Photocatalytic degradation of MO by complex nanometer particles WO3/TiO2

Complex nanometer particles WO3/TiO2 were prepared using a sol-gel process and characterized using XRD spectra. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2 can be increased by doping W^6＋ with TiO2 because the doped W^6＋ that entered into the crystal lattices of TiO2 led to the formation of defects in the crystal lattices of TiO2 and thereby improved the photocatalytic activity of TiO2.When WO3 doped in TiO2 exceeded 3%, the excess W^6＋ did not enter into the crystal lattices of TiO2 but were uniformly dispersed in TiO2 or they covered the surface of TiO2, which reduced the effective illumination area of TiO2 and thereby lowered the photocatalytic activity of TiOE.The relationship among the composition of the catalyst, the amount of photocatalyst, the illumination time, and the decolorizing rate of methyl orange （MO） were discussed. The results show that the decolorizing rate of MO can reach 82.3% using WO3/TiO2 as the photocatalyst, with the composition of WO3/TiO2 -3：97, the mass of catalyst = 0.400 g, the initial concentration of MO = 20 mg/L, pH = 6.5, and the illumina- tion time = 7 h.     

KzLa2Ti3O10的制备和光催化产氢性能

通过聚合-配合方法和溶胶-凝胶方法，制备了具有层状钙钛矿结构复合氧化物K2La2Ti3O10光催化剂，采用X射线衍射（XRD）、紫外-可见漫反射光谱（DRS）、扫描电镜（SEM）等手段进行表征：以I-为电子给体，比较了制备方法对K2L。2Ti3O10分解水产氢活性的影响。研究结果表明，溶-凝胶法制备的KELaETi3O10比聚合-配合法制备的K2LaETi3O10光催化产氢活性要高出1倍左右，且制备条件友好，所得K2La2Ti3O10具有较好的单相性：获得了以I-为电子给体，溶胶-凝胶法制备的K2La2Ti3O10分解水的最佳实验条件：产氢的最佳pH值为11,5，RuO2的负载量为0.2％～0.3％。     

Analysis of the Active Au Species on Au/α-Fe2O3 Catalyst

采用沉积沉淀法制备了CO低温氧化 Au/α-Fe2O3催化剂,利用 X 射线衍射(XRD)、X 射线光电子能谱(XPS)、BET 比表面测定、程序升温还原(H2-TPR)等表征技术,对比了制备过程 pH 值的微小变化、焙烧及光线照射对催化剂结构及催化性能的影响,探明了 Au/α-Fe2O3催化剂的活性物种。结果表明,110 ℃处理的 Au/α-Fe2O3催化剂表面同时存在 Au3+、Au0以及过渡态 Auδ+(0<δ<1),它们对 CO 氧化的活性顺序为 Au3+>Auδ+>Au0;pH 值为 8 条件下制备的催化剂 Au3+含量高、比表面积大,催化性能最好;高温焙烧使氧化态金还原的同时也使载体比表面积严重缩小,催化活性显著下降;紫外线照射可以引起 Au3+的逐渐还原以及 Au0 颗粒的生长,其催化失活作用弱于高温焙烧。     

Solubility of ammonium paratungstate in the system NH_3·H_2O·H_2O

The equilibrium solubilities of 5(NH4)O·12WO3·5H2O (APT·5H2O) were determined at the terminal ammonia concentration of 2 mol/L at 87-95℃. Experimental data were regressed. The linear functional relation between the solubility of APT- 5H2O and the temperature (t /℃) is given as y = - 588.08 + 7.28t. The solubility of the species as a function of the terminal ammonia concentration (x / mol · L-1) is also achieved: y = 36.76 + 18.86x. The solubility of APT · 5H2O produced by ion-exchange method in China is much lower, which is due to much lower silica, much higher NH4Cl, and a small amount of APT · 7H2O with low solubility in the APT crystals. APT · 7H2O forms because of a large amount of NH4Cl and the low activity of water in the crystallization.     

Wear Properties of Plasma Nitrided H13 Steel at Room and Elevated Temperature

H13 steel was nitrided using a plasma surface alloying technique at the temperature of 570℃.The nitrided layers with different thicknesses and components were obtained by changing nitriding pressure.The microstructure and composition of the nitrided layers were evaluated by optical microscopy(OM)and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The wear properties of the nitrided layer against Al2O3 ball at room temperature using a ball-on-disc tribometer and against Si3N4 ball at elevated temperature using a HT-2001 abrasive wear test machine were investigated.The results show that the nitrided layers are composed of compound layer and diffusion layer at the pressure of 100 and 450 Pa.No obvious compound layer appears at pressure of 200 and 300 Pa.XRD analysis shows the nitrided layers are mainly composed ofε-Fe2-3N,γ’-Fe4N,α-Fe,Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 phases.The surface hardness of plasma nitrided H13 steel is about 1100HV0.050 doubled that of substrate.The room temperature friction coefficient of H13 steel is reduced and wear rate is decreased by nitriding at 200 and 300 Pa.Elevated temperature wear test indicates the nitrided H13 steel at the pressure of 100 Pa shows lower friction coefficient and wear rate which are reduced more than 6 times compared with that of H13 substrate.     

