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1.
利用电子束辐照(electron beam irradiation,EBI)降解玉米赤霉烯酮(zearalenone,ZEN)和呕吐毒素(deoxynivalenol,DON),考察EBI对单一及混合毒素的降解效果,分析毒素降解及相互作用规律。结果表明,在0~10 k Gy范围内,随着剂量的增加,标准品溶液中单一毒素降解率升高,且毒素初始浓度越低,降解率越高。10k Gy时,1μg/m L的ZEN和DON降解率分别可达76. 04%和89. 31%。以EBI处理单一毒素为对照,DON与ZEN混合后同时经EBI处理,标准品和玉米浆中ZEN降解率均呈显著降低,DON降解率无明显趋势变化。14. 20%(质量分数)水分含量的玉米粉中混合毒素经EBI处理后,ZEN和DON降解率均低于单一毒素对照组;水分含量为19. 80%(质量分数)时,ZEN降解率低于对照组而DON高于对照组。该研究阐明了EBI同时降解玉米中ZEN和DON的效果,为EBI在粮食真菌毒素降解中的应用提供了理论参考。  相似文献   

2.
《粮食与油脂》2017,(7):105-108
采用受赤霉病污染小麦样品,检测赤霉病粒、呕吐毒素和玉米赤霉烯酮含量,研究分析三者之间的关系。结果显示,2种真菌毒素和赤霉病粒均存在显著线性关系,随赤霉病粒数量的增加,2种真菌毒素含量均呈现增加的趋势。对过赤霉病粒数量快速可以判断2种真菌毒素是否超过国家限定值,为基层粮食生产经营有现实意义。  相似文献   

3.
为了解饲料原料中玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)、呕吐毒素(DON)的污染情况,于2016—2018年间对12种386份植物性饲料原料进行采集,采用液相色谱串联质谱法、免疫亲和柱-高效液相色谱法检测,依据GB 13078—2017《饲料卫生标准》进行分析判定。结果表明,霉菌毒素污染严重,玉米赤霉烯酮、呕吐毒素平均检出率分别为47.1%、32.3%,最大检测值分别为1.05、5.4mg/kg。玉米赤霉烯酮在DDGS、玉米蛋白粉、喷浆玉米皮中的检出率达91.8%、89.6%、82.8%,呕吐毒素在次粉、DDGS中的检出率达90.6%、86.4%,对饲料产品质量造成严重危害,此次调查结果为今后控制饲料原料及产品中霉菌毒素危害提供参考依据。  相似文献   

4.
测试了几株工业上常用的酒精酵母在酒精发酵过程中转化赤霉烯酮(ZEN)和呕吐毒素(DON)的能力。结果表明:所测试的五株酒精酵母都具有转化ZEN成赤霉烯醇(ZOL)的能力,转化产物中两种构型的ZOL都有,两种构型的比例因不同的菌株而有明显的差异,但所有的五株酵母都不具有转化DON的能力。同时,使用人为添加有1μg/mLZEN和1μg/mLDON的优质玉米为原料,以安琪牌超级酒精酵母为发酵菌种,模拟玉米干磨酒精生产工艺,在发酵结束后,发酵醪被分成三部分,即酒精、酒糟离心液和湿酒糟。HPLC分析结果表明:酒精中基本检测不到两种真菌毒素及其代谢物,ZEN及其代谢物主要分布在湿酒糟,而DON主要分布在酒糟离心液中。另外,从两种真菌毒素及其代谢物总的含量看,在整个工艺生产过程中,两种真菌毒素及其代谢物基本上没有发生降解。   相似文献   

