市售调味酱中5种真菌毒素的测定

建立了用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱同时检测芝麻酱、花生酱及黄豆酱中5种真菌毒素(黄曲霉毒素B1、黄曲霉毒素B2、黄曲霉毒素G1、黄曲霉毒素G2、赭曲霉毒素A)的检测方法.样品采取乙腈-甲酸-水(70∶1∶29,体积比)混合溶液提取,利用多功能净化柱净化,采用1％的甲酸水相和混合甲醇-乙腈有机相进行梯度洗脱,经多反应监测模...     

固相萃取柱净化-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定液态乳中14 种真菌毒素

建立使用固相萃取柱净化液态乳中14 种真菌毒素（黄曲霉毒素B1、黄曲霉毒素B2、黄曲霉毒素G1、黄曲霉毒素G2、黄曲霉毒素M1、赭曲霉毒素A、橘霉素、T-2毒素、杂色曲霉素、伏马毒素B1、伏马毒素B2、玉米赤霉烯酮、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、青霉酸）多残留的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法。样品经含0.1%甲酸-乙腈沉淀蛋白和提取,固相萃取柱Oasis PRiME HLB净化后,以0.1%甲酸溶液与乙腈为流动相,经ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3色谱柱（2.1?mm×100?mm,1.8?μm）分离,梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾-正离子多反应监测模式,外标法定量。结果表明：14?种真菌毒素的定量限（RSN≥10）为0.5～5?μg/kg,高、中、低3?个添加水平时,平均回收率为67.7%～112.7%,相对标准偏差为0.43%～7.28%。该方法的检测速度快,净化效果较好,基质干扰较少,灵敏度高,结果准确、可靠,可用于液态乳中真菌毒素的检测分析。     

高效液相色谱法同时检测粮食中常见8 种真菌毒素的含量

建立免疫亲和柱净化-高效液相色谱法同时测定粮食中黄曲霉毒素B1（aflatoxins,AFB1）、黄曲霉毒素B2（AFB2）、黄曲霉毒素G1（AFG1）、黄曲霉毒素G2（AFG2）、赭曲霉毒素A（ochratoxin A,OTA）、玉米赤霉烯酮（zearalenone,ZEN）、呕吐毒素（deoxynivalenol,DON）和T-2毒素的检测方法。样品经乙腈-水提取后,用免疫亲和柱净化,Agilent Elipse Plus C18（100 mm×4 mm,3.5 μm）色谱柱分离,以甲醇-乙腈-水-乙酸为流动相,流速1 mL/min,柱温35 ℃,进样量20 μL,检测系统为可变波长检测器串联光化学衍生器串联荧光检测器。根据信噪比为3的峰响应值,确定各真菌毒素的检出限为：AFB1 0.446 ng/mL、AFB2 0.152 ng/mL、AFG1 0.523 ng/mL、AFG2 0.334 ng/mL、ZEN 7 ng/mL、OTA 0.7 ng/mL、DON 200 ng/mL、T-2毒素100 ng/mL。样品中各真菌毒素的平均加标回收率,玉米为80.0%～104.5%,小麦为83.2%～102.8%,方法精密度为2.6%～10.2%。从样品前处理到分析整个过程耗时约2 h。本方法简便、快速、灵敏度高,适用于粮食中多种真菌毒素的快速测定。     

白酒酒醅中真菌毒素的检测

该实验建立了白酒生产原料酒醅中31种真菌毒素的液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法。样品使用乙腈与1%的甲酸水混合溶液（85∶15,V/V）提取,经QuEChERS法净化后,采用多反应监测模式（MRM）检测,可同时对31种真菌毒素进行定性定量分析。结果表明,该方法的相关系数R2为0.991～0.999,线性关系良好,检出限和定量限分别为0.1～5.0 μg/kg和0.4～16.5 μg/kg,平均回收率为83.1%～108.7%,回收率实验结果的相对标准偏差（RSD）为2.5%～9.6%。对10个随机抽取的酒醅样品进行检测,检出的真菌毒素分别有：黄曲霉毒素、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇及其衍生物、T-2毒素、新茄病镰刀菌烯醇、玉米赤霉烯酮、赭曲霉毒素、杂色曲霉素。该方法的灵敏度、准确度和精密度良好,可满足白酒生产原料中31种真菌毒素的检测。     

