甘蓝不同部位及加工对硫代葡萄糖苷组分和含量的影响

采用高效液相色谱法对甘蓝内叶、外叶、漂烫及真空干燥后的硫苷含量进行了成分鉴定及组分分析.结果表明,甘蓝内叶与外叶的组分相同,通过HPLC-ESI-MS共鉴定出5种脂肪族硫苷(3-甲基硫氧丙基GS,2-羟基-3-丁烯基GS,2-丙烯基GS,3-丁烯基GS,4-戊烯基GS)和1种吲哚族硫苷(3-吲哚基甲基GS),甘蓝中主要硫苷成分为2-羟基-3-丁烯基GS,2-丙烯基GS,3-吲哚基甲基GS及3-甲基硫氧丙基GS,内叶和外叶中硫苷含量分别为1 972 μg/g干重和1 941 μg/g干重,漂烫和真空干燥后硫苷的保存率分别为87.7％和37.4％.     

芸苔属蔬菜硫代葡萄糖苷含量

对芸苔属中白菜类、芥菜类和甘蓝类蔬菜的硫代葡萄糖苷 (简称硫苷 )组成与含量进行了评价。结果表明 ,散叶甘蓝硫苷总含量最高 ,其次是包包青菜、包心芥菜、芥蓝 ,小白菜的含量最低。不同的品种硫苷的类型和含量不同。白菜类中 ,小白菜主要的硫苷为 3-丁烯基和 1 -甲氧基 - 3-吲哚基甲基硫苷 ,菜心中为 3-丁烯基和 2 -羟基 - 3-丁烯基硫苷 ,苔菜中为1 -甲氧基 - 3-吲哚基甲基和 4-戊烯基硫苷。在芥菜类中 ,发现了两种不同硫苷类型 ,烯丙基硫苷是包包青菜、包心芥菜主要的硫苷 ,约占总含量的 90 % ;而在小叶芥中 3-丁烯基为主要的硫苷 ,占总含量的大约 70 %。甘蓝类中羽衣甘蓝主要含有3-吲哚基甲基硫苷和 3-甲基硫氧丙基硫苷。 4-甲基硫氧丁基硫苷的含量以芥蓝中最高 ,此外 3-丁烯基硫苷的含量也比较高。在散叶甘蓝中 ,2 -羟基 - 3-丁烯基硫苷是主要的组成 ,约占总含量的 43% ,烯丙基硫苷和 3-吲哚甲基硫苷占总含量的2 0 %左右 ,芥蓝中萝卜硫素前体 4-甲基硫氧丁基硫苷的含量可达 1 2 4 .1 μmol/ 1 0 0 g FW,是很有抗癌价值的十字花科蔬菜。     

低速逆流色谱分离制备萝卜硫苷

硫代葡萄糖苷的降解产物异硫代氰酸酯具有抗癌活性。采用甲醇沸腾提取法,从萝卜籽中得到硫代葡萄糖苷粗提物。以正丁醇-乙腈-10%硫酸铵溶液(体积比为0.5∶1∶2.2)为溶剂系统,用低速逆流色谱分离硫代葡萄糖苷粗提物得到4-甲基亚磺酰基-3-丁烯基硫代葡萄糖苷(萝卜硫苷)组分,简单的脱盐脱色即可得到萝卜硫苷单体,纯度达95%以上。     

加工处理方式对冲菜中硫代葡萄糖苷的影响

采用高效液相色谱法,对冲菜中主要的硫代葡萄糖苷种类和含量进行分析,并选择微波、热烫和蒸汽3种方法对冲菜进行处理,研究冲菜中硫代葡萄糖苷在不同处理过程中的热降解情况。结果表明：冲菜中含有两类硫代葡萄糖苷：脂肪族和吲哚族硫苷,其中含量较高的3种硫代葡萄糖苷分别为progoitrin、glucobrassicin和4-methoxyglucobrassicin;硫代葡萄糖苷在微波、热烫和蒸汽3种处理过程中的热降解均符合一级热降解动力学模型,其中glucotropaeolin的热稳定性均最差;对冲菜中总硫代葡萄糖苷的降解作用从大到小的顺序依次为：蒸汽、热烫、微波,但是微波处理最能促使对十字花科蔬菜中风味贡献最大的脂肪族硫苷的降解。     

