27SiMn钢相变规律与强韧化热处理

通过研究连续冷却和等温相变规律,确定了27Si Mn钢贝氏体相变的条件,设计了其两段淬火+低温回火热处理工艺,从而获得贝氏体组织。结果表明:当过冷奥氏体以3~40℃/s连续冷却时,存在贝氏体相变,并且随着冷速增加,贝氏体量先逐渐增加然后逐渐减少;贝氏体等温相变温度区间为390~450℃。910℃加热30 min,油冷至(450±10)℃再空冷至室温分段淬火,然后250℃回火低温40 min,27Si Mn钢获得贝氏体组织,其抗拉强度890 MPa,屈服强度693 MPa,断后伸长率28.0%,断面收缩率67.0%,冲击功64 J,具有良好的强度、塑性和韧性匹配。     

3379BA1汽轮机叶片钢的热处理工艺优化

采用正交试验方法研究了3379BA1汽轮机叶片钢热处理工艺与力学性能之间的关系。结果表明:影响试验钢力学性能的因素先后顺序为回火温度、淬火温度、回火时间、淬火时间,得出了最优热处理工艺参数为1050 ℃淬火(保温60 min,油冷)后在700 ℃回火(保温120 min,空冷)。通过试验验证,经最优热处理工艺处理后试验钢可以满足各项性能要求,较工艺优化前冲击吸收能量平均值提升约10 J,屈强比达87.3%。     

热处理工艺对1.25Cr0.5MoSi钢组织和力学性能的影响

通过Gleeble-3800热模拟和热处理试验研究了热处理工艺对1.25Cr0.5Mo Si钢组织和性能的影响。结果表明:钢在950℃保温140 min后淬火水冷(冷却速率3~20℃/s),然后710℃保温245 min回火,空冷可获得回火贝氏体组织和优良的综合力学性能。钢板试样经模拟焊后热处理组织为回火贝氏体,钢板在690℃模拟焊后热处理0~32 h后,屈服强度达到400~470 MPa,抗拉强度560~600 MPa。当冲击温度低于-20℃时,冲击功急剧下降。随着模拟焊后热处理时间的延长,碳化物逐渐变粗大并沿晶界分布,导致钢板强度和低温冲击韧性大幅下降。     

高品质60Si2MnA弹簧钢的热处理工艺优化

进行了60Si2MnA弹簧钢的奥氏体粗化温度和热处理正交试验,模拟了余热淬火工艺,并确定了最佳热处理工艺.试验结果表明,采用950℃保温20min,随后冷至880℃出炉进行油淬,在400℃回火90min,其综合力学性能最佳,Rm=1810MPa,Rp0.2=1640MPa,A=6.9%,Z=29.1%,AK=19.2J,硬度54.3HRC,均显著超过高品质60Si2MnA弹簧钢的性能指标.将试验得出的余热淬火热处理优化工艺应用于铁道部I型60Si2MnA钢弹条的卷制余热淬火,其各项性能指标均能满足目前高速铁路用弹簧的技术要求.     

稀土改性超高强度耐磨钢的热处理工艺北大核心CSCD

以自主设计的稀土改性Si-Mn-B系贝氏体-马氏体复相耐磨钢为研究对象,利用正交试验研究了不同淬火温度、淬火保温时间、回火温度、回火时间对材料强度、冲击功的影响,以确定最佳热处理工艺,并利用XRD、OM、SEM、TEM方法对其最佳热处理工艺组织进行分析。结果表明:淬火温度对抗拉强度影响最大,回火温度对屈服强度的影响最大,淬火保温时间对冲击功的影响最大。最优热处理方案为:900℃×1.5 h油淬+300℃×3 h回火处理。按此方案热处理后有较好的强韧配合:抗拉强度为1903 MPa,屈服强度为1591 MPa,洛氏硬度为51.4 HRC,无缺口冲击功为267 J。采用彩色金相-化学腐蚀法,组织为下贝氏体(49.6%)、板条马氏体(43.9%)和少量残留奥氏体(6.5%)。     