超高效液相色谱-质谱联用法检测地理标志产品松江大米中8种真菌毒素的含量

建立超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法同时检测大米基质中8种真菌毒素的方法,对地理标志产品松江大米中真菌毒素的污染情况进行监测。大米样品经提取液乙腈水混合液（84:16,v:v）超声提取后,取部分提取液加入内标溶液,混匀后过多功能净化柱MycoSep229净化,采用Waters Acquity UPLC?BEH?C18色谱柱 (2.1 mm×50 mm, 1.7 μm),以0.1%（v:v）甲酸水溶液-乙腈作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,分离黄曲霉毒素B1（Aflatoxin B1, AFB1）、黄曲霉毒素B2（Aflatoxin B2, AFB2）、黄曲霉毒素G1（Aflatoxin G1,AFG1）、黄曲霉毒素G2（Aflatoxin G2, AFG2）、伏马毒素B1（FumonisinsB1, FB1）、伏马毒素B2（FumonisinsB2, FB2）、伏马毒素B3（FumonisinsB3, FB3）、赭曲霉毒素A（Ochratoxin A, OTA） 8种真菌毒素化合物,该方法采用电喷雾离子化正离子模式,以多反应监测方式进行。AFB1、AFG1、FB1、FB2、FB3、OTA 6种真菌毒素在0.5-15μg/L范围内线性良好,AFB2、AFG2在0.125-3.75μg/L范围内线性良好,线性相关系数r均大于0.999;8种化合物定量限(limit of quantifications, LOQs)范围为0.01-0.25 μg/kg,比国标中相同方法的定量限降低2-80倍不等;在低、中、高三水平加标,其回收率均在95%~120%范围内,相对标准偏差(relative standard deviations, RSDs)为1.5%~8.9% (N=6)。本方法前处理简单,方法利用率高,结果准确可靠,利用该方法检测的20批新上市松江大米中真菌毒素污染情况比较乐观,对人体的健康危害较低。     

QuEChERS-HPLC-MS/MS法检测谷物源性运动食品中杂色曲霉毒素和黄曲霉毒素

建立一种快速、高效的QuEChERS-高效液相色谱-串联质谱（QuEChERS-HPLC-MS/MS）法测定谷物源性运动食品中的杂色曲霉毒素和黄曲霉毒素的方法。样品采用乙腈-水（85∶15,V/V）提取,经SiO2+C18净化后检测。以乙腈-0.15%甲酸为流动相,在质谱检测器的多反应监测模式下进行分析。结果表明,5种真菌毒素在0.1～10.0 ng/mL质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数（R2）为0.999 2～0.999 7,检出限为0.03～0.14 μg/kg,定量限为0.10～0.49 μg/kg,加标回收率为85.8%～99.4%,精密度试验结果的相对标准偏差（RSD）为2.72%～5.23%。该方法具有前处理简单、净化效果好、灵敏度高的优点,适用于谷物源性运动食品中杂色曲霉毒素和黄曲霉毒素的分析和定量检测。     

UPLC-MS/MS法测定玉米中13种真菌毒素

建立了超高压液相色谱串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)测定玉米中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇及其乙酰化衍生物、玉米赤霉烯酮、黄曲霉毒素B1/B2/G1/G2、伏马毒素B1/B2、赭曲霉毒素A、T-2和HT-2等13种真菌毒素的分析方法。样品采用乙腈∶水∶乙酸(80∶19∶1,V/V/V)提取后,经过稀释、离心和过滤的前处理操作即可进行仪器测定。结果表明,13种真菌毒素的定量限在1~200μg/kg之间,3个浓度添加水平回收率为80%~114%,相对标准偏差为0.9%~10.9%,基体标准物质测定结果均在标准值±不确定度的范围内。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定牛奶中24 种真菌毒素

运用基质分散固相萃取净化,建立牛奶中24 种真菌毒素（黄曲霉毒素B1、黄曲霉毒素B2、黄曲霉毒素G1、黄曲霉毒素G2、黄曲霉毒素M1、赭曲霉毒素A、玉米赤霉烯酮、玉米赤霉酮、α-玉米赤霉烯醇、β-玉米赤霉烯醇、α-玉米赤霉醇、β-玉米赤霉醇、T-2毒素、HT-2霉素、伏马毒素B1、伏马毒素B2、伏马毒素B3、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、3-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、15-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、交链孢霉单甲基醚、交链孢酚、腾毒素、细交链孢菌酮酸）多残留检测的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法。样品经80%乙腈溶液（体积分数）提取,通过基质分散固相萃取净化,氮吹至近干,1 mL 50%乙腈溶液（体积分数）复溶,采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱进行测定。经ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3反相柱（2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8 μm）分离,梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾离子源-多反应监测模式采集。24 种目标物的相关系数（R2）均大于0.985,加标回收率为71.0%～123.0%,相对标准偏差均小于10%。该方法具有操作简单、重复性好、灵敏度高、杂质干扰小等特点,可以用于牛奶中24 种真菌毒素的检测。     