硫甙R基的多变性

<正>1．硫甙的基本结构硫代葡萄糖甙(gleucsinolates)简称硫甙、GS。广泛分布于双子叶植物十字花科中,特别是芸苔属的各种植物,如油菜、白菜、萝卜等,榨油后残留在油渣中。据文献报道,硫代葡萄糖甙种类较多,在1948年以前鉴定为3种,1982年曾对菜籽饼的硫代葡萄糖甙进行系统调查,鉴定为七种。这七种是:3-丁烯基硫甙,4-戊烯基硫甙;4-甲基硫氨基硫甙;5-甲基硫氧基硫甙,2-苯基乙基硫甙;2-羟基-3-丁基硫甙;2-羟基-4-戊烯基硫甙。硫甙是一类有毒物质,含有硫甙的饼粕饲     

蓝莓叶多酚组成成分分析

通过特征颜色反应、紫外-可见光谱、傅里叶红外光谱、高效液相色谱-质谱(high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,HPLC-MS)法对蓝莓叶多酚样品进行定性分析。结果表明:蓝莓叶多酚中含有羟基、糖基、苯环、甲氧基和含氧杂环等特征基团。蓝莓叶多酚在醇溶液中最大吸收波长分别在354 nm和748 nm处。通过HPLC-MS的保留时间和多酚单体的一、二级质谱图分析,并与标准的质谱数据和保留时间比较,得知蓝莓叶多酚中有5种多酚单体,分别为表儿茶素没食子酸酯、绿原酸、甲基-芥子酸-己糖苷、5-O-阿魏酰奎尼酸、槲皮素3-O-葡萄糖苷。     

新天霞多丽干白葡萄酒香气成分的GC/MS分析

采用溶液萃取法提取霞多丽干白葡萄酒中的香气成分,再经气相色谱-质谱联机分析,共鉴定出了49种挥发性化合物。相对含量排在前十位的分别是3-甲基-1-丁醇、苯乙醇、庚酸、双2-乙基邻苯二甲酸、吲哚-3-乙醇、乙酸-3-甲基丁酯、己酸、2,3-丁二醇、癸酸、4-羟基苯乙醇,初步查清了霞多丽干白葡萄酒中主要的香气物质组成。     

西兰花籽中萝卜硫苷的提取、分离及结构鉴定

摘 要：本文研究了一种从西兰花籽中提取分离萝卜硫苷(4-甲基亚磺酰丁基硫代葡萄糖苷)的方法。用甲醇溶液从西兰花籽中提取硫苷,经弱阴离子交换树脂纯化得到萝卜硫苷粗品,通过半液相制备色谱进一步分离纯化,制得萝卜硫苷纯品。并利用液-质联用、核磁共振、红外、紫外等方法对其进行结构确定,结果符合萝卜硫苷的分子结构。此方法适用于萝卜硫苷的简单有效提取。     

脐橙果汁与果酒香气成分的GC-MS分析

采用溶剂萃取法分别提取脐橙果汁和经发酵后的果酒中的香气成分,经气相色谱质谱联用仪(GC-MS)分析,从果汁中鉴定出19种成分,占峰面积的83.5％,香气成分主要为苯乙醇、4-羟基-苯乙醇3-甲基-1-丁醇、D-柠檬烯、2,3丁二醇、巴伦西亚桔烯、亚油酸、油酸等:从果酒中鉴定出30种成分,占峰面积的91.13％,主要香气成分为苯乙醇、3-甲基-1-丁醇、d-柠檬烯、2,3丁二醇、乙酸乙酯、香叶醇、棕榈酸乙酯、3-乙氧基-1-丙醇、巴伦西亚桔烯、吲哚-3-乙醇、乙酸戊酯等.     

不同浓度吲哚乙酸对小白菜硫代葡萄糖苷的影响--测试文章

以不同浓度（0,2 mg·L^-1,5 mg·L^-1,10 mg·L^-1,20 mg·L^-1）吲哚乙酸（IAA）对小白菜进行处理,分析其对小白菜生长和硫代葡萄糖苷（硫苷）含量的影响。结果表明,随着IAA处理浓度的提高,显著增加了小白菜地上部的鲜重,但增幅有所降低。与对照相比,IAA处理浓度为5～20 mg·L^-1时,显著诱导了总脂肪族硫苷、总吲哚族硫苷和总硫苷含量的提高,而IAA处理均显著提高了芳香族2-苯乙基硫苷的含量。对单个硫苷来说,在IAA处理浓度为5～20 mg·L^-1时,5-甲基亚磺酰戊基硫苷和3-丁烯基硫苷含量得到显著提高;而4-戊烯基硫苷、吲哚-3-甲基硫苷和4-甲氧基吲哚-3-甲基硫苷在外源IAA处理下,呈现先增加后降低的趋势,其中4-戊烯基硫苷在较低IAA处理浓度下（2 mg·L^-1）即显著高于对照;另外,1-甲氧基吲哚-3-甲基硫苷随着IAA处理浓度的增加呈现递增趋势。此外,随IAA处理浓度的增加,总脂肪族硫苷相对百分含量有增加的趋势,但总吲哚族硫苷相对百分含量呈递减趋势,而芳香族硫苷呈现先增加后降低的趋势。可见,对于7种硫苷来说,不同IAA处理浓度下有不同的响应,具有一定的浓度效应。     