Ag+掺杂ZnWO4纳米棒的微波水热法合成及光催化性能

以硝酸锌(Zn(NO3)2·6H2O)、和钨酸钠(Na2WO4·2H2O)作为起始反应物,利用微波水热法在200℃下合成纳米棒状钨酸锌。利用X-射线粉末衍射、场发射扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜及能谱成分图谱等分析手段对纳米棒状钨酸锌粉体进行表征,并对不同Ag+掺杂量的ZnWO4纳米棒的光催化性能进行了研究。结果表明:Ag+成功的掺入ZnWO4纳米棒中;随着Ag+掺杂量的增加ZnWO4纳米棒的颗粒尺寸也不断增大;Ag+掺杂量2%时纳米棒状钨酸锌粉体的光催化性能最优,但是随着掺杂量的逐渐增加光催化性能反而降低。     

两种方法制备纳米晶复相Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe永磁体实验研究

将机械球磨后制备的Nd2Fe14B非晶粉末和α-Fe纳米晶粉末分别采用2种方法制备纳米复相Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe永磁体。第1种方法是直接将其冷压制坯、真空包套和热挤压制备永磁体。第2种方法是先将Nd2Fe14B晶化,然后冷压制坯、真空包套和热挤压制备永磁体。利用TEM、VSM等分析手段对比研究了2种方法制备永磁体的相对密度、微观组织以及磁性能。结果表明:在相同的工艺参数下,第1种方法制备永磁体不仅可以减少工序,而且其制备的永磁体综合性能均优于第2种方法,其制备永磁体的相对密度为98.24%;Nd2Fe14B和α-Fe的晶粒尺寸分别为60和80nm;磁性能达到:Br=0.98T,Hci=305.6kA/m,和(BH)m=89.8kJ/m3。     

快速化学镀 Ni-Zn-P 合金工艺及镀层性能

目的确定快速化学镀Ni-Zn-P合金的工艺。方法通过一系列实验,研究主盐含量、pH值、温度、时间等对镀层沉积速度及镀层锌镍比的影响,确定最优工艺条件。借助SEM,EDS,XRD及电化学方法分析镀层微观形貌、成分及耐蚀性。结果在ZnSO4·7H2O8 g/L,NiSO4·6H2O 35 g/L,NaH2PO2·H2O20 g/L,NH4Cl 50 g/L,C6H5Na3O7·2H2O 70 g/L,稳定剂1.5 mg/L,p H=9.0,温度90~95℃的条件下,化学镀Ni-Zn-P合金沉积速度为5~6μm/h,镀层中Zn质量分数为8%~10%,P质量分数为6%左右,Ni质量分数为80%~85%。Zn的存在使Ni呈现出晶态结构,在XRD谱图上2θ=45°及2θ=52°位置分别出现了Ni(111),Ni(200)衍射峰。施镀时间不会影响镀层成分,但会影响镀层耐蚀性。施镀1.5 h时,镀层厚度约为9~10μm,其耐蚀性略好于相同厚度的Ni-P镀层。结论 Ni-Zn-P化学镀沉积速度较快,8%~10%的Zn使镀层中Ni呈晶态结构,且改善了镀层耐蚀性。     

Solvent Extraction of Some Lanthanides with Trioctylphosphine Oxide in Molten Paraffin Wax

TOPO has been applied to tiranium separation[l]. Some fundamental investigations for uranium extraction have also been well done [2, 3].However little data have been reported for theextraction of lanthanides with TOPO. Ceccoine[4] reported the lanthanides extraction withTOPO in chloroform at 25 C. Other authors stUdied the synergistic extraction of lanthanides byusing TOPO as a neutral adducts [5].For the past decade, the method using themolten paraffin wax as a diluent for the lanthan…     