5.
玉米干磨酒精生产期间原料内呕吐毒素和赤霉烯酮的去向   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
测试了几株工业上常用的酒精酵母在酒精发酵过程中转化赤霉烯酮(ZEN)和呕吐毒素(DON)的能力。结果表明:所测试的五株酒精酵母都具有转化ZEN成赤霉烯醇(ZOL)的能力,转化产物中两种构型的ZOL都有,两种构型的比例因不同的菌株而有明显的差异,但所有的五株酵母都不具有转化DON的能力。同时,使用人为添加有1μg/mLZEN和1μg/mLDON的优质玉米为原料,以安琪牌超级酒精酵母为发酵菌种,模拟玉米干磨酒精生产工艺,在发酵结束后,发酵醪被分成三部分,即酒精、酒糟离心液和湿酒糟。HPLC分析结果表明:酒精中基本检测不到两种真菌毒素及其代谢物,ZEN及其代谢物主要分布在湿酒糟,而DON主要分布在酒糟离心液中。另外,从两种真菌毒素及其代谢物总的含量看,在整个工艺生产过程中,两种真菌毒素及其代谢物基本上没有发生降解。  相似文献   

6.
7.
建立玉米中玉米赤霉烯酮(Zearalenone,ZEN)和赭曲霉毒素A(Ochratoxin A,OTA)的超高效液相色谱检测方法。样品用乙腈/水(90∶10,体积比)振荡提取,过滤后过真菌毒素净化柱,取上清液氮气吹干,用流动相溶解残渣,过0.22μm有机滤膜于进样瓶,采用高效液相色谱检测法(High Performance Liquid Chromatography,HPLC)分析。在ZORBAX SB-C18反相柱上分离后,ZEN以甲醇/水(60∶40,体积比)作为流动相,OTA以乙腈/水/乙酸(43∶56∶1,体积比)为流动相,荧光检测器检测。ZEN的线性范围为0.5μg/mL~6.0μg/mL,相关系数大于0.99;OTA的线性范围为0.05μg/mL~0.8μg/mL,相关系数大于0.99。3个不同水平的加标平均回收率为86.4%~114.1%,相对标准偏差不大于10%。ZEN和OTA的检测限分别为5.0μg/kg和1.0μg/kg。应用该方法对收集的不同玉米样品进行测定,发现ZEN和OTA污染较严重,超标率均为71.4%。该方法具有操作简单、灵敏度高、重现性好等特点,能够用于玉米样品中真菌毒素的测定。  相似文献   

8.
玉米赤霉烯酮是一种由镰刀菌产生的具有雌激素作用的真菌毒素,是世界上污染范围最广的一种镰刀菌素.由于物理、化学脱毒法存在较大弊端,生物去毒方法因其特异性、高效性及环境友好而日益被科学界所关注.目前玉米赤霉烯酮生物降解主要是微生物降解作用,本文紧跟国内外玉米赤霉烯酮的生物降解情况,文章介绍了降解菌株的种类,降解能力和最佳降解条件,包括降解产物毒性,降解酶基因的发掘,以及降解菌株和酶的应用方向及前景.  相似文献   

9.
玉米赤霉烯酮检测方法研究进展   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
玉米赤霉烯酮是一种具有雌激素作用真菌毒素,主要污染玉米、麦类、谷物等,严重影响农业经济及人类健康,因此有必要研究能准确、灵敏检测玉米赤霉烯酮方法。该文对玉米赤霉烯酮检测方法进行综述。  相似文献   

10.
建立了免疫亲和柱同时净化-高效液相色谱法检测植物油中的黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2和玉米赤霉烯酮的分析方法.黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2的方法的定量限均为0.1 μg/kg,玉米赤霉烯酮的方法的定量限为5.0μg/kg,相对标准偏差低于10.4%,回收率为82.0% ~95.5%.该方法简便快速、灵敏准确、重现性好,可以用于对植物油中黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2和玉米赤霉烯酮进行快速定量检测.  相似文献   