Effect of nitrogen and sulfur fertilization on glucosinolates in the leaves and roots of broccoli sprouts (Brassica oleracea var. italica)

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica cv. Marathon) sprouts are a rich source of glucosinolates, particularly 4‐methylsulfinylbutyl glucosinolate (glucoraphanin), the precursor of the chemoprotective isothiocyanate, sulforaphane. Sulfur and nitrogen fertilization have been shown to influence the pattern and levels of glucosinolates in mature broccoli, but little information is available on the fertilization of sprouts, a transient stage of broccoli growth, which have been recommended for salads. Therefore, an experiment was set up to evaluate the effect of N and S fertilization on the glucosinolate content of the aerial part and roots of broccoli sprouts. Nitrogen was tested at 0, 45.5, 91.0 mg L^?1 and sulfur at 0, 14.6 and 29.2 mg L^?1. The results showed that total glucosinolates in the aerial part were significantly higher (P < 0.001) than in the roots. The major glucosinolates in the aerial part were 4‐methylsulfinylbutyl and 3‐methylsulfinylpropyl whereas in the roots they were 2‐phenylethyl and 4‐methylthiobutyl. Fertilization of broccoli sprouts had a significant (P < 0.001) detrimental effect on the levels of aliphatic glucosinolates whereas the opposite was noted for indole and aromatic glucosinolates, for some of the fertilization combinations tested. Overall, the results indicate that broccoli sprouts do not benefit from fertilization. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effect of post‐harvest treatments on the level of glucosinolates in broccoli

Broccoli is a very perishable vegetable with a high water content (around 88%) which leads to rapid dehydration and probably to an alteration in composition if conditions after harvest are not controlled. This study evaluates the glucosinolate pattern and glucosinolate levels in the principal and secondary inflorescences of fresh broccoli cv ‘Tokyodome’, and after being submitted to some situations which are likely to occur during or after harvest: room temperature (±20 °C) for 5 days, kept in the fridge at 4 °C for 5 days, and frozen after blanching. Another set of material was harvested 5 days later, simulating a post‐maturation stage, and analysed. The highest total glucosinolate content was found at commercial maturation with 20 888 and 20 355 µmoles kg⁻¹ DW in the principal and secondary inflorescences, respectively. Keeping the inflorescences at room temperature caused the most significant (P < 0.05) reductions in total and individual glucosinolates, except for 4‐hydroxyindol‐3‐ylmethyl‐, 2‐hydroxy‐2‐phenylethyl‐ and 2‐phenylethyl‐, when compared to the other situations. The highest levels (10 925 µmoles kg⁻¹ DW) of 4‐methylsulphinylbutyl‐, the precursor of the anti‐cancer isothiocyanate sulphoraphane, were found in the inflorescences freshly harvested at commercial stage. Refrigeration at 4 °C and freezing were shown to be the best preservation processes for maintaining high levels of these and other glucosinolates in contrast with the other situations. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

Changes in forage and oilseed rape (Brassica napus) root glucosinolates in response to attack by turnip root fly (Delia floralis)

Three genotypes of forage rape and two of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L), grown in a glasshouse, were inoculated with Delia floralis Fall eggs at 5 weeks and their roots were sampled after a further 6 weeks of larval attack. Individual and total glucosinolates were examined in seed and roots using HPLC. No clear relationship was found between seed and root total or individual glucosinolate content. Major differences in glucosinolate composition were found between uninoculated control roots. In two doublezero oilseed rapes, phenylethyl glucosinolate was predominant whereas, in the three forage rapes, 2-hydroxy-but-3-enyl was the major glucosinolate. Attack by D floralis larvae considerably modified both concentrations and relative proportions of individual glucosinolates in roots. The total glucosinolate content decreased for all of the rapes except double-zero oilseed rape WRG35. In all rapes the proportion of aromatic to aliphatic glucosinolates increased after attack, largely due to increased levels of indolebased glucosinolates; 1-methyoxy-3-indole methyl glucosinolate increased by over 88%. The total aliphatic glucosinolate content of all rape roots with the exception of WRG35 was reduced by 39–56% after attack. Possible causes for altered glucosinolate metabolism are discussed in relation to observed differences in levels of susceptibility to turnip root fly attack.     