37CrMnMo钢热处理工艺研究与优化

运用正交试验方法和回归分析研究了37Cr Mn Mo钢热处理工艺参数与力学性能的关系。结果表明,影响材料力学性能的主次因素顺序为:回火温度回火时间淬火保温时间淬火温度。通过回归分析得出材料力学性能和热处理工艺参数之间的关系,并获得最优工艺参数为淬火温度890℃,淬火保温时间50 min,回火温度580℃,回火时间60 min。经试验验证,优化后的热处理工艺使材料力学性能得到较大提高。回归值与实测值吻合较好。     

稀土改性超高强度耐磨钢的热处理工艺

以自主设计的稀土改性Si-Mn-B系贝氏体-马氏体复相耐磨钢为研究对象,利用正交试验研究了不同淬火温度、淬火保温时间、回火温度、回火时间对材料强度、冲击功的影响,以确定最佳热处理工艺,并利用XRD、OM、SEM、TEM方法对其最佳热处理工艺组织进行分析。结果表明:淬火温度对抗拉强度影响最大,回火温度对屈服强度的影响最大,淬火保温时间对冲击功的影响最大。最优热处理方案为:900℃×1.5 h油淬+300℃×3 h回火处理。按此方案热处理后有较好的强韧配合:抗拉强度为1903 MPa,屈服强度为1591 MPa,洛氏硬度为51.4 HRC,无缺口冲击功为267 J。采用彩色金相-化学腐蚀法,组织为下贝氏体(49.6%)、板条马氏体(43.9%)和少量残留奥氏体(6.5%)。     

回火工艺对钒氮超低碳贝氏体钢组织性能的影响

为了探索V-N微合金化在低碳贝氏体钢中的应用,利用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、能谱仪(EDS)等实验方法,研究了不同回火温度对轧后保温与直接淬火两种工艺生产的钒氮超低碳贝氏体钢组织性能的影响.结果表明:随着回火温度的升高,屈服强度先升高后降低,直接淬火后600℃回火,材料的屈服强度为805 MPa,较轧态提高200 MPa,而直接淬火回火比轧后保温回火强度高65 MPa;回火后伸长率始终高于轧态.600℃回火时贝氏体基体上存在大量纳米级V(C,N)析出颗粒,对屈服强度的提高起了决定性作用;直接淬火钢回火后组织稳定性更高,析出物更加细小弥散.     

超超临界机组叶片用KT5331钢的热处理工艺

用热处理正交实验方法研究了淬火工艺与回火工艺对KT5331(10Cr11Co3W3Ni Mo VNb NB)钢力学性能的影响。结果表明,KT5331钢的最佳热处理工艺为1080℃保温60 min淬火,680℃保温2 h以上回火,组织为板条状的回火马氏体;淬火和回火参数中,回火温度是影响KT5331钢热处理后力学性能的最主要因素,淬火温度及回火温度对冲击功影响最为明显。淬火温度由1080℃升高至1120℃时奥氏体晶粒出现明显长大;随回火温度升高,材料屈服强度、抗拉强度和硬度明显降低,而冲击功显著升高。     

基于07MnNiMoDR钢热处理工艺窗口的热处理工艺

研究了07MnNiMoDR钢淬火和回火制度与晶粒尺寸和多边形铁素体含量的关系,建立了淬火保温时奥氏体尺寸窗口和回火保温时多边形铁素体含量窗口,确定了更为精准的热处理工艺。结果表明:奥氏体晶粒尺寸随淬火温度的升高、保温时间的延长而变大,均匀性存在最佳区间,合理的淬火制度为加热温度(940±10) ℃保温(80±10) min;随回火温度升高,约650 ℃出现多边形铁素体,其含量随回火温度的升高、保温时间的延长而增加,合理的回火制度为:加热温度(665±5) ℃、保温时间(165±15) min。优选后最佳热处理工艺为940 ℃×80 min淬火和660 ℃×180 min回火,最终性能测试结果表明:伸长率、冲击吸收能量和屈服强度相比国标分别提升了40.88%、206.25%和12.1%。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。