11.
The goals of the present work were, on the one hand, to assess the effect of baking on the stability of zearalenone (ZEA) and deoxynivalenol (DON), as well as the transfer of DON from pasta to boiling water, and, on the other hand, to quantify the impact of DON depletion, during cooking of pasta, on overall exposure estimates. Therefore, the bread-making process was simulated on a pilot-plant scale by using naturally contaminated flour with DON and ZEA. Transfer of DON from pasta to water was evaluated at different boiling times. Pasta was prepared on a pilot-plant scale by using naturally contaminated durum wheat flour; subsequently, it was boiled simulating home cooking. The experiments examined the stability of DON and ZEA during the bread-making process, including fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and baking at 200°C. Our results showed a high transfer of DON from pasta to boiling water, reaching depletion levels of almost 75%, which correlated with levels found in water. Accordingly, these cooking depletion rates were computed through a stochastic exposure model to weight their impact on the final exposure estimates. Finally, statistically significant differences were found in most of the parameters and populations assessed, but these were not enough to consider the process as protective because the contribution of pasta to the overall DON intake was commonly low.  相似文献   

12.
脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇和玉米赤霉烯酮是小麦感染赤霉病后产生较多的两种真菌毒素,综述了这两种真菌毒素的产生条件、理化特性、毒理效应、形成的危害和分布范围,以及在小麦清理、研磨以及烘焙和蒸煮等加工过程中含量的变化情况,以期对小麦及其制品生产过程中毒素含量的变化情况做出进一步探究。  相似文献   

13.
Lead, cadmium, copper, zinc and iron levels were determined in organically and conventionally produced wheat, green lentils, flower honey and eggs that are supplied on different markets in Ankara, Turkey. Their toxicological and nutritional values were compared with national and international limits and literature data. The levels of cadmium and lead in conventionally and organically produced wheat, green lentils, honey and egg were below the limit of detection (LOD), whereas the level of copper was only below LOD in honey and eggs. The levels of Zn and Cu were found to be higher in conventionally produced wheat samples than organically produced ones; whereas the level of Fe in organic products was found to be higher than the conventional products.  相似文献   

14.
目的了解河北地区面制品中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(deoxynivalenol,DON)及其衍生物3-ADON、15-ADON和玉米赤霉烯酮(zearalenone,ZEN)污染状况。方法对河北地区79份烘烤食品(饼干、面包)、87份生面制品和89份馒头样品进行调查分析。样品经乙腈:水(84:16, V:V)溶液超声离心提取后,通过多功能固相萃取柱进行净化处理,采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法进行检测。结果 255份样品中,3A-DON、15A-DON和ZEN检出率均不高;DON检出率较高,共检出阳性样品252份,检出率为98.8%,超标样品10份,超标率为3.9%。4种真菌毒素污染较为严重的样品为饼干样品,其检出率和超标率明显高于其他面制品。结论在面制品中,主要的污染物为DON,污染最严重的样品类别为饼干样品,其污染状况应引起关注。  相似文献   

15.
玉米赤霉烯酮(zearalenone,ZEN)和脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(deoxynivalenol,DON)是粮食中常见的真菌毒素,长期的饮食暴露会对生物体造成严重危害。目前针对ZEN和DON同步免疫检测分别依赖各自对应的单克隆抗体,而传统单克隆抗体制备周期长、成本高。作者利用重组抗体表达技术在短时间内获得了可同时识别ZEN和DON的双特异性抗体(Bis-scFv),并构建了基于Bis-scFv的间接竞争酶联免疫检测方法(indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,IC-ELISA),获得ZEN和DON标准曲线的半数抑制质量浓度(IC50)分别为20.64 ng/mL和132.29 ng/mL;Bis-scFv具有良好的特异性,与其他真菌毒素均无显著的交叉反应。同时,将IC-ELISA方法对玉米中的ZEN和DON进行加标回收实验,其回收率为86.02%~108.14%。本研究证明了所开发的Bis-scFv未来可应用于粮食样本中ZEN与DON的同步快速检测方法的开发。  相似文献   

16.
    