基于气味指纹图谱的玛咖品质快速鉴定方法

以玛咖为研究对象,通过高效液相色谱和电子鼻分别测定24?个产区36?个玛咖样品中芥子油苷的总含量和气味传感器的响应值原始数据。基于玛咖样品中芥子油苷的总含量和传感器响应值的相关性分析结果,采用软独立建模分析（soft independent modeling class analogy,SIMCA）算法建立玛咖品质快速鉴定模型。结果表明：T30/1、P30/1、P30/2三根传感器与芥子油苷含量之间存在显著相关性,根据3?根传感器建立的SIMCA模型可以将不同玛咖样品分为3?个等级：一等品（芥子油苷含量≥10?mg/g）、二等品（5?mg/g≤芥子油苷含量＜10?mg/g）、三等品（芥子油苷含量＜5?mg/g）。运用电子鼻气味检测数据结合SIMCA模型可以快速鉴别玛咖的等级,还可推测出所测样品中芥子油苷的含量区间。     

Rapeseed Meals,Methimazole, Thiocyanate and Iodine Affect Growth and Thyroid. Investigations into Glucosinolate Tolerance in the Pig

In two factorial experiments with a total of 81 growing pigs, the effects of antithyroid compounds and rapeseed meal (RSM) diets differing in glucosino-late content were tested without or with supplementary iodine. In Experiment 1, a 4×3 factorial arrangement was used to investigate the effects of antithyroid compound inclusion and supplementary iodine. Pigs received a grain–soya bean meal diet (control) or this diet with 250 mg kg^-1 methimazole (MMI), 1000 mg kg^-1 thiocyanate (SCN^- as KSCN) or 80 g kg^-1 high glucosinolate RSM (9·5 mmol glucosinolates kg^-1), each diet supplemented without or with iodine; 0, 125 μg kg^-1 (requirement) or 500 μg kg^-1. In Experiment 2, a 5×3 factorial arrangement was used to study the effects of dietary glucosinolate content and iodine supplementation. Pigs received a grain–soya bean meal diet or four diets with 160 g kg^-1 RSM differing in glucosinolate content (0·6, 2·4, 6 or 19 mmol kg^-1 diet), each diet supplemented with iodine: 62·5 μg kg^-1, 125 μg kg^-1 (requirement) or 250 μg kg^-1. Irrespective of the iodine dosage, MMI suppressed production of thyroxine and resulted in goitre, myxoedema and cretinism. SCN^- induced clinical hypothyroidism when there was no supple-mental iodine. Despite high iodine supplementation, glucosinolate load (19 mmol kg^-1 diet) decreased growth, feed intake, iodine store of the thyroid and serum concentration of thyroid hormone and resulted in goitre formation. In the case of diets with ⩽6 mmol glucosinolates kg^-1, iodine prevented antithyroid effects. However, more iodine was required by these pigs than by control animals to a high T₄ serum concentration. The lowest glucosinolate level tested (0·6 mmol kg^-1 diet) yielded the same thyroid hormone status and thyroid weight as the control, however, the iodine content of thyroid gland was decreased. In conclusion, iodine administration prevents the effects of a low glucosinolate intake only, by overcoming the depressed thyroxine released of the thyroid, resulting in regression of goitre. © 1997 SCI.     

Glucosinolate content of Brassica vegetables-Chinese cabbages Pe-tsai (Brassica pekinensis) and Pak-choi (Brassica chinensis)

The glucosinolate content of 19 cultivars of pe-tsai and three cultivars of pak-choi Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis Lour) Rupr and (Brassica chinensis L, respectively) has been determined using high performance liquid chromatography. The levels of total glucosinolates were 0.097-0.337 g kg^?1 fresh weight (mean 0.198) in pe-tsai and 0.39-0.704 g kg^?1 (mean 0.534) in pak-choi. The main components present were (2-hydroxybut-3-enyl-progoitrin), but-3-enyl- (gluconapin), 5-methylsulphinylpentyl- (glucoalyssin) and pent-4-enyl (glucobrassicanapin) glucosinolates, respectively. In comparison with other UK brassicas and American cultivars of Chinese cabbage, both the UK-grown pak-choi and pe-tsai are low in glucosinolates.     

