我国与国际食品法典委员会（CAC）食品中兽药最大残留限量标准的对比分析

对比分析我国与国际食品法典委员会(CAC)食品中兽药最大残留限量标准的异同。从标准涉及的兽药种类、具体食品种类、残留限量值三个层面逐级对比。结果表明我国标准涉及的兽药种类为217种,CAC标准为57种,二者相同的兽药种类42种;我国标准在残留具体食品动物的种类与数量上与CAC标准基本相同;我国兽药残留限量指标的总数为1035个,远远多于CAC的477个;在可比指标范围内,我国有302个残留限量指标值与CAC相同,26个残留限量指标值严于CAC,仅8个残留限量指标值宽于CAC。因此我国兽药残留限量标准中有98%的可比指标值已达到或超过CAC标准的要求。     

我国与国际食品法典委员会(CAC)食品中农药最大残留限量标准的对比分新研究

目的:对比分析我国与国际食品法典委员会(CAC)食品中农药最大残留限量标准的异同.方法:从标准涉及的农药种类、残留具体食品种类、残留限量值三个层面逐级对比.结果:我国标准涉及的农药种类为153种,CAC标准为144种,二者相同的农药种类91种;我国标准与CAC标准在残留具体食品的数量上相差巨大,我国仅为88种,CAC则达到232种;我国农药残留限量指标的总数为576个,远远少于CAC的2825个;在可比指标范围内,我国有142个残留限量指标值与CAC相同,72个残留限量指标值严于CAC,仅52个残留限量指标值宽于CAC.结论:我国农药残留限量标准中有80%的可比指标值已达到或超过CAC标准的要求,而CAC农药残留限量标准涉及的食品种类详细且具体,是造成我国标准与CAC标准在具体食品数量和限量指标数量上出现巨大差异的主要原因.     

中国与国际食品法典委员会动物食品兽药残留标准的比对分析

目的 对中国现行的新兽药残留标准与国际食品法典委员会的兽药残留限量指标进行比对,并对结果进行分析。方法 对我国标准与国际食品法典委员会标准中规定的兽药种类、涉及的物种及部位、残留限量进行逐级比对。我国兽药限量相关标准为GB 31650-2019《食品安全国家标准食品中兽药最大残留限量》,以及农业农村部公告第250号;国际食品法典委员会标准为CX/MRL 2–2018《食品中兽药残留的最大残留限量和风险管理建议》。结果 在可比指标中,我国与国际食品法典委员会限量相同的指标有316个,占全部可比指标的94.3%;我国比国际食品法典委员会更为严格的兽药残留限量指标有12个,占全部可比指标的3.6%;我国比国际食品法典委员会标准宽松的指标有7个,占可比指标总数的2.1%。结论 我国动物食品中兽药残留标准中,97.9%的可比指标达到或超过国际食品法典委员会标准规定。     

国内外蛋类兽药最大残留限量标准对比分析

对比了我国蛋类兽药最大残留限量与CAC、美国、日本、新加坡、加拿大的异同。从涉及的兽药种类、耙组织分类、残留限量值三个方面进行了对比。结果表明我国蛋类兽药最大残留限量与发达国家相比存在以下差距:涉及兽药种类少;耙组织规定比较单一;一些兽药的限量值不尽合理;风险评估研究不够。并提出了完善我国蛋类兽药残留限量标准的措施和建议。     

国内外乳及乳制品中兽药残留限量标准比较分析

随着乳制品行业的迅速发展,兽药问题越来越受到人们的关注。使用违禁药物或超量、超范围使用兽药都将对人体健康产生严重威胁。为准确了解我国与发达国家乳制品中兽药残留限量标准的差异,本文对中华人民共和国农业部235号公告《动物性食品中兽药最高残留限量》、欧盟的《Commission Regulation(EU)No37/2010》、日本的《maximum residue limits(MRLS)list of agricultural chemicals in foods》和美国及新西兰发布的兽药残留限量标准最新情况进行搜集整理,建立名录,并对各国兽药的种类、使用范围、限量值进行详细比较分析。发现各国兽药的种类、使用范围、限值存在不同程度的异同和交叉,例如在禁用或不得残留的兽药名录数量上,中国、美国、日本、欧盟、新西兰的数量分别为47、13、18、43、13种,类别有兴奋剂类、激素类、抗生素类等。最后,对我国兽药的使用和残留限量的修订和更新提出建议。     

