近红外光谱法快速测定饮料酒中酒精度

研究了近红外光谱法快速测定饮料酒中酒精度的技术方法。基于专用型近红外光谱仪,以模式葡萄酒为研究对象,确定该方法的线性范围。用该方法与数字密度计法同时测定100份葡萄酒样品,进行方法比较。并进一步研究该方法对测定其他类型饮料酒酒精度的准确性,包括发酵酒(果酒、清酒和黄酒)以及蒸馏酒(伏特加,威士忌、白兰地、朗姆酒和白酒)。该方法实际数值显示范围为0~28%vol,在0~20%vol范围内结果较准确。与密度计法测定葡萄酒中酒精度比较,经t检验(t0.05,4=2.78)和F检验(F0.05(2,2)=19.0),两种方法结果一致,没有显著性差异。与密度计法测定其他类型饮料酒中酒精度比较,符合性判别结果也均一致。研究表明,该方法操作简便、快速、重复性好、既可满足葡萄酒的日常酒精度检测需求外,还可应用于其他饮料酒样品。     

近红外光谱法快速测定饮料酒中酒精度

研究了近红外光谱法快速测定饮料酒中酒精度的技术方法。基于专用型近红外光谱仪,以模式葡萄酒为研究对象,确定该方法的线性范围。用该方法与数字密度计法同时测定100份葡萄酒样品,进行方法比较。并进一步研究该方法对测定其他类型饮料酒酒精度的准确性,包括发酵酒（果酒、清酒和黄酒）以及蒸馏酒（伏特加,威士忌、白兰地、朗姆酒和白酒）。该方法实际数值显示范围为0~28% vol,在0~20% vol范围内结果较准确。与密度计法测定葡萄酒中酒精度比较,经t检验（t0.05,4=2.78）和F检验（F0.05(2, 2)=19.0）,两种方法结果一致,没有显著性差异。与密度计法测定其他类型饮料酒中酒精度比较,符合性判别结果也均一致。研究表明,该方法操作简便、快速、重复性好、既可满足葡萄酒的日常酒精度检测需求外,还可应用于其他饮料酒样品。     

基于蒸汽蒸馏的黄酒和葡萄酒酒精度测定方法研究及应用

目的 建立一种利用蒸汽蒸馏测定黄酒和葡萄酒酒精度的方法,并比较该方法与水浴加热蒸馏法测定市售黄酒和葡萄酒酒精度结果的差异。方法 通过分析模拟酒样蒸馏前后酒精度测定结果的差异以及蒸馏时间对酒精度测定结果的影响,验证利用蒸汽蒸馏测定酒精度的可行性,并确定蒸馏时间;通过乙醇回收率实验分析蒸汽蒸馏测定黄酒和葡萄酒酒精度的准确性;分别采用蒸汽蒸馏和水浴加热蒸馏对市售不同酒精度的黄酒和葡萄酒进行测定,比较两方法测定结果的差异。结果 模拟酒样在使用蒸汽蒸馏前后测得的酒精度无显著性差异,最适蒸馏时间为8min;黄酒和葡萄酒采用蒸汽蒸馏测得的加标回收率分别为95.9%和98.8%;蒸汽蒸馏与水浴加热蒸馏对市售不同酒精度的黄酒和葡萄酒的酒精度测定结果一致,无显著性差异(P>0.05),精密度也符合国家标准要求。结论 蒸汽蒸馏法适用于黄酒和葡萄酒酒精度的测定,结果准确、重复性好。与水浴加热蒸馏相比,其操作更简便、快速。     

非蒸馏法测定啤酒的酒精度和原麦汁浓度

通过测定脱气而不蒸馏的啤酒样品及浸出物溶液的比重,在开发的软件程序上运行后可得出酒精度、真正浓度、原麦汁浓度及真正发酵度等参数结果,该方法不需额外实验室硬件投入,比GB4928-91标准中蒸馏法测酒精度及原麦汁浓度含量提高效率8倍.     

