基于SYBR Green Ⅰ熔解曲线分析的食品中转基因检测方法

研究建立了一种基于SYBR Green Ⅰ的实时荧光PCR方法,结合熔解曲线分析及位点特异的Tm值辅助判断,可以对不同加工类型及加工程度的食品进行转基因检测。该方法对NOS终止子,RRS,Bt176三个基因位点的检出限达到0.1%,对CaMV35S启动子基因位点的检出限可以达到0.05%。运用该方法对80例不同类型的样品进行检测,检出8例含有转基因成分,其检测结果与传统定性PCR方法和Taqman探针实时荧光PCR方法的结果相符。该方法是一种操作安全方便、成本较低、特异、灵敏的实时荧光PCR方法,适用于食品中转基因成分的定性检测。     

环介导等温扩增技术快速检测食品过敏原牡蛎成分

目的建立环介导等温扩增(loop-mediated isothermal amplification, LAMP)方法快速检测食品中的过敏原牡蛎成分。方法根据国家生物技术信息中心的牡蛎线粒体序列,通过Primer Explorer version 5.0软件设计引物并筛选出LAMP特异性扩增引物。并进一步对反应体系优化,对该方法的灵敏度、特异性以及稳定性进行验证。对10种牡蛎阳性样品、14种阴性样品、4类牡蛎相关食品进行检测。结果该方法可以检测出含牡蛎成分0.1%, DNA浓度为0.01 ng/μL的样品。在实验时间上大幅缩短,反应可在25～45 min内结束,并且可以在微量体系下完成,对于食品相关产品的检出率为100%。结论该方法操作简单、成本较低、特异性高、灵敏度好,适用于食品中过敏原牡蛎成分的检测。     

两种PCR方法检测食品中花生过敏原Arah1成分

采用套式PCR和荧光实时定量PCR两种方法检测食品中花生主要过敏原Ara h1基因成分,从而推断食品中是否含有花生过敏原成分。根据GenBank提供的花生主要过敏原基因Ara h1 DNA序列(登录号为AF432231)的中一段序列分别设计2对内外特异性引物,扩增目的基因片段来建立套式PCR方法;再用上述内引物扩增目的片段,建立SYBRGreenⅠ荧光实时定量PCR方法,绘出拷贝数-CT标准曲线;并通过这2种PCR方法检测8种食品中含有花生主要过敏原Ara h1基因成分。套式PCR方法具有较高的特异性和灵敏度,SYBR GreenⅠ荧光实时定量PCR方法的标准曲线在3×102至3×108 copies范围内线性关系良好,R2值为0.993 5,检测低限设定为3×103 copies。2种方法检测8种食品样品,结果均与食物过敏原标注内容相符。本研究建立的2种方法具有快速、灵敏等优点,可用于食品中花生主要过敏原基因Ara h1成分的检测。     

实时荧光PCR法测定婴幼儿辅助食品中过敏原鱼类成分

目的建立实时荧光PCR检法测定婴幼儿辅助食品中过敏原鱼类成分。方法通过改进的前处理方法,采用实时荧光PCR法,对45个样品进行检测,分别进行特异性、检出限以及适用性试验。结果用于特异性试验的18个样品中,只有鱼类出现特异性扩增;通过7个不同质量配比的鱼肉样品得出检出限低于0.01%;对市售20批样品进行检测,检测结果与样品标识相符。结论该方法快速、灵敏、准确,适用于婴幼儿辅助食品中过敏原鱼成分的检测。     

实时荧光PCR法测定婴幼儿谷类辅助食品中麸质过敏原成分

目的建立实时荧光PCR法检测婴幼儿谷类辅助食品中麸质过敏原成分的含量。方法样品加入淀粉酶液化后,采用试剂盒方法提取样品DNA,考察大麦Hordein基因、小麦Gliadin基因、黑麦Secl基因和燕麦Avenin基因检测方法的特异性、灵敏度和检出限,幵应用于检测实际样品。结果确定了实时荧光PCR反应体系条件,各个基因的检测方法具有特异性强且灵敏度高,检出限为0.1%。结论该方法操作简便,准确率高,适用于婴幼儿谷类辅助食品中麸质成分的检测。     