芬顿氧化法处理铝合金化铣清洗液的研究

目的铝合金化铣加工过程产生的大量清洗液,因三乙醇胺的存在而使其具有很高的化学吸氧量(COD),必须通过有效的方法予以除去才能安全排放。方法采用芬顿氧化法对化铣清洗废液进行处理,通过试验方法优化,研究了废液初始pH、H_2O_2浓度、c(H_2O_2)/c(Fe~(2+))以及芬顿反应时间对清洗液COD_(Cr)去除率的影响。结果初始pH值对COD_(Cr)去除率的影响最大。在正交试验的基础上,通过单因素试验进一步优化了反应条件,得出芬顿氧化法去除化铣清洗液中三乙醇胺的最佳反应条件为:pH=2.5,H_2O_2浓度为325mmol/L,c(H_2O_2)/c(Fe~(2+))=12.5,反应时间为45 min。在此条件下,出水COD_(Cr)可降至40 mg/L以下,COD_(Cr)去除率达到99.1%。结论芬顿氧化法可以有效地降解化铣清洗液中的三乙醇胺。     

Y2Cu2O5光催化剂的制备及模拟太阳光催化产氢

分别用固相法和液相法制备Y2Cu2O5光催化剂,利用热重差热分析(TG-DTA)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外可见光漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)等技术对光催化剂进行表征。在模拟太阳光照射条件下,以草酸(H2C2O4)为牺牲剂对所制得的光催化剂制氢性能进行评价,考察制备方法和牺牲剂类型等因素对其产氢性能的影响以及光催化剂的稳定性能。结果表明:溶胶凝胶法所得样品中含有Y2O3杂质,为Y2Cu2O5与Y2O3的混合物;固相法所得样品为纯净的Y2Cu2O5,具备较高的光催化产氢活性。用固相法制备的光催化剂Y2Cu2O5,当其用量为0.8 g/L、草酸为牺牲剂且初始浓度为0.05 mol/L时,表现出最佳光催化产氢活性,其产氢量为3.78mmol/(h.g)。但Y2Cu2O5在草酸溶液中不稳定,会与草酸反应生成Y2(C2O4)3.2H2O,导致产氢活性降低。     

氟磷灰石还原的影响因素和等温动力学

为深入了解高磷铁矿煤基还原过程中氟磷灰石还原行为的影响因素和等温动力学参数,试验采用纯矿物配比的方式研究了二氧化硅含量、氧化铁含量、碳用量、还原时间和还原温度对磷灰石还原度的影响,并在此基础上,探明Ca10(PO4)6F2-SiO2-Fe2O3-C体系下氟磷灰石还原的等温动力学机理函数和动力学方程。结果表明:在一定的条件下,增加二氧化硅、氧化铁、碳用量、还原时间或还原温度均能够促进氟磷灰石的还原反应。在Ca10(PO4)6F2-SiO2-Fe2O3-C体系中,二氧化硅和氧化铁与氟磷灰石的最佳含量比分别为1.8和2.2,最佳C/O摩尔比为2.0。在最佳反应物用量条件下,氟磷灰石深度还原的最佳动力学机理函数为A1/3:1/3(1?α)[?ln(1?α)]?2;最佳动力学方程为:k(T)=3.89033×10^7exp(?282.748×10^3/RT),其中,指前因子为3.89033×10^7 min^?1,活化能为282.748 kJ/mol。还原反应的限制环节为固态扩散。     

丙三醇在铝合金微弧氧化膜形成中作用的研究

在Na2SiO3-NaOH复合电解液体系下,对ZAlSi12Cu2Mg1微弧氧化陶瓷膜的形成进行了研究;通过改变丙三醇的含量,研究了其对电解液的电导率、微弧氧化的临界起弧电压、稳定氧化时间和陶瓷膜层厚度的影响,分析了丙三醇的作用。结果表明,丙三醇含量从0 ml/L到12 ml/L变化时,临界起弧正向电压由360 V逐渐升高至410 V,稳定氧化时间由16 min延长到26 min;含量从0 ml/L增加到4 ml/L时,膜厚从65μm迅速增加到152μm。含量超过4 ml/L,膜厚缓慢增加。电解液中加入丙三醇,膜层中除了莫来石相,还出现了α-Al2O3、γ-Al2O3、WO3和SiO2相。     

经 Fe(NO3 ) 3 处理的 γ-Fe2 O3 / Ni2 O3复合纳米微粒分析

目的研究经Fe(NO3)3处理后γ-Fe2O3/Ni2O3复合纳米微粒稳定分散在磁性液体中的机理。方法使用共沉淀法制备Fe OOH/Ni(OH)2前躯体,经Fe Cl2溶液处理后得到以γ-Fe2O3为核心,Ni2O3在外层,Fe Cl3·6H2O在最外层的核-壳结构γ-Fe2O3/Ni2O3复合纳米微粒。用硝酸铁溶液对其进一步处理,使微粒表面性质稳定以适合配制离子型磁性液体。使用振动样品磁强计、透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、X射线光电子能谱仪对硝酸铁处理后复合纳米微粒的磁性、形态、晶体结构、化学组成及结构进行分析。结果经硝酸铁处理后,微粒的磁性减弱,粒径略微变大,约为11 nm,但位于微粒核心的主要成分γ-Fe2O3保持不变,且在微粒表面包裹了一层Fe(NO3)3·9H2O抗腐蚀层。结论经Fe(NO3)3处理后微粒表面包裹的抗腐蚀层及配制磁性液体时微粒表面吸附同种H+或OH-形成的静电斥力,使微粒在磁性液体中稳定分散。     