我国与国际食品法典委员会 (CAC)食品添加剂使用限量标准的对比分析研究

目的:对比分析我国与国际食品法典委员会(CAC)食品添加剂限量标准的异同.方法:从标准涉及的食品添加剂种类、应用具体食品种类、最大使用量三个层面逐级对比.结果:我国标准涉及的食品添加剂种类为417种(不包含食品用香料),CAC标准为271种,二者相同的食品添加剂种类171种;我国标准与CAC标准在残留具体食品的数量上相差巨大,我国仅为123种,CAC则达到174种;我国食品添加剂使用限量指标的总数为1745个,少于CAC的1991个;在可比指标范围内,我国有317个限量指标值与CAC相同,287个限量指标值严于CAC,仅130个限量指标值宽于CAC.结论:我国对食品添加剂使用范围的要求较CAC严格,且我国食品添加剂使用限量标准中有82%的可比指标值已达到或超过CAC标准的要求.     

我国与国际食品法典委员会(CAC)食品中真菌毒素限量标准的对比分析研究

目的:对比分析我国与国际食品法典委员会(CAC)食品中真菌毒素限量标准的异同。方法:从标准涉及的真菌毒素种类、具体食品种类、限量值三个层面逐级对比。结果:我国标准涉及的真菌毒素种类为7种,CAC标准为4种,二者相同的真菌毒素种类4种;我国标准涉及的食品种类和具体数量稍多于CAC,有18种具体食品为我国单独规定限量;我国真菌毒素限量指标的总数为39个,远远多于CAC的7个;在可比指标范围内,我国全部11个限量指标值均与CAC相同。结论:我国真菌毒素限量标准中所有可比指标值与CAC标准的要求一致。     

我国与CAC关于食品中亚硝酸盐限量标准的对比分析

对比分析我国国家标准与国际食品法典委员会(CAC)标准中关于食品中亚硝酸盐限量指标的异同,并列举比较了我国与CAC的五个成员地区的亚硝酸盐的限量标准。从标准涉及亚硝酸盐在食品中存在的客观性、具体食品种类和限量值3个层面逐级对比。结果表明,我国标准中共有16个有关亚硝酸盐的限量指标,涉及16种食品种类;其中亚硝酸盐为污染物限量指标的有8个,涉及8种食品种类,而CAC标准没有;亚硝酸盐标准为添加剂限量指标的有8种,涉及8种食品种类,CAC标准为5种,涉及5种食品种类,两者共有的有关亚硝酸盐限量指标涉及的食品种类为3种。我国标准涉及的16种食品种类中,13种为我国独有规定限量的食品,总数远多于CAC标准中涉及的食品总数5种;在可比指标范围内,我国的3个限量指标值都严于CAC,与CAC的一致性程度较高。     

基于兽药残留限量的GB 31650与CAC标准异同分析

动物源农产品是人体摄入蛋白质的主要来源。然而,动物源农产品中兽药残留已逐渐成为消费者关注的食品安全热点问题之一。本研究分别从动物源产品和兽药类别、畜类产品限量值、禽类产品限量值、水产品限量值以及禁用兽药比较了我国最新的兽药残留限量标准GB 31650-2019与CAC标准CX/MRL2-2018。研究表明,我国兽药残留限量标准涉及94种兽药品种及1548个限量值,在数量上已全面超过CAC标准。但在兽药品种方面与CAC标准还存在差异,其中CAC规定限量的4种畜用兽药和3种渔用兽药兽药品种没有列入GB 31650标准清单,因此需要进一步加强该类兽药在我国的使用现状调查与风险评估,推进与国际标准的接轨。研究结果有助于理解我国最新的兽药残留标准与国际标准的差距,推动完善我国动物源性农产品中兽药残留限量标准体系,也可为我国兽药的生产和安全使用提供借鉴。     

我国与南方共同市场动物源性食品中重金属限量标准的对比分析

目的探究我国与南共市动物源性食品重金属限量标准的异同。方法根据GB 2762—2014《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》以及南共市在2013年8月29日第42号合议理事会决议中制定的南方共同市场关于食品中无机污染物最大限量的技术法规,分析2个标准重金属检测项目、涉及动物源性食品种类和主要动物源性食品限量指标的异同。结果我国在动物源性食品重金属检测项目和涉及动物源性食品种类上均比南共市规定的多。在限量指标方面,南共市水产动物及其制品的砷限量、肉及肉制品、水产动物及其制品和蛋及蛋制品中铅限量、畜禽肾脏中的镉限量均比中国规定宽松。结论我国监管部门应对南共市规定较为宽松的检测项目予以关注。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press