究所日前研制成功新型长江牌ＷＨ－１型有机硅消泡剂，该消泡剂以甲基硅油为主体，辅加疏水性添加剂精制而成。具有快速的破泡消泡作用和良好的抑泡效果。硅树脂外墙乳胶漆由上海迪诺瓦有限公司生产的硅树脂复合外墙乳胶漆，是以硅丙乳液为基料、水为分散介质的环保型建筑乳胶漆。它在丙烯酸乳胶漆中引入有机硅，形成复合涂料，从而大大提高了乳胶漆的耐沾污性和耐久性。适用于老的且坚固的硅酸盐涂层和乳胶漆涂层的翻新重涂或古建筑的涂装保护。WH-1型有机硅消泡剂     

浅谈乳胶漆贮存中的沉降性

比较了国产乳胶漆的开罐效果与国外乳胶漆的差距。探讨了采用湿润分散剂、增稠剂、流变剂、pH值调节剂及其复配使用的效果，并选择防沉性能优异的体质颜料及其适宜的PVC，以减缓或消除乳胶漆的沉降。     

有机硅乳液改性外墙乳胶漆防水性和透气性的研究

采用有机硅乳液对高PVC外墙乳胶漆进行改性，解决了外墙乳胶漆防水性和透气性之间的矛盾，达到既防水又透气。详细介绍了防水性和透气性的测试方法。     

乳胶漆增稠流变剂的选择与应用

介绍了乳胶漆增稠流变剂的类型和特点，讨论了增稠流变剂的选择要求，以及通过增稠流变剂的协同作用，提高乳胶漆的性能。     

成膜助剂在乳胶漆中作用分析

乳胶漆是绿色环保涂料,但它成膜性较差。为了提高其成膜性能,必须加入成膜助剂。成膜助剂在乳胶漆中起着重要作用,它能降低乳胶漆的成膜温度,改善乳胶漆的成膜性能。本论文对乳胶漆的成膜机理、成膜剂的选择以及成膜剂的作用及其影响因素作了分析。     

高流平、耐沾污性内墙乳胶漆的研制

以聚乙烯醇为增稠流平剂及使用一种高分子蜡乳液制成的乳胶漆 ,改善了涂料的流平性和涂膜的憎水性。分析了蜡乳液用量对涂膜耐沾污性的影响和聚乙烯醇用量对涂料流平性的影响     

氧化锌对外墙乳胶漆性能的影响

氧化锌在改善乳胶漆的耐紫外光性和杀菌性的同时,也会导致乳胶漆的贮存稳定性变差.探索了利用氧化锌的优势而不降低乳胶漆贮存稳定性的途径.结果表明,在pH＞9.5时,可使氧化锌的优势得到发挥而不降低乳胶漆的贮存稳定性.     

Associative behavior of hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl celluloses (HMHECs) in waterborne coatings

The associative behavior of hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose (HMHEC) in polymer dispersions has been determined as a function of the composition of both the associative thickener (AT) and the latex. How changes in interaction between HMHEC and the latex influence the rheology of the latex thickener systems is discussed. Adsorption of HMHECs onto an acrylic emulsion strongly depends on the hydrophobe type and degree of substitution, as well as on the molecular weight of the associative thickener. The degree of latex adsorption is influenced dramatically by the stabilization system utilized, that is choice and level of surfactant and carboxylic acid content, in addition to the composition of the monomer mix. Rheological measurements demonstrate that HMHECs of specific composition can provide gloss emulsion paints with a balance of rheological properties, combining excellent levelling with sag resistance.     

Phase behaviors and film properties of dispersions and coatings containing associative and conventional thickeners

Phase-separation behaviors of latex dispersions, using commercial latices of three different median sizes, and pigmented coatings are examined. Both the dispersions and pigmented coatings at a 0.32 volume fraction of total dispersed phase were thickened with water-soluble polymers, with and without surfactant hydrophobes. Latex dispersions thickened with water-soluble polymers without hydrophobe modification follow the phase-separation behavior described by the volume restriction flocculation (VRF) concept (i.e., molecular weight of the thickener or particle size of the latex). This is surprising since commercial latices contain a variety of surface-stabilizing moieties, in addition to surfactant. Latex dispersions thickened with commercial and model hydrophobically modified ethoxylated urethane (HEUR) polymers do not follow the phase-separation behavior predicted by the VRF concept. The lack of correlation of phase behavior with latex median size in HEUR-thickened formulations led to an examination of four secondary thickeners, noted for providing high viscosities at low shear rates. With an all-acrylic, large median-size latex, the combinations of commercial HEURs with secondary thickeners are effective in eliminating phase separation; only partial reduction in phase separation is observed with a vinyl acetateacrylic large-particle latex. The influence of HEUR/secondary thickener blends on the film properties also is discussed. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

