沙棘多糖分离纯化及抗氧化活性

分离纯化沙棘多糖（sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) polysaccharides,SBP）,并对其单糖组分、结构表征及体外抗氧化活性进行分析。通过水提醇沉、Sevag法除蛋白得到沙棘粗多糖,利用DEAE-52纤维素柱对其进行分离纯化得到中性多糖SBP-I和酸性多糖SBP-II、SBP-III 3 种组分。单糖组分结果表明,SBP-I由物质的量比为1.18∶1∶2.20∶32.17∶1.45的阿拉伯糖、木糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖及半乳糖组成;SBP-II由物质的量比为1∶0.28∶1.02∶0.20的木糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖及半乳糖组成;SBP-III由物质的量比为1∶2.15∶0.28的木糖、葡萄糖及半乳糖组成;红外光谱测定表明,3 种组分均具有多糖的特征吸收峰;体外抗氧化实验结果表明,粗多糖及3 种纯化多糖组分均具有较好的抗氧化性且随样品质量浓度的增加抗氧化活性也随之升高,抗氧化能力大小顺序为：VC＞SBP-III＞SBP-II＞SBP-I＞粗多糖。     

气相色谱法分析豌豆粉渣中多糖的单糖组分

采用糖醇衍生化方法,运用气相色谱分析测定豌豆粉渣中多糖的单糖组分及各单糖的相对组成比例。结果表明：经水洗处理的豌豆粉渣中各单糖的相对组成质量比为鼠李糖∶阿拉伯糖∶木糖∶葡萄糖∶半乳糖=1.00∶92.00∶39.50∶21.80∶12.30;未经水洗处理的豌豆粉渣中各单糖的相对组成质量比为鼠李糖∶阿拉伯糖∶木糖∶葡萄糖∶半乳糖=1.00∶68.86∶38.43∶25.00∶9.57。豌豆粉渣中多糖主要由阿拉伯糖和木糖组成,其中阿拉伯糖的相对含量为23.78%。     

衍生化气相色谱法测定亚麻胶的单糖组成

目的采用衍生化气相色谱法(GC)测定亚麻胶的单糖组成。方法从亚麻粕中提取纯化得亚麻胶,经酸水解、衍生化后,用气相色谱分析。结果亚麻胶样品中鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、岩藻糖、木糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖的质量分数分别为12.13%,6.83%,4.30%,12.70%,3.75%,10.15%,15.30%。结论亚麻胶主要由鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、岩藻糖、木糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖7种单糖组成,以半乳糖含量最高。     

亚麻籽胶化学组成和结构的研究

通过气相色谱测定表明,亚麻籽胶含有木糖、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、鼠李糖、岩藻糖六种单糖,其中木糖是亚麻籽胶的主要单糖组分,而岩藻糖是亚麻籽胶中含量最少的单糖组分。采用DEAE-SepharoseCL-6B柱层析将亚麻籽胶中多糖进行分离,研究结果表明,亚麻籽胶中多糖是由中性多糖和酸性多糖组成的,而且蛋白质是与酸性多糖结合在一起。Sepharose2B凝胶过滤色谱表明,亚麻籽胶的分子量较大,分布较均一。     

不同产地大花红景天多糖的单糖组成分析

通过气相色谱-质谱联用技术对不同产地大花红景天水提和碱提粗多糖的单糖组成及其比例进行分析。结果表明:西藏3个产地大花红景天水提粗多糖ST-Ⅰ、ST-Ⅱ、ST-Ⅲ均由鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖构成,摩尔比分别为:1∶2.86∶0.43∶2.12∶0.63、1∶2.81∶0.28∶1.72∶0.37、1∶3.37∶0.58∶2.36∶0.66;碱提粗多糖JT-Ⅰ、JT-Ⅱ由甘露糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖构成,摩尔比分别为:1∶0.93∶2.90、1∶2.01∶2.92,JT-Ⅲ与其他两地相比,单糖组成有较大差异,由鼠李糖、岩藻糖、阿拉伯糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖,其摩尔比为5.60∶1.02∶13.20∶1∶9.27∶0.92。     

壶瓶枣多糖的纯化及结构初步分析

采用Sepharose CL-6B凝胶柱纯化壶瓶枣多糖（polysaccharides from Zizyphus jujube Mill. cv. Hupingzao,简称ZJP）ZJP-2和ZJP-5组分,并对纯化后多糖的结构进行分析。结果表明：经纯化后得到ZJP-2b和ZJP-5a两种组分均一的壶瓶枣活性多糖,分子质量分别为89.21、61.60 kD,均具备多糖的特征吸收峰,且均以β-构型的吡喃糖为主;ZJP-2b中单糖组成主要为鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖,其物质的量比为32.4∶9.5∶9.4∶14.7∶9.7,而ZJP-5a中单糖组成主要为鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖、甘露糖和半乳糖,其物质的量比为20.2∶42.9∶2.2∶7.5∶14.5;当质量浓度为3.5 mg/mL时,ZJP-2b和ZJP-5a的羟自由基清除率分别为30.51%和57.22%。     