密度瓶法测定白酒酒精度的分析方法优化研究

白酒的主要成份是水和乙醇，乙醇是白酒的重要指标，世界上一些主要国家对白酒中乙醇含量即酒清度均进行了严格的限制。本文通过对酒精度密度瓶分析方法进行探索，引进自动冰浴蒸馏仪器，对重要环节进行进一步细化和控制，考察精密度和准确度。分析结果表明，优化和细化后的分析方法，精确度和准确度较高，能更好地满足酒精度分析检测，特别是满足出口酒酒精度质控要求。     

密度瓶法测定糯米酒中酒精度的不确定度评定

目的评定密度瓶法测定糯米酒中酒精度的不确定度。方法分析测定过程中不确定度的来源;通过统计方法从测量重复性、温度计读数偏移、密度瓶校准、容量瓶的容量允差和天平校准等方面计算各分量的标准不确定度;最后计算合成不确定度和扩展不确定度。结果当糯米酒的酒精度为13.65%vol时,扩展不确定度U=0.11%vol (k=2)。结论密度瓶法测定糯米酒中酒精度过程中,密度瓶校准的不确定度分量所带来的影响最大,是该方法不确定度的主要来源;其次是是测量重复性;读数偏移、容量允差、天平称量的误差等对其测定不确定度的影响较小。     

葡萄酒和黄酒中酒精度快速测定方法研究

采用快速蒸馏仪与酒精度快速测定仪分析葡萄酒和黄酒的酒精度。优化验证了馏出液体积和不同校正方式对测定结果的影响,并对相关方法学性能进行了系统分析。方法测定精确度为±0.03%vol,日内精密度和日间精密度RSD分别为0.15%和0.18%,对于不同类型的葡萄酒和黄酒的测定值与酒精计法的测定结果相一致,无差异(p0.05)。该方法简单快速,可在3分钟之内完成蒸馏与测定,准确性、时效性强,可广泛应用于相关检测机构及生产企业的质量控制、生产指导等方面。     

U形振荡管密度仪在白酒酒精度检测中的应用

采用U形振荡管法数字式密度仪测定乙醇标准水溶液和白酒样品的酒精度,操作简便快速,结果精密度高,与国标酒精计法测定结果一致,准确性好,适用于白酒酒精度的测定。     

啤酒酒精度测定方法研究

采用密度瓶法与气相色谱法进行测定啤酒酒精度.经比较两种测定方法的结果相差不大,但是气相色谱法相对于密度瓶法具有分析周期短、分析样品量大、操作快捷简便的特点.     

葡萄酒酒精度检测方法的改进

通过对5个不同葡萄酒样品在不同温度下,且保持取样温度与定容温度一致的情况下,用密度瓶法测得的酒精度与其在20℃下的检测结果进行比较,得出同一样品不同温度下的结果之间是没有差异的,从而得出试验温度不必一定控制在20℃,一般温度也均可的结论,这样就加快了检测速度,提高了工作效率.     

Lead in alcoholic beverages

Following the finding that blood lead concentrations in middle-aged men were positively associated with alcohol consumption, the Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution recommended that information on lead in alcoholic beverages be obtained. The results reported here were obtained in response to the Royal Commission's request. About 90% of canned and bottled beers contained less than or equal to 10 micrograms/l of lead, whereas nearly half the draught beers sampled contained greater than 10 micrograms/l and 4% contained greater than 100 micrograms/l. Opening the cans and bottles and pouring the contents into a glass had no significant effect on the lead concentration in the beer. All wines sampled directly from the bottle, that is without pouring, contained less than 250 micrograms/l of lead. However the lead concentration in some wines contained in lead-capped bottles increased significantly when the wine was poured from the bottle, in one instance the increment was 1890 micrograms/l. It is concluded that consumption of beer containing 50 micrograms/l of lead could make a substantial contribution to blood lead concentrations in man. Consumption of 1 l/day of wine containing 150 micrograms/l of lead could also make a major contribution to blood lead concentrations. Lead contamination of wine when it is poured from a bottle, which had been lead-capped, can sometimes greatly increase lead concentrations in the wine.     