Study of thermal stabilization of an intermetallic compound-α-Fe(Sn) solid solution layered system

Mössbauer spectroscopy at ¹¹⁹Sn and ⁵⁷Fe nuclei was used to study thermally induced processes of phase formation in two-layered systems Sn(4 μm)-Fe(10 μm) obtained by ion-plasma deposition. The layered systems were subjected to sequential isothermal annealings at 550°C and 700°C to show the formation of intermetallic compounds FeSn and Fe₃Sn₂ and of an α-Fe(Sn) solid solution. It has also been shown that the nature of the phase transformations is determined by a change in the local concentration of tin in the sample in the process of diffusion of the atomic components. Thermally stable spatially inhomogeneous systems FeSn/α-Fe(Sn) and Fe₃Sn₂/α-Fe(Sn) have been obtained.     

Structure and Magnetic Properties of Nanoparticles of Magnetite Obtained by Mechanochemical Synthesis

Metal Science and Heat Treatment - Nanoparticles of nonstoichiometric magnetite obtained by controlled oxidation of carbonyl iron (α-Fe) in water are studied. The Fe : H2O mole ratio is 3 : 4,...     

正交设计法优化高分散超细银粉的制备工艺

以AgNO3为银源,抗坏血酸为还原剂,通过液相还原法制备了超细银粉。运用L25(56)的正交试验设计,考察了AgNO3浓度、抗坏血酸浓度、分散剂种类、分散剂用量、溶液pH值及反应温度对超细银粉的分散性及粒度的影响。分析得出制备超细银粉的优化条件:AgNO3浓度为0.15mol.L-1,抗坏血酸浓度为0.40mol.L-1,油酸为分散剂,分散剂用量为8%(相对AgNO3质量),pH值为4,反应温度为50℃。在优化的实验条件下,制备出高分散近球形的超细银粉,其平均粒度为0.89μm。并运用SEM、XRD对其进行了表征。     

Investigation of CMP of Ni in the Preparation Process of Micro-Electro-Mechanical System Devices

利用自制的抛光液对高纯镍片进行化学机械抛光,研究化学机械抛光过程中抛光压力、pH值、H2O2浓度、络合剂种类及其浓度、SiO2浓度等参数对抛光速率的影响。结果表明在抛光压力为13.79kPa、H2O2浓度为0.5%,pH值为3.0,SiO2浓度为0.5%,络合剂EDTA及其浓度为1%时,得到最大抛光速率为312.3nm/min;在抛光压力为13.79kPa、pH值为4.0、SiO2浓度为1%、络合剂EDTA为1%、H2O2浓度为1%条件下抛光得到的镍片表面质量较好,表面粗糙度Ra达到5nm。并利用电化学手段研究了镍片在抛光液中的溶解与钝化行为。     

Synthesis and luminescent properties of Eu~(3+)-doped Na_(24)As_2W_(22)O_(83)

The Eu3+-doped Na24As2W22O83 phosphor has been prepared by solid state reaction from Na3AsO412H2O, Na2WO4 2H2O and WO3, and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffractometry. According to the measurements with X-ray diffraction, this material belongs to orthorhombic system with its lattice constants: a = 1.4750 nm, b = 1.1944 nm, c = 1.1062 nm, it is consistent with space group D24-P212121 (No.19). The emission and excitation spectra were measured. The luminescent properties of Eu3+-doped Na24As2W22O83 and mechanism of energy transfer were discussed.     

PHOTOCATALYTIC PERFORMANCE OF PLASMA SPRAYED TiO2-ZnFe2O4 COATINGS

A novel TiO2-ZnFe2O4 coating is prepared by plasma spraying. The effects of spraying parameters and the composition of powders on the microstructure, surface morphology and photo-absorption of plasma sprayed coatings are studied. The photocatalytic efficiency of the as-sprayed coatings is evaluated through the photo mineralization of methylene blue, It was found that TiO2 coatings can decompose methylene blue under the illumination of ultraviolet rays, and the degrading efficiency is improved with an increase in the content of FeTiO3 in the coatings. However, the presence of large amount of ZnFe2O4 compound will substantially lower the photocatalytic efficiency of the TiO2-ZnFe2O4 coatings for the unfavorable photo-excited electron-hole transfer process.