疏水缔合水溶性耐温耐盐聚合物的研究进展（一）

疏水缔合水溶性聚合物是一种亲水性大分子链上带有少量疏水基团的水溶性聚合物 ,在水溶液中具有良好的耐温、耐盐、增粘作用和储存稳定性。从该类聚合物的聚合方法及聚合物的分子量、聚合物中离子基团、疏水基团的类型、链长及含量、聚合物分子链上疏水基团序列分布、无机盐、剪切作用、温度和表面活性剂等对聚合物溶液性能的影响综述了最新研究进展 ,展望了它在油气田开采、污水污泥处理、涂料工业、生物医学、湍流减阻中的应用。     

The characterization of nonionic surfactants by NMR

The methods currently reported in the literature for the characterization of nonionic surfactants are usually applied to one portion of the molecule and require a knowledge of the other portion for complete identification. This indirect approach leaves much to be desired. A simple, rapid, and more direct method of characterization is to measure the proton signal intensity in high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. This method determines the hydrophile to hydrophobe ratio without requiring standard samples for calibration or a prior knowledge of the hydrophobe. In addition, this method will frequently give much valuable information about the identity of the hydrophobe, such as the average chain length, the degree of branching, and the type of aromatic substitution, if any. This method has been applied to the characterization of the common types of commercial polyethylene oxide condensates. The application of NMR to the analysis of formulated detergent products is also discussed. Presented at the AOCS meeting in New Orleans, La., 1962.     

Viscosity characteristics of aqueous solutions of block copolymers of propylene and ethylene oxides

Brookfield viscosity measurements were made on aqueous solutions of surface-active agents composed of block copolymers of propylene and ethylene oxides in which the molecular weights of the polymers varied from 1100 to over 15,000. The hydrophobia bases were polyoxypropylene glycols varying in molecular weight from 940 to 4000. To these were added varying amounts of ethylene oxide so that the polyoxyethylene hydrophil comprised from 15 to 80% of the surfactant total weight. This work has materially expanded previous viscosity studies of aqueous solutions of nonionic surfactants by using a unique type of hydrophobe, two ethylene oxide chains, and far higher molecular weights of hydrophobe and of hydrophil, up to 280 moles of ethylene oxide. The surface-active agents with hydrophobe base molecular weights from 940 to 1100, and in which the polyoxyethylene sections comprised from 15 to 80% of the total weight, did not form gels in aqueous solution. Some surfactants with a hydrophobe base molecular weight of 1750 to 2750, to which varying amounts of polyoxyethylene were added, formed gels in water at a surfactant concentration range of 40% to 80%. With a hydrophobe molecular weight of 3250, gels formed at from 30% to 90% surfactant concentration, while with one nonionic derived from a 4000 molecular weight hydrophobe, a gel formed at only 20% polyol concentration. Two viscosity maxima were found in some cases, as reported occasionally for other systems. An increase in temperature from 0C to 50C generally reduced the viscosity of systems based on hydrophobes of 1175 and lower molecular weights, and increased it in systems based on hydrophobes of 1750 and higher molecular weights. The behavior of these surfactants in forminggels is explained on the basis of hydrogen bonding, micellar aggregation and water entrapment. The moles of water per ethylene oxide group in the adduct varied with the hydrophobe base weight and with the polyoxyethylene hydrophil, and within systems showing maximum viscosities, ranged from 0.3 to 17.1, at 25C, which is much higher than observed in other nonionics.     