ABSTRACT:  Deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and aflatoxin concentrations in Sicilian durum wheat were determined through ELISA tests. The results highlighted the safety of the grain samples at harvest because deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and aflatoxin levels did not exceed European legal limits. With regard to aflatoxins, reliability of the ELISA test was evaluated, comparing it with HPLC analyses. The comparison of HPLC and ELISA data showed a tendency to overestimate aflatoxin concentrations with respect to chromatographic determinations. The usefulness of ELISA was confirmed as a rapid screening method; however, when contamination levels are close to legal limits, chromatographic analyses are necessary to quantify aflatoxins with greater accuracy and specificity.  相似文献   

17.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
BACKGROUND: The health risks of deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) necessitate the development of analytical methods for widespread food and feed screening. We sought to establish a rapid, economic and sensitive dual‐label time‐resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TRFIA) to detect DON and ZEN simultaneously. Eu3+‐ and Sm3+‐labelled antibodies were used, as lanthanides are more stable and have narrower emission spectra than most fluorescent dyes. RESULTS: The limit of detection was 0.0194 ng mL?1 for DON (range: 0.0194–100 ng mL?1) and 0.37 ng mL?1 for ZEN (range: 0.37–50 ng mL?1). DON recovery in spiked cereal samples was 88–107%, and for ZEN was 83–108%, with both intra‐ and inter‐assay coefficients of variation (CVs) less than 5%. The dual‐label TRFIA results correlated well with ELISA results (correlation coefficients: 0.9733 for DON and 0.9784 for ZEN). CONCLUSION: The dual‐label TRFIA is a simple, fast and sensitive method for high‐throughput screening of DON and ZEN in food and feedstuff. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

18.
19.
    
The objective of this study was to develop a 1‐step simultaneous lateral flow strip test for the rapid and simple detection of deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) in grains. Two monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against DON and ZEA were respectively conjugated with gold nanoparticles and used to develop a lateral flow strip test for a single toxin and multiple toxins. First, individual lateral flow strips for a single toxin were optimized, and their conditions were used to develop a simultaneous lateral flow strip for multiple toxins. Limits of detection of both lateral flow strip tests for DON and ZEA were the same (DON: 50 ng/mL, ZEA: 1 ng/mL). Both methods showed cross‐reactivity for α‐zearalenol and β‐zearalenol, but no cross‐reaction to other mycotoxins. The results can be completed obtained within 15 min. The cut‐off values of the simultaneous lateral flow strip for the spiked rice and corn were 500 and 10 ng/g for DON and ZEA, respectively. The results demonstrated that the developed simultaneous lateral flow strip test offers a rapid, easy‐to‐use, and portable analytical system and can be used as a convenient qualitative tool for the on‐site detection of DON and ZEA in food and agricultural commodities.  相似文献   

20.
目的 了解济南部分地区常见的即食谷物加工制品中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(deoxynivalenol, DON)和玉米赤霉烯酮(zearalenone, ZEN)的污染情况。方法 在济南市区内4个不同地点随机采集即食谷物加工制品共50份, 酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA)检测DON、ZEN的含量, 根据食品安全国家标准GB 2761-2017食品中真菌毒素限量对结果进行分析。结果 50份样品中, DON和ZEN的检出率分别为90.0%、76.0%, 超标率分别为48.0%、16.0%, 中位数分别为975.0、39.2 μg/kg。12份有食品包装批号和38份无食品包装批号的样品中, DON超标率分别为33.3%、52.6%, ZEN超标率分别为8.3%、18.4%, 差别均无统计学意义(DON: X2=1.361, P=0.243>0.05; ZEN: X2=0.144, P=0.704>0.05)。DON、ZEN超标率在不同采样点的差别均无统计学意义(DON: X2=2.985, P=0.225>0.05; ZEN: X2=1.453, P=0.484>0.05)。在零食类谷物制品和主食类谷物制品中, DON超标率的差别无统计学意义(P=0.749>0.05), ZEN超标率的差别有统计学意义(P=0.010<0.05)。结论 济南部分地区即食谷物加工制品中存在一定程度的DON、ZEN污染, 其中DON污染更严重, 这种污染情况同时存在于两种包装形式、零食和主食两大类以及不同售卖地点的谷物制品中。提示济南部分地区谷物加工制品的DON、ZEN污染情况应引起相关监管机构的重视。  相似文献   

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