QuEChERS-高效液相色谱-质谱法检测食品中14 种真菌毒素

建立QuEChERS-高效液相色谱-质谱检测食品中14 种真菌毒素的方法。均质样品用1%乙酸-乙腈提取,经分散固相萃取净化后,采用ACQUITU UPLC BEH C18色谱柱（2.1 mm×50 mm,1.7 μm）分离。采用电喷雾电离、多反应监测方式,可同时对食品中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、青霉酸、黄曲霉毒素M1、黄曲霉毒素G2、桔青霉毒素、黄曲霉毒素B1、黄曲霉毒素B2、黄曲霉毒素G1、玉米赤霉烯酮、赭曲霉毒素A、杂色曲霉毒素、HT-2毒素、T-2毒素、鬼臼毒素14 种真菌毒素进行定性和定量分析。最低检出限为0.5～1 μg/kg。该方法简便快速、选择性佳、灵敏度高,适用于食品安全事件分析中真菌毒素的分析。     

免疫亲和柱净化-超高效液相色谱串联质谱法同时测定火锅底料中的5种真菌毒素

目的：建立复合免疫亲和柱净化、超高效液相色谱串联质谱检测火锅底料中的黄曲霉毒素B1(Aflatoxins B1,AFB1)、黄曲霉毒素B2(Aflatoxins B2,AFB2)、黄曲霉毒素G1(Aflatoxins G1,AFG1)、黄曲霉毒素G2(Aflatoxins G2,AFG2)、赭曲霉毒素A(Ochratoxin A, OTA)的方法。方法：样品提取后,经复合免疫亲和柱净化,以0.1%甲酸水和甲醇为流动相梯度洗脱,用Agilent EclipsePlus C18 RRHD色谱柱分离,ESI+进行多反应监测,内标法定量。结果：5种真菌毒素的线性范围在0.1～10.0 ng/mL,相关系数(r)>0.999,检出限0.1μg/kg,定量限0.3μg/kg。3个加标水平下(0.2、5.0、10.0μg/kg)的回收率在81.38%～97.87%之间,相对标准偏差为0.79%～6.18%。结论：该方法快速准确,可用于火锅底料中5种真菌毒素的定性、定量检测。     

高效液相色谱法同时检测粮谷中的黄曲霉毒素和赭曲霉毒素

建立粮谷类食品中黄曲霉毒素(B1、B2、G1 和G2)和赭曲霉毒素A 的同时检测方法。样品经过甲醇- 水(80:20,V/V)提取,液液萃取净化和富集后,三氟乙酸衍生,采用Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 色谱柱(4.6mm ×250mm),以乙腈和体积分数2% 冰醋酸溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,在线变换波长荧光检测。根据3 倍信噪比的峰 响应值,确定黄曲霉毒素(B1、B2、G1 和G2)和赭曲霉毒素A 检出限分别为0.06、0.03、0.18、0.05μg/kg 和0.51μg/kg,上述5 种毒素分别在质量浓度0.05～100、0.125～25.00、0.05～100、0.125～25.00μg/L 和0.05～50.00μg/L 范围内呈线性相关,相关系数r 分别为0.9998、0.9998、0.9998、0.9996 和0.9998;在玉米、大米、小麦3 类样品中加标回收率平均为71.73%～115.37%,相对标准偏差为3.00%～9.88%,方法学验证结果表明,黄曲霉毒素和赭曲霉毒素A 5 种毒素同时检测结果与现行国标的单独检测方法检测结果无显著性差异(P ＞ 0.05)。     

UHPLC–MS/MS highly sensitive determination of aflatoxins,the aflatoxin metabolite M1 and ochratoxin A in baby food and milk

In this work, a method has been developed for the ultrasensitive and selective determination of various regulated mycotoxins (aflatoxins G1, G2, B1, B2, M1, and ochratoxin A) in baby food commodities and milk, using ultra high pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The high sensitivity required for these compounds made necessary the application of a pre-concentration step based on solid phase extraction with immunoaffinity columns, after sample extraction with acetonitrile:water (80:20). Thanks to the fast high-resolution of UHPLC and the enhanced selectivity obtained with the triple quadrupole mass analyser in SRM mode, the chromatographic separation was achieved in only 4 min.     