莲藕渣多糖的单糖组分测定

目的:利用气相色谱法测定莲藕渣中多糖的单糖组分。方法:通过水提醇沉法从莲藕渣中提取多糖,将提取的多糖经纯化、水解、衍生化后,利用气相色谱对其单糖组分进行分析。结果:水提醇沉法得到莲藕渣粗多糖LRP,得率为2.68%;经分离纯化得莲藕渣多糖LRP1和LRP2,其单糖组成为鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、葡萄糖、木糖、半乳糖和岩藻糖,且其摩尔比为5.32∶16.03∶5.14∶1.02∶25.98∶2.32。结论:莲藕渣多糖主要由半乳糖和阿拉伯糖组成,其中半乳糖的含量最高,为25.98%。     

GC和HPLC分析金银花多糖的单糖组成方法比较

目的:GC法和HPLC法分析金银花多糖的单糖组成,并对两种方法进行比较。方法:金银花多糖经2.0 mol·L-1的三氟乙酸水解后,用糖腈乙酸酯衍生化-GC法和1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮(PMP)柱前衍生化-HPLC法分别测定其单糖组成及其比例。结果:GC法检测出金银花多糖由鼠李糖(L-Rha)、阿拉伯糖(D-Ara)、甘露糖(D-Man)、木糖(D-Xyl)、葡萄糖(D-Glc)、半乳糖(D-Gal)组成;HPLC法检测到金银花多糖中含有甘露糖(D-Man)、鼠李糖(L-Rha)、葡萄糖醛酸(D-GlcA)、葡萄糖(D-Glc)、半乳糖(D-Gal)、阿拉伯糖(D-Ara)和木糖(D-Xyl),其中半乳糖(D-Gal)与阿拉伯糖(D-Ara)的色谱峰重叠。结论:两种方法均能检测出中性糖,HPLC法不仅能测中性糖,还能检测出葡萄糖醛酸,对金银花多糖的单糖组成分析GC与HPLC联合使用较为合适。     

桑黄子实体多糖提取工艺及单糖组成研究

通过单因素实验和正交实验,从提取温度、料液比、提取次数、提取时间四个方面研究多糖提取条件,得出最佳条件为:提取温度95%,料液比1:50,提取次数2次,提取时间2h.运用薄层色谱和气相色谱分析单糖组成,日本桑黄(R)子实体多糖单糖组成为鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、葡萄糖、甘露糖和半乳糖;韩国桑黄(H)子实体多糖单糖组成为鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖、葡萄糖、甘露糖和半乳糖.     

生姜皮多糖的分离纯化及其结构组成分析

以生姜皮为原料,经热水浸提法,乙醇醇沉得到生姜皮粗多糖。再经DEAE-纤维素-52阴离子交换柱和Sephadex?G-100凝胶柱对所得粗多糖进行层析纯化,得到3种水溶性生姜皮多糖(GE-1、GE-2、GE-3)。利用高效液相色谱与蒸发光散射检测器联用测定各多糖组分的分子质量,利用柱前衍生高效液相色谱法分析各多糖组分的单糖组成,通过紫外光谱扫描、红外光谱扫描进一步分析各组分多糖结构。结果表明3种纯化多糖组分总糖含量分别为(98.06±0.15)%、(97.41±0.42)%、(97.89±0.22)%,分子质量分别为462、194 k D和376 k D。GE-1的单糖组成主要为甘露糖、葡萄糖、木糖,含有微量的半乳糖,其物质的量比为1.25∶6∶1;GE-2的单糖组成主要为甘露糖、葡萄糖和岩藻糖,其物质的量比为2.51∶9.25∶1;GE-3的单糖组成主要为甘露糖、核糖、半乳糖、阿拉伯糖,其物质的量比为17.39∶1∶1.89∶1.23。紫外光谱扫描结果显示3种多糖组分无明显的核酸和蛋白质吸收峰,红外光谱结果分析得出GE-1、GE-2和GE-3含有多糖类物质的特征吸收峰。     