牛奶β-乳球蛋白质实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

建立一种快速、特异、灵敏的Taqman实时荧光定量PCR(real-time PCR)方法,用于牛奶主要过敏原β-乳球蛋白质的检测。根据Gen Bank登录的牛β-乳球蛋白质的DNA序列设计,合成一对特异性引物和探针。将扩增产物连接到p MD19-T载体上,制备质粒标准品并测序鉴定,10倍梯度稀释含有β-乳球蛋白质基因的重组质粒,进行实时荧光定量PCR扩增,绘制标准曲线,检测该方法的特异性、稳定性、灵敏性,同时将建立的方法用于10种市售食品的检测。成功建立了β-乳球蛋白质的实时荧光定量PCR检测方法,标准曲线的Ct值与模板浓度在3.18×103~3.18×107copies范围内线性关系良好,R2值为0.997 8;检测灵敏度高(318 copies/μL);特异性强,对羊奶、豆浆DNA均无扩增反应;稳定性好,组内、组间的变异系数均在5%以内。对10种食品牛奶过敏原的检测结果与标签相符。表明所建立的实时荧光定量PCR方法可应用于食品中牛奶过敏原β-乳球蛋白质的检测并可推广到其它过敏原的检测。     

小麦和榛子过敏原成分检测的实时荧光PCR方法

过敏原风险问题已成为重要的食品安全问题,如何快速准确地检测出食物中的过敏原成为当前亟需解决的关键。目前常用的过敏原检测方法有免疫学检测、质谱及SPR等技术,但这些方法均有一定程度的局限性。通过引入分子生物学鉴定手段,建立小麦、榛子的过敏原基因数据库,并依据数据库寻找特异性序列并设计探针引物,建立一种快速、便捷、高效的过敏原检测方法,并适当调整了方法的检出限,降低了检测误判的风险。通过建立实时荧光PCR方法,可快速筛选样品的过敏原基因,简化了食品中过敏原成分的鉴定,降低了实验成本与技能要求,降低了检测的难度,缩短了实验时间。通过适用性验证与检出限验证实验,该方法用于过敏原成分鉴定可以达到理想的效果,重复性好,准确率高,检出限为1%。     

食品中牛奶过敏原成分LAMP检测方法的建立

目的建立食品过敏原牛奶成分LAMP(loop-mediated isothermal amplification)检测方法,并与实时荧光PCR(real-time PCR)检测方法比对。方法针对牛线粒体细胞色素b(cyt-b)基因设计LAMP引物并建立反应体系,在特异性和灵敏度方面与real-time PCR检测方法比对。结果本研究建立的LAMP方法检测9份不同品牌的牛奶和羊奶及其加工制品,没有出现交叉反应,具有良好的特异性。该方法的检测灵敏度为0.5%,与real-time PCR方法检测灵敏度相当。检测了69份实际样品,检测结果与real-time PCR检测结果一致。结论本研究建立的食品过敏原牛奶成分LAMP检测方法简单经济,检测结果可靠,可有效缩短检测时间,适用于过敏原牛奶成分的检测,具有良好的应用前景。     

食品过敏原羽扇豆成分的环介导等温扩增检测方法

目的建立食品过敏原羽扇豆成分的环介导等温扩增检测方法(loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP)。方法根据羽扇豆的ITS基因设计羽扇豆的特异性引物,进行特异度、灵敏度、稳定性测试,建立LAMP检测方法。结果本文建立的食品过敏原羽扇豆成分LAMP检测方法能有效对羽扇豆成分进行快速检测,具有较强的特异度和稳定性,灵敏度可达0.001%(w:w)。结论该方法特异度强、灵敏度高,可以快速、准确检测食品中过敏原羽扇豆成分。     