Quantitative analysis of mycotoxins in cereal foods by collision cell fragmentation-high-resolution mass spectrometry: performance and comparison with triple-stage quadrupole detection

A liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) method for the simultaneous determination of aflatoxins (B(1), B(2), G(1), G(2)), ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, T-2 and HT-2 toxins in wheat flour, barley flour and crisp bread was developed. Mycotoxin fragmentation patterns obtained by high-energy collision dissociation (HCD) were investigated to obtain quantitative and confirmatory information (two characteristic masses per mycotoxin) using Orbitrap?-based high-resolution mass spectrometry. LC-HRMS (full-scan) detection carried out by HCD allows the monitoring of the pseudo-molecular ion and an additional characteristic fragment (for each mycotoxin) with mass accuracy in the range 0.1-3.9?ppm, meeting current European regulatory requirements for LC-MS confirmatory analysis. A sample preparation procedure based on polymeric solid-phase extraction cartridges was applied, allowing recoveries higher than 74% for nine mycotoxins, with a relative standard deviation lower than 13%. Detection limits in the range 0.5-3.4?μg?kg(-1) were obtained for three cereal matrices. A critical comparison between the proposed method and a validated method based on triple quadrupole mass spectrometry showed similar performance in terms of detection limits, recoveries and repeatability, and matrix effects. Based on an efficient sample extraction and clean-up, the LC-HCD-HRMS method reported here represents a reliable and robust alternative tool for mycotoxin analysis in food matrices as compared with well-established triple quadrupole-based approaches.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定玉米中9种真菌毒素

为高效检测玉米中的生物毒素,采用80%乙腈?0.1%甲酸水溶液提取、QuEChERS法净化、甲醇?0.1%甲酸+5 mmol/L甲酸铵水溶液经C₁₈柱梯度洗脱分离、电喷雾正负离子同时扫描并多反应监测模式采集数据的综合方法,对玉米中黄曲霉毒素B₁、B₂、伏马毒素B₁、B₂、B₃、呕吐毒素、3-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、15-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇及玉米赤霉烯酮9种真菌毒素进行同时测定。结果表明,9种真菌毒素在0.25～250 μg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均在0.9999以上,检出限在0.079～1.8 μg/kg之间,定量限在0.26～6.0 μg/kg之间,回收率在80.2%～113.8%之间,相对标准偏差≤7.7%。用该方法同时检测吉林省240份玉米样品中9种真菌毒素,其中未检测出黄曲霉毒素B₁、B₂,但其它7种毒素均有检出,其中ZEN检出率最小,为14.6%,FB₂检出率最大,达到98.3%。本方法操作简单、灵敏度高、重现性好,结果准确,适用于玉米中多组分真菌毒素同时检测。     

Validation of a UHPLC-FLD method for the simultaneous quantification of aflatoxins,ochratoxin A and zearalenone in barley

A fast and simple UHPLC-FLD method has been developed for the simultaneous determination in barley of aflatoxins (B1, G1, B2 and G2), ochratoxin A (OTA) and zearalenone (ZEA), some of the most important mycotoxins due to their toxicity and occurrence. The procedure is based on the extraction of the six mycotoxins with a mixture of acetonitrile and water, and the purification of the extract with immunoaffinity columns before analysis. Detection of AFB1 and AFG1 is improved using a photochemical reaction. The method has been validated with satisfactory results. Limits of detection were 340 ng kg⁻¹ for ZEA, 13 ng kg⁻¹ for OTA and varied from 0.5 to 15 ng kg⁻¹ for aflatoxins. Recovery percentages were between 78.2% and 109.2%. After being validated, the method has been successfully applied to 20 barley samples cultivated in a region of northern Spain (Navarra).     

多功能免疫亲和柱净化-超高效液相色谱串联质谱法快速检测咖啡豆中的11种真菌毒素

建立了同时测定咖啡豆中11种真菌毒素的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法,实验考察了色谱柱选择、提取溶剂组成、固相萃取柱选择、流动相比例对分析结果的影响。以咖啡豆为研究对象,样品均质后,经乙腈-水-甲酸（85+14+1,V/V）振荡提取,离心,过Oasis PRiME HLB柱,取净