蒲公英多糖酶解辅助提取工艺优化及其单糖组成分析

本试验以蒲公英多糖含量为指标,利用单因素结合Box-Behnken响应面法对酶解工艺进行研究,并测定了未酶解和酶解蒲公英粗多糖的单糖组成及扫描电镜。结果表明:蒲公英原料中添加10%麸皮,在温度57.6 ℃、酶添加量1532 U/g、含水量55%的条件下酶解12.3 h后,蒲公英多糖含量可达到218.21 mg/g,较酶解前（122.53 mg/g）提高了78.09%。酶解后蒲公英多糖主要由甘露糖、鼠李糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖、岩藻糖组成,其摩尔比为2.99:10.65:18:14.82:8.61:9.20:0.83;与酶解前相比,甘露糖、鼠李糖、半乳糖、木糖含量分别增加了0.74%、490.54%、1.56%、87.79%,同时产生了岩藻糖,但葡萄糖、阿拉伯糖下降了11.05%、8.66%。酶解后蒲公英多糖变得表面粗糙,孔洞增多,结构疏松,但其原因还有待进一步探讨。本试验研究结果将为深度开发利用蒲公英资源提供一定的理论依据。     

双孢菇菇柄多糖柱层析纯化及单糖组成

以双孢菇菇柄为试材,首先对经超声提取得到的菇柄多糖进行柱层析分离纯化,然后对柱层析得到的多糖组分别采用紫外光谱和柱层析进行纯度分析,并进行红外光谱分析和单糖组成分析。结果表明,脱蛋白双孢菇菇柄多糖经DEAE Sephadex A-25柱层析纯化共得到4个组分,收集其中两个较多的组分(蒸馏水和0.1 mol/L NaCl洗脱组分),经紫外光谱扫描无核酸和蛋白质,经Sephadex G-200柱层析鉴定均为单一峰。所得两种多糖组分经FT-IR红外光谱分析,均含有多糖特征吸收峰,且均为吡喃糖环β-异构体的多糖。菇柄蒸馏水洗脱多糖组分由葡萄糖、半乳糖、甘露糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖组成,0.1 mol/L NaCl洗脱组分是由葡萄糖、半乳糖、甘露糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖、鼠李糖、氨基葡萄糖、氨基半乳糖组成。     

茶叶酸性多糖的分离、纯化及其理化性质研究

采用水提醇沉法从采自江西婺源的粗老绿茶中提取茶叶多糖,通过Sevag法脱蛋白得到精制茶叶多糖,应用高效凝胶渗透色谱法（high performance gel permeation chromatography,HPGPC）分析茶叶多糖纯度并测定其分子质量,进一步测定茶叶多糖的糖含量、蛋白质含量、单糖组成、糖醛酸组成等理化指标,同时对其进行紫外和红外光谱扫描,考察其光谱性质。结果表明：该茶叶多糖组分为均一性高的酸性多糖组分,分子质量约为289 734 D,糖含量为55.1%,蛋白质含量为1.8%。该茶叶多糖酸性组分主要由鼠李糖、核糖、阿拉伯糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖组成,其物质的量比为1.26∶3.18∶4.08∶1.00∶1.52∶3.92,该茶叶多糖酸性组分中含有大量半乳糖醛酸,含量为33.5%。     

紫苏籽多糖分离纯化及抗肿瘤活性

为了探究紫苏籽多糖（Perilla frutescens seed polysaccharide,PFSP）的抗肿瘤活性,利用传统方法从紫苏籽中提取粗多糖,利用DEAE-52纤维素和葡聚糖G-100柱层析分离纯化获得紫苏籽多糖,并测定该多糖对H22荷瘤小鼠免疫系统的影响。结果表明,紫苏籽粗多糖得率为8.38%,分离纯化后得到3个组分,分别命名为PFSP-1、PFSP-2和PFSP-3。PFSP-1由甘露糖、半乳糖、木糖及阿拉伯糖（物质的量之比为0.01∶0.06∶0.11∶0.81）组成,PFSP-2由甘露糖、木糖及阿拉伯糖（物质的量之比为0.28∶0.28∶0.41）组成,PFSP-3由鼠李糖、葡萄糖醛酸、葡萄糖、半乳糖、木糖及阿拉伯糖（物质的量之比为0.013∶0.024∶0.040∶0.080∶0.120∶0.700）组成;3个组分均具有多糖特征吸收峰,为吡喃环型多聚糖。抗肿瘤实验表明,PFSP-2抑瘤率显著高于PFSP-1和PFSP-3(P<0.05);对PFSP-2进一步研究发现,与模型组相比,PFSP-2可显著降低乳酸脱氢酶、醛缩酶和白细胞介素（interleukin...     

