马铃薯渣不溶性膳食纤维超微粉碎改性工艺优化

以马铃薯渣不溶性膳食纤维为原料,通过胶体磨对马铃薯渣不溶性膳食纤维进行湿法超微粉碎改性,选取胶体磨齿间距、料液比、粉碎时间、胶体磨转速为试验因素,以溶解度为指标,通过单因素和正交试验确定马铃薯渣不溶性膳食纤维超微粉碎改性的最佳工艺条件,即胶体磨齿间距8.00μm、胶体磨转速3 000r/min、时间5min、料液比1:60(m:V),在该条件下,溶解度达到18.33%。     

谷物类物料湿法超细粉碎机理与实验研究

通过对谷物类物料物性的分析,提出谷物类物料的有效粉碎方式应为剪切式切割粉碎.对剪切式湿法超细粉碎机理进行研究,得出粉碎效果主要受转子转速、静刀片间隙(以静刀片齿数作为参考)和循环次数的影响,并利用研制的湿法超细粉碎机,以玉米作为实验原料设计正交试验进行验证,得出一组最优的参数组合.研究结果表明,当转子转速为9 000 r/min,静刀片齿数为222齿,循环次数为3次时,玉米被粉碎后颗粒的平均粒径可以达到30 μm左右.     

不同径向载荷与转速下纺纱锭杆振动机理的仿真分析与试验

针对锭子高速运转时径向载荷过大、转速过高导致振动幅度过大,进而引起锭子失稳和磨损失效的问题,利用有限元模态分析与试验相结合的方法,研究径向载荷与转速对YD6103E型高速锭子振动特性的影响规律,阐明不同径向载荷与转速下纺纱锭杆的振动机理。结果显示,锭子转速为5 000 r/min时达到一阶临界转速,之后振幅逐渐衰减,10 000 r/min时达到一阶动态平衡状态,转速在10 000～15 000 r/min区间振幅逐渐增大,15 000 r/min时达到极大值后呈现下降趋势。这与有限元仿真结果基本一致。转速低于15 000 r/min时,5 kg的径向载荷可使锭子具有优异的振动性能,转速高于15 000 r/min时施加0.5 kg径向载荷的锭子具有更好的动平衡状态。     

苦荞麦粉的挤压膨化特性研究

本文研究了苦荞麦粉在QPS65X2型双螺杆挤压膨化机膨化时,螺杆转速,含水量,进料量对膨化度的影响,结果表明化度随含水量增加而下降,随杆转速,进料量的增加而上升,研究了苦荞麦粉与其它辅料（大豆,芝麻,南瓜粉）的配比,螺杆转速,进料量,含水量协同挤压膨化,结果表明：苦荞麦心粉与皮粉的比例为70：30,螺杆转速为350r/min,进料量为450g/min,水分含量为15％时膨化效果最好;苦荞麦粉与大豆的比例为95：5,螺杆转速为350r/min,进料量为350g/min,水分含量为10％时膨化效果最好;苦荞麦粉与芝麻的比例为98：2,螺杆转速为350r/min,进料量为450g/min,水分含量为15％时膨化效果最好;苦荞麦粉与南瓜的比例为95：5,螺杆转速为350r/min,进料量为550g/min,水分含量为10％时膨化效果最好。     

均质与加糖对蛋清液凝胶性与起泡性的影响

试验以鸡蛋蛋清液为对象,通过在不等的均质转速和时间条件下及加糖量不等的条件下处理,研究均质与加糖对蛋清液凝胶性与起泡性的影响。结果表明,随着转速增加,蛋清液的起泡性先递增后递减,在均质转速16 000r/min、均质时间4 min、加糖量5%时蛋清液起泡性最好;在均质转速10 000 r/min、均质时间2 min、加糖量5%时凝胶硬度具有最大值;在实际工业生产中,最适均质转速和时间条件分别为16 000 r/min和4 min。通过起泡性对加糖量作图可得,加糖量对蛋清液起泡性的影响不显著。经过均质和加糖处理后得到的蛋清凝胶的硬度也有不同变化趋势,一定速率和时间的均质对蛋清液的凝胶硬度有促进作用,较高速率和较长时间的均质会使凝胶硬度逐渐减小。     