Effect of modified atmosphere packaging on visual quality and glucosinolates of broccoli florets

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) florets were packaged in polyethylene bags with no holes (M₀), two microholes (M₁), and four macroholes (M₂), and then stored at 4 or 20 °C. The effects of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) treatments on visual quality and glucosinolate contents were determined by comparing with non-wrapped florets. The results showed that MAP treatments, especially with M₀ and M₁, extended the shelf life and reduced the postharvest deterioration of broccoli florets stored at 4 and 20 °C. All three MAP treatments reduced the decreasing concentration rates of individual, total aliphatic and indole glucosinolates in broccoli florets when compared to those in the control, with M₀ being the most significant, followed by M₁ and M₂ during 23 days of storage at 4 °C or 5 days of storage at 20 °C. Broccoli florets with M₀ treatment maintained the visual quality and glucosinolate contents for 13 days at 4 °C and 3 days at 20 °C.     

Glucosinolate content of brassica vegetables: Analysis of twenty-four cultivars of calabrese (green sprouting broccoli,Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis subvar. cymosa Lam.)

The contents of glucosinolates in twenty-four cultivars of calabrese, green sprouting broccoli, have been determined using glucose release and high performance liquid chromatographic methods. The levels of total glucosinolates (range, 42·1–94·5 mg 100 g⁻¹ fresh weight; mean, 62·3 mg 100 g⁻¹ fresh weight) were comparable with those reported previously for cauliflower, but lower than those found in cabbage and, especially, Brussels sprouts. Analysis of the individual components revealed the main species to be 4-methylsulphinylbutyl glucosinolate (glucoraphanin) and, particularly, glucobrassicin and neoglucobrassicin, containing 3-indolylmethyl and 1-methoxy-3-indolylmethyl side chains, respectively. The individual glucosinolate contents of calabrese and cauliflower are compared and differences are considered in the context of biosynthetic pathways. The consequences of these findings for the flavour and biological properties of calabrese are briefly discussed.     

The effect of light and temperature on glucosinolate concentration in the leaves and roots of cabbage seedlings

In previous studies it was shown that the concentration of total and individual glucosinolates in brassicaceous plants can vary significantly over a 24-h period grown either in the field or under controlled conditions. The present study shows total and individual glucosinolate variation during a single day. Seedlings of cabbage grown under controlled conditions and at 14 and 15 days after emergence were moved to 20°C (Exp A) and 30°C (Exp B), with a constant photosynthetic photon flux density of 480 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ and 75% relative humidity, over a 2-day period, during which time aerial parts and roots were sampled at regular intervals. Whilst the glucosinolate patterns of the aerial part of the plant and of the roots remained the same, the levels of major glucosinolates in the aerial part, averaged over all sampling times and 2 days, were 233 ± 60 μmol 100 g⁻¹ DW for 3-methylsulphinylpropyl and 72 ± 22 for 2-propenyl; in the roots, 2-phenylethyl and 1-methoxyindol-3-ylmethyl showed the highest average concentrations, with 678 ± 355 μmol 100 g⁻¹ DW and 411 ± 122, respectively. Total and individual glucosinolate levels showed very high significant differences between the two plant parts. Despite the constant temperature, light and relative humidity, glucosinolates varied within a 24-h period, showing ultradian rhythms that are common to several metabolic processes in plants. The results confirm previous observations that at a temperature of 20°C, close to the optimum for growth and development, the diurnal variation in glucosinolate concentration, was smaller than at 30°C. © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry     

Glucosinolates in Rutabaga Grown in Soil Capped over Coal Fly Ash

Nine glucosinolates were measured by HPLC analysis in rutabaga grown on soil capped over a coal fly ash landfill or on normal clay and silt loam soil. Progoitrin (2-hydroxybut-3-enyl glucosinolate) and neoglucobrassicin (1-methoxy-3-indolylmethyl glucosinolate) were the most abundant glucosinolates found. Progoitrin and three other minor glucosinolates were present in the natural soil-grown rutabaga in greater amounts than in that grown in fly-ash soil. However, fly ash grown rutabaga contained comparatively greater levels of glucobrassicin (3-indolylmethyl glucosinolate) and neoglucobrassicin, the major glucosinolate present.