食品中鲍鱼过敏源基因成分的检测

目的本文建立食品中鲍鱼过敏源基因成分实时荧光PCR检测方法。方法采用蛋白酶K消化法提取鲍鱼肌肉组织中基因组DNA,针对鲍鱼管家基因16S r RNA基因设计特异性引物和探针,确定实时荧光PCR反应体系和反应条件,建立了鲍鱼过敏源基因成分实时荧光PCR快速检测方法。选用鱿鱼、海参等海产品进行特异性试验;采用添加方法制备灵敏度试验样品,分别制备了鲍鱼过敏源基因成分含量分别为100%、10%、1%、0.1%、0.01%、0.001%的样品。结果对非鲍鱼类食品进行检测,结果显示出良好的特异性;灵敏度试验表明,本文建立方法的最低检测下限为0.01%。结论本文建立了特异性好,灵敏度高的鲍鱼过敏源基因成分检测方法。     

A novel real-time polymerase chain reaction method for the detection of pecan nuts in food

A real-time PCR-based method for the detection of the pecan (Carya illinoiensis) component in food is described. The method consists of DNA isolation by chaotropic solid phase extraction and the subsequent PCR with pecan-specific primers and a TaqMan fluorescent probe. The primers and the probe are targeted to the putative gene for allergenic vicilin-like seed storage protein of pecan. The method was positive for 10 pecan varieties and negative for all other tested plant materials used in food industry, including walnut. The intrinsic detection limit of the method was 1 pg pecan DNA which corresponds to 1.2 haploid genome copies. Using a series of model pastry samples with defined pecan contents, a practical detection limit of 0.01% (w/w) pecan was estimated. Practical applicability of the PCR method was tested by the analysis of 13 food samples; no discrepancies between the declared and detected pecan contents were found. The presented PCR method is useful for sensitive and selective detection of pecans in food samples and can be performed in one working day.     

A novel real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for the detection of hazelnuts in food

A real-time PCR (polymerase chain reaction)-based method for the detection of hazelnuts (nuts of Corylus avellana or C. maxima) in confectionery and bakery products is described. The method consists of DNA isolation by chaotropic solid phase extraction and the subsequent PCR with hazelnut-specific primers and a TaqMan fluorescent probe. The primers and the probe are targeted to the hsp1 gene encoding for a low molecular weight heat-shock protein. The method was positive for five hazelnut varieties approved in Slovakia and negative for all other tested plant materials used in food industry including peanuts, walnuts, almonds, pistachio nuts, cashews and chestnuts. The intrinsic detection limit of the method was 13 pg hazelnut DNA, which corresponds to approximately 27 genome equivalents (1C). Using a series of model pastry samples with defined hazelnut contents, a practical detection limit of 0.01% (w/w) hazelnut was determined. Practical applicability of the PCR method was tested by the analysis of 20 food samples (confectionery and bakery products) along with ELISA. For all of the food samples, identical results were obtained by both methods, which conformed to the labelling. The presented PCR method is useful for sensitive and selective detection of hazelnuts in food samples and can be performed in one working day.     

3种分子生物学方法检测金黄色葡萄球菌的 比较研究

目的比较常规聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)、实时荧光定量PCR(real-time quantitative PCR,qPCR)和环介导等温扩增反应(loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP)对金黄色葡萄球菌的检测效果。方法以金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphyloccocus aureus)标准菌株(ATCC6538)DNA为模板,以耐热核酸酶(Nuc)基因为靶标,采用常规PCR、qPCR和LAMP对其进行扩增并比较其检测灵敏度,同时对鸡蛋中金黄色葡萄球菌的检出率进行比较。结果常规PCR对S.aureus的检测灵敏度为400个基因拷贝数,低于实时荧光定量PCR和LAMP的40个基因拷贝数的检出限。在实际样品检测中常规PCR对50份鸡蛋外壳样品中S.aureus的检出率为6%,qPCR和LAMP的检出率分别为10%,而在鸡蛋内容物中均未检测到。结论 3种检测方法检测S.aureus均具有较高的灵敏度,但常规PCR的灵敏度低于qPCR和LAMP检测方法,qPCR需要昂贵的仪器,不适合基层现场应用,而LAMP方法简单、快捷,具有良好的应用前景。     