酒中毒原因分析

酒中毒事件几乎每天都在发生,深深危害了人类的健康,并对人们的生活造成了严重的影响。关于酒中毒致人癫狂、胃出血、死亡,酒后驾驶害人害己等事件的新闻报道屡见不鲜。因此如何饮酒、饮健康酒、杜绝酒中毒事件就成为了社会密切关心的问题。酒中毒并不仅仅是酒精中毒,还包括酒中的甲醇、铅、氰化物等其他物质过量摄入而导致中毒,并且不同因素所致中毒的表现及人体受损部位都各有特点,在实际生活中可根据中毒表现去判断导致酒中毒的原因。本文综述了酒中毒的现象和导致酒中毒的因素,并对酒精、甲醇、铅、氰化物等因素作了详细的分析,从而为避免酒中毒事件的发生提供了一定的指导作用。     

混菌发酵生产酒饮料

论述了混菌发酵生产酒饮料的原理、方法及操作步骤,分析了混菌发酵生产酒饮料的发展前景及推广价值。     

Oak lactones in alcoholic beverages

Abstract

The identification of oak lactone(s) has led to numerous studies in an attempt to better understand their formation and contribution to overall alcoholic beverage flavor. This review is an attempt to report on and evaluate the 25 years of literature that has accumulated in the area. Special emphasis is placed on oak lactone occurrence, formation, synthesis, and sensory properties.     

酒精发酵强度分析

分析了两个大型酒精企业的发酵强度，从几个关键环节入手提出了提高发酵强度关键措施，这对提高经济效益至关重要。     

Monoalkyl carbonates in carbonated alcoholic beverages

The presence of monoethyl carbonate (MEC) in beer and sparkling wine is demonstrated for the first time, as well as the formation of this species in drinks prepared with a distilled beverage and a carbonated soft drink. A capillary electrophoresis (CE) equipment with two capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detector (C⁴D) was used to identify and quantify this species. The concentrations of MEC in samples of lager beer and rum and cola drink were, respectively, 1.2 and 4.1 mmol/l, which agree with the levels of ethanol and CO₂ available in these products. Previous results about the kinetics of the reaction suggest that only a small amount of MEC should be formed after the ingredients of a drink are mixed. However, in all three cases (whisky and club soda; rum with cola; gin and tonic water), MEC was quickly formed, which was attributed to the low pH of the drinks.     

Production technologies for reduced alcoholic wines

The production and sale of alcohol-reduced wines, and the lowering of ethanol concentration in wines with alcohol levels greater than acceptable for a specific wine style, poses a number of technical and marketing challenges. Several engineering solutions and wine production strategies that focus upon pre- or postfermentation technologies have been described and patented for production of wines with lower ethanol concentrations than would naturally arise through normal fermentation and wine production techniques. However, consumer perception and acceptance of the sensory quality of wines manufactured by techniques that utilize thermal distillation for alcohol removal is generally unfavorable. This negative perception from consumers has focused attention on nonthermal production processes and the development or selection of specific yeast strains with downregulated or modified gene expression for alcohol production. The information presented in this review will allow winemakers to assess the relative technical merits of each of the technologies described and make decisions regarding implementation of novel winemaking techniques for reducing ethanol concentration in wine.     

纤维素酒精发酵的研究进展

本文介绍了纤维素的结构、特征和纤维素酒精发酵的途径,并综述了目前国内外纤维素酒精发酵的研究进展,特别是基因工程、固定化等现代生物工程技术在这一领域的应用。     

高效酒精发酵剂的研制

介绍了在以淀粉为原料进行酒精发酵时,通过添加酸性蛋白酶使原料中蛋白质分解,并促使酵母生长,缩短发酵周期,从而为制造高效酒精发酵剂创造条件。选择宇佐美曲霉M90的突变株537为出发株,采用固体培养法实验,优化筛选出的M90—537—42酸性蛋白酶活力达15000～17000u／g(干物),并含有较高活性的木聚糖酶、纤维素酶、果胶酶和糖化酶等水解酶。通过酒精发酵试验,确定添加0．1％复合酸性蛋白酶麸曲可使酒精产量增加2％,加入等量的活性干酵母混合即构成高效酒精发酵剂,与对照相比,发酵醪酒浓度可提高约2％,原料出酒率可提高5％,经济效益十分明显。     

纤维素发酵生产燃料酒精研究

该文介绍利用纤维素发酵生产燃料酒精工艺及其在世界各国发展状况;重点阐述纤维素发酵生产酒精工艺中预处理、水解及发酵过程,并对该工业在我国发展提出建议。