Quantitative assessment of alkyl chain branching in alcohol-based surfactants by nuclear magnetic resonance

Surfactants with branched hydrophobes have gained considerable interest, since these can be used in formulations for laundry cleaning at a wide range of conditions. The claims range from improved dissolution rate to hardness tolerance and stain removing efficacy. In contrast to the historically known heavily branched surfactants, novel branched surfactants are less compromised by increased biodegradability. These properties find their basis in the structural characteristics of the hydrophobe, such as number, position, and type of alkyl chain branches. Our current understanding of structure-property relations, however, is hampered by the lack of generic methodology needed to obtain structural data on hydrophobe branching. A nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) approach was developed by which we could obtain a comprehensive set of quantitative hydrophobe branching parameters in alcoholbased surfactants. The ¹³C and ¹H NMR spin systems of hydrophobe branched species were assigned by means of twodimensional NMR techniques. These assignments allowed the quantitative assessment of these branched species by straight-forward signal integration in the ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectra. The quantified NMR data can be used to understand product performance and the biodegradation of surfactants with branched hydrophobes.     

Surfactant behavior and its influence on the viscosity of associative thickeners solutions, thickened latex dispersions, and waterborne latex coatings

Surfactants, varying in their chemical composition and hydrophobic behavior, are used in the formulation of a waterborne coating. These differences influence their aggregation in micellar structures, their interaction with associative thickeners, and in particular, the synergies present in their competitive adsorptions on the disperse phases in a waterborne coating. Adsorption of HEUR thickeners on latexes and the ability of surfactants to displace them from those surfaces is an important variable in the dispersion’s viscosity. With large particle latexes, viscosity increases arise primarily from the network built through the interaction of HEURs with surfactants in the aqueous phase. Fluorescence is used to verify the mechanism by which surfactants enhance associative thickener viscosities. That is best achieved with nonionic surfactants, because of their synergies with large hydrophobe HEURs at low concentration. With decreasing latex particle size the adsorbed species is an important contributor to the dispersion’s viscosity through its contribution to the latex’s effective volume fraction increase and when the size of the adsorbed HEUR is matched to the separation distances of the latex at 0.25 volume fraction. Achieving controlled shear-thinning behavior in small particle size latex paints with the economic constraints on the amount of HEUR required to obtain 90 KU viscosities are discussed. Presented at the 80th Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 30–November 1, 2002, in New Orleans, LA. Polymer and Coatings Dept., Fargo, ND 58103.     

水性氟碳隔热外墙涂料的研制

以氟碳乳液和自交联纯丙乳液为基料,以金红石型钛白粉为颜料,以中空微珠和红外辐射粉为填料,在纳米SiO2和助剂的配合下制备出该外墙涂料。涂膜具有超群的耐候性,优异的耐沾污性,突出的耐化学品性,优异的柔韧性,极佳的隔热降温性能,适用于夏热冬暖、夏热冬冷地区建筑物的饰面涂装。     

金属离子交联型丙烯酸酯乳液的研究进展

金属离子交联型丙烯酸酯乳液具有低成本、单组分包装和室温交联的优点,对其宏观性能和微观交联机理的研究日益成为高分子科学研究的热点。本研究阐述了金属离子交联型乳液的概念及其研究意义,综述了近年来国内外对金属离子交联型乳液一些典型问题的研究,包括成膜交联机理、金属离子型乳液的结构与性能、乳液的制备方法及其涂膜性能等,金属离子交联改性的丙烯酸乳胶膜在耐水性、耐介质性及机械性能上都有了显著的改善。     

Particle nucleation and growth in seeded semibatch miniemulsion polymerization of hybrid CeO2/acrylic latexes

CeO₂/acrylic hybrid coatings with high solids content and with nanoparticle percentages up to 5 wt% have been successfully synthesized by seeded semibatch miniemulsion polymerization process. The droplet nucleation efficiency has been assessed by Capillary Hydrodynamic Chromatography and TEM analysis. The effect of the stability of the miniemulsion, the type of initiator and the number of particles of the seed on the efficiency of the nucleation of the nanodroplets fed has been investigated. It was found that the less stable the hybrid miniemulsion, the higher the diffusion of the monomer out of the droplets and hence, the seed latex particles grew in size. However, the CeO₂ nanoparticles did not diffuse out with the monomer and remained in very small droplets that eventually nucleate leading to a bimodal population. When stable miniemulsions were produced by using a polymer as hydrophobe, droplet size increased reducing the number of particles in the seed and monomer diffusion was minimized enhancing nucleation of droplets with larger sizes that produced broad PSDs. Coalescence of droplets was negligible because the size distribution of the nanoceria particles did not change from the seed particles to the final latex. The UV–Vis absorption capacity of the films prepared with increasing the amount of CeO₂ increased, but scattering effects were observed at high loading of CeO₂ due to the large size of the CeO₂ aggregates.