副溶血弧菌的SYBR Green Ⅰ实时定量PCR检测方法建立

基于副溶血弧菌gyrB基因保守序列设计1对特异性引物,建立SYBR GreenⅠ实时定量聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)检测副溶血弧菌的方法。SYBR GreenⅠ实时定量PCR的Tm为90℃,扩增产物的熔解曲线只出现1个单特异峰,无引物二聚体,表明该引物具有较好的特异性;所制作的实时定量PCR扩增标准曲线在2.06×108～2.06×103拷贝数之间有较好的线性关系,相关系数为0.992,能对副溶血弧进行准确的定量分析。该方法检测时间从核酸抽提到结果分析仅需4～5h,且较传统方法敏感、操作简单,可用于针对副溶血弧菌的进出口检验检疫、食品安全检测及该菌引起的水产动物疾病的诊断与分子流行病学调查。     

基于qPCR快速检测米饭中产呕吐毒素蜡样芽孢杆菌的研究

为了建立基于QPCR的快速方法检测米饭中产呕吐毒素蜡样芽孢杆菌,首先采用煮沸法提取蜡样芽孢杆菌基因组DNA,并利用普通PCR方法验证引物特异性,然后通过在米饭样品中添加目标菌,模拟受污染的实际样本,用QPCR技术定量检测米饭中产呕吐毒素蜡样芽孢杆菌。结果表明该方法具有快速、特异性强、灵敏度高和稳定性好的优点,能对产呕吐毒素蜡样芽孢杆菌定量。不经过增菌培养,实际样品的检测限为9.8×101CFU/g;经过2 h的增菌培养,检测限能达到100CFU/g;并且米饭中添加其他杂菌后,不影响对蜡样芽孢杆菌的检测。建立的QPCR方法适用于米饭等相关淀粉类食品中产呕吐毒素蜡样芽孢杆菌的检测,从而为监测该菌所致食品污染以及早期相关食物中毒提供快速定量检测方法。     

A novel real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for the detection of walnuts in food

A real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method for the detection of the walnut (Juglans regia) component in food is described here. The method consists of DNA isolation by chaotropic solid phase extraction and the subsequent PCR with walnut-specific primers and a TaqMan fluorescent probe. The primers and the probe are targeted to the jug r2, a major allergen gene of walnut. The method was positive for 8 varieties of walnut and negative for all other tested plant materials used in food industry, including pecan nuts. The intrinsic detection limit of the method was 0.24 ng walnut DNA. Using a series of model pastry samples with defined walnut contents, a practical detection limit of 0.01% walnut content was estimated. Practical applicability of the PCR method was tested by the analysis of 13 food samples (bakery and confectionery products), out of which two cakes were found to contain walnuts although they were not adequately labelled. The presented PCR method is useful for sensitive and selective detection of walnuts in food samples and can be performed in one working day.     

可视化跨越式滚环等温扩增技术在猪肉掺假检测中的应用

目的:建立了一种跨越式等温扩增技术(SRCA)结合荧光染料SYBR Green I检测肉制品中猪肉掺假的方法。方法:根据NCBI中猪的线粒体序列,通过DNAMAN等软件设计SRCA的特异性引物,分别采用普通SRCA和荧光可视化SRCA的方法建立肉制品中猪肉成分的检测方法,对9个不同物种的新鲜肌肉组织样本进行实验从而验证SRCA方法的特异性,并对66份未标识猪肉成分商业肉制品进行猪肉成分的检测。结果:SRCA荧光可视法检测猪肉DNA的灵敏度为6.5 fg/μL,与传统PCR方法相比,SRCA荧光可视法的灵敏度提高了1000倍。在人工添加猪肉的混合样品中,SRCA方法检测猪肉含量为0.01%(w/w)。与NY/T 3309-2018行业标准相比,SRCA方法检测肉制品中猪肉的敏感性、特异性和符合率分别为100%、96.66%、98.48%。结论:SRCA是一种检测肉制品中猪肉掺假的灵敏、直观的方法,具有很大的应用潜力。     

Evaluation of TaqMan PCR assay for detecting Salmonella in raw meat and shrimp.