双螺杆挤压鸡肉混合物工艺参数的优化

以大豆、大米、鸡肉、全脂乳粉为原料,按一定比例混合,采用Box-Behnken中心组合试验研究双螺杆挤压工艺参数。综合考察物料含水率、喂料速度、螺杆转速、温度对糊化度的影响,在此基础上对变量进行响应面分析,得出最佳挤压参数是:物料含水率23.32%,五区温度105℃,螺杆转速160r/min,喂料速度30r/min。     

挤压膨化后微体化预处理水酶法提取大豆油脂工艺研究

在单因素实验的基础上,选取挤压温度、螺杆转速、物料含水量、模孔孔径和膨化后物料粉碎粒度5个因素为自变量,以总油提取率为响应值,进行响应面实验设计,确定了最佳提油率下的挤压-微体化参数。结果表明,挤压最佳条件为温度96℃、螺杆转速96r/min、物料含水率14.6%、模孔孔径15mm、膨化后物料粉碎粒度120目,此时提油率为94.34%±0.74%。并且采用红外光谱分析了大豆挤压膨化前后提取的大豆分离蛋白二级结构变化,进而讨论蛋白结构变化对水酶法提取油脂过程中油脂释放的影响,结果表明,挤压膨化后蛋白质二级结构中β-折叠含量降低,无规卷曲含量升高,蛋白质由有序向无序结构的转化,可以使得酶解过程中油脂释放量增加。      

20~100目膨化黑米粉的控制性粉碎研究

在粉碎膨化黑米的过程中,为了得到20~100目这一特定粒度段的膨化黑米粉,试验采用自制的叶轮式粉碎机在干法状态下研究膨化黑米的控制性粉碎。考察了在改变筛笼与叶轮间隙、粉碎主机转速、引风机流量及筛笼孔径的情况下对粉体产量、20目以上的粗粉在试验产品中的质量占比(η1)、20~100目粉体在试验产品中的质量占比(η2)的变化规律。结果表明:筛笼与叶轮间隙为8 mm时,产量和η2比5 mm时高;随着粉碎主机转速从864 r/min增大到1 152 r/min及引风机流量从868 m3/h增大到1 409 m3/h时,产量不断提高,η2不断减小;筛笼孔径为10 mm时,产量和η2比5 mm和8 mm时高。在筛笼孔径改变的情况下,η1会大幅度变化。筛笼与叶轮间隙为8 mm、粉碎主机转速为864 r/min、引风机流量为868 m3/h及筛笼孔径10 mm时,η2最大。     

双螺杆挤压机工艺参数对组织蛋白的影响

本文采用新型双螺杆食品挤压机,进行了挤压加工大豆组织蛋白和工程内制品的试验研究,获得了螺杆转速,含水量和温度对挤压过程和产品组织化质量的影响规律,研究表明,螺杆转速在80r/min,100r/min之间,含水量在38％－44％之间,大豆组织蛋白的挤压组织化质量良好,螺杆转速在60r/min,80r/min这间,含水量在60％－65％之间,工程内制品的挤压组织化质量良好,优化的机筒温度和机头温度分布为：30℃－45℃－80℃100℃－130℃－150℃－100℃。     

红曲液态发酵高产色素低产桔霉素的工艺条件

通过优化液态发酵过程及提取精制过程中的相应措施,可有效降低红曲桔霉素含量。优化后的小型发酵罐主要工艺条件是:精选氮源(大豆水解液为佳);合理的通风量和搅拌转速[小型罐通风强度1.0L/(L·min),转速200r/min];在较高的温度下发酵(36℃);尽可能缩短发酵时间(96h);成熟发酵液在过滤前调节pH,使色素沉淀,从而与桔霉素分离。所得到红曲红色价分别为2 000U/g、10 000 U/g,桔霉素含量分别为0.282 mg/kg和1.373 mg/kg(折算为500U/g时的桔霉素含量为0.075mg/kg和0.067mg/kg),均低于红曲色素日本标准中桔霉素含量的限量指标(0.2 mg/kg即500 U/g)。说明通过发酵工艺及提取精制的优化,在不影响色素高产的情况下可将红曲色素中的桔霉素含量降至理想的水平。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the