仙人掌多糖的分子量及单糖组成分析

对仙人掌多糖分子量及其单糖组成进行了研究。采用水提醇沉法提取多糖,DEAE-纤维素离子交换层析柱分离纯化,高效凝胶过滤色谱法(HPGFC)测定多糖分子量,1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮(PMP)柱前衍生化高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定单糖组成。结果表明:此法最终获得三个多糖组分OPS-1、OPS-2、OPS-3,相对分子量分别为124712、197943、43083。OPS-1含葡萄糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖,摩尔比为1.5:12.9:1.0;OPS-2含甘露糖、鼠李糖、葡萄糖醛酸、半乳糖醛酸、葡萄糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖,摩尔比为1.0:15.6:1.0:2.4:8.2:41.6:36.3;OPS-3含鼠李糖、葡萄糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖,摩尔比为1.0:2.4:1.4:1.4。为仙人掌多糖的进一步研究及开发提供了科学依据。     

Cultivar and Maturity Effects on Muskmelon ( Cucumis melo) Colour,Texture and Cell Wall Polysaccharide Composition

Cell wall polysaccharides (CWP) of two types of melons were isolated and purified. Fractionations were performed using cyclohexanetrans-1,2-diamine tetraacetate (CDTA), Na₂CO₃, guanidinium thiocyanate (GTC) and KOH. Alditol acetate derivatives of neutral sugars from each CWP fraction were prepared and analysed by gas chromatography. Trifluoro-acetic acid insoluble fractions were analysed colorimetrically and uronic acid was determined. The CDTA and Na₂CO₃ fractions were found to be composed of typical pectic materialscontaining primarily galacturonic acid with the neutral sugars arabinose, galactose, rhamnose and a smaller amount of xylose. As maturity increased, CDTA fraction yields increased, though total neutral sugar CWP compositions decreased. GTC and KOH fractions were typical of hemicellulose, and contained principally xylose, glucose, galactose, mannose and fucose, with very small amounts of uronic acid, arabinose and rhamnose. The residues contained principally glucose and galactose, with smaller amounts of mannose, xylose, arabinose and fucose. With the exception of xylose and glucose, all neutral sugars decreased significantly during ripening in both the Cantaloupe and Honey Dew melons. Total uronic acid did not change as maturity increased, except for Cantaloupe, where total uronic acid decreased from the ripe to overripe stages. Relationships between firmness, drip loss and other composition measurements, as well as the total CWP sugar composition, were also determined. Only the CDTA fraction yields were negatively correlated with the changes in firmness of both melons and positively correlated with changes in drip loss as maturity increased.     

Antioxidant activity of sulphated polysaccharide conjugates from abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino)

The water-soluble sulphated polysaccharide conjugates were obtained from abalone viscera (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) by alkaline protease extraction followed by ethanol precipitation. Their antioxidant activities were evaluated in vitro by hydroxyl radicals scavenging activity, reducing power and metal chelating activity. Those various antioxidant activities were compared to standard antioxidants ascorbic acid and EDTA. The experimental results indicated that the crude extract having notable hydroxyl free radicals scavenging activity and moderate reducing power and chelating potency. The crude sulphated polysaccharide conjugates was enzymatically hydrolyzed by five commercially available proteases (trypsin, vernase, neutrase, pepsin and papain), and the resultant digests were tested for their antioxidant activities. Those proteolytic hydrolysates, although improving the hydroxyl radical scavenging activity in all cases except one, had lower reducing power and 3–15 times lower chelating ability than the native extract. Product derived from pepsin hydrolysate was fractionated by gel-filtration chromatography with sephadex G-100, giving two fractions containing sulphated polysaccharide conjugates termed ACP I and ACP II. The neutral monosaccharide composition of ACP I is rhamnose, fucose, xylose, mannose, galactose and glucose in a molar ratio of 1.00:45.14:4.00:5.36:33.18:2.15, with an average molecular weight of about 271 kDa. The neutral monosaccharide composition of ACP II is rhamnose, fucose, xylose, mannose, galactose and glucose in a molar ratio of 1.00:12.51:1.33:4.98:16.08:1.46, with an average molecular weight of about 6 kDa.     

Structural analysis of a polysaccharide from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Patinopecten yessoensis</Emphasis> viscera

A water-soluble polysaccharide, SVP-2, was obtained from Patinopecten yessoensis viscera. Its major structural features were elucidated using composition analysis, methylation analysis, periodate oxidation and Smith degradation, partial acid hydrolysis, and NMR spectroscopy. The results indicated that SVP-2, with an average molecular weight of 170 kDa, was composed of rhamnose, fucose, arabian, xylose, mannose, galactose, and glucose in molar ratios of 1.65:2.54:4.05:5.60:1.48:4.90:1.00. Furthermore, it could deduce that the backbone of SVP-2 consisted of 1,3,4-linked pyran fucose, 1,3,4-linked pyran galactose, and 1,3-linked pyran arabian residues.