We evaluated the TaqMan Salmonella amplification/detection kit from PE Applied Biosystems, which uses a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for rapid detection of Salmonella in food samples. This system uses the 5' nuclease activity of Taq DNA polymerase, which digests an internal fluorogenic probe to monitor the amplification of the target gene. The system's sensitivity and specificity were evaluated using 42 serotypes of 68 Salmonella strains isolated from fecal samples from patients in Tokyo, Japan, and 39 non-Salmonella strains in 22 genera. There were no false-negative or false-positive results. This PCR assay can detect 3 CFU per PCR tube of Salmonella in pure culture (120 CFU/ml of TSB culture). PCR signals were attenuated with artificially contaminated shrimp, but a similar detection limit was obtained. TaqMan's performance was tested with 100 meat and chicken samples purchased from stores in Tokyo. Overall, two of the DNA extraction protocols (the Chelex and EnviroAmp methods) worked equally well, with some exceptions. Of the 100 samples analyzed, 10 were positive for Salmonella with both conventional culture methods and the kit and 89 were negative with both. One sample was negative by the culture method but positive by the kit assay. These results indicate that TaqMan is a reliable and rapid method for Salmonella analysis in the food industry. With this system, food samples can be analyzed for Salmonella in less than 20 h.     

基于便携式荧光定量PCR仪定量检测驴肉中掺假鸭肉

为建立快速方便的驴肉制品分子鉴定方法,本文以驴肉和常见的掺假肉类(鸭肉)为研究对象,筛选特异性引物和TaqMan探针,利用便携式Mini8 Plus实时荧光定量PCR仪进行灵敏度和特异性实验,通过绘制扩增标准曲线及确定驴肉和鸭肉的质量与DNA比值常数,对不同掺入比例(加入定量的鸭肉制成含量分别为20%、40%、60%、80%)的模拟样品和实际驴肉样品进行检测。结果显示,该方法对驴、鸭肉均具有良好的特异性,可以与马、猪、山羊、梅花鹿、牛、鸡、狗肉明显区分;对驴源性DNA成分的检出限为0.01 ng/μL,鸭源性DNA成分的检出限为0.1 ng/μL,对驴肉与鸭肉混合物中鸭肉成分的灵敏度为0.1%(w/w);所建立的标准曲线线性关系良好,驴肉DNA扩增标准曲线:y=-3.584x+27.003,R²=0.9982;鸭肉DNA扩增标准曲线:y=-3.538x+30.907,R²=0.9991;采用已建立的方法对35份驴肉样本进行市场试点调查,发现6份(17.1%)驴肉样本中含有鸭肉成分。以上研究结果说明,该实时荧光定量PCR方法可用于驴肉产品中其他...     

Quantification of Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum by real-time PCR system and zearalenone assessment in maize

Zearalenone (ZEA) is a mycotoxin produced by some species of Fusarium, especially by Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum. ZEA induces hyperoestrogenic responses in mammals and can result in reproductive disorders in farm animals. In the present study, a real-time PCR (qPCR) assay has been successfully developed for the detection and quantification of Fusarium graminearum based on primers targeting the gene PKS13 involved in ZEA biosynthesis. A standard curve was developed by plotting the logarithm of known concentrations of F. graminearum DNA against the cycle threshold (Ct) value. The developed real time PCR system was also used to analyze the occurrence of zearalenone producing F. graminearum strains on maize. In this context, DNA extractions were performed from thirty-two maize samples, and subjected to real time PCR. Maize samples also were analyzed for zearalenone content by HPLC. F. graminearum DNA content (pg DNA/ mg of maize) was then plotted against ZEA content (ppb) in maize samples. The regression curve showed a positive and good correlation (R2=0.760) allowing for the estimation of the potential risk from ZEA contamination. Consequently, this work offers a quick alternative to conventional methods of ZEA quantification and mycological detection and quantification of F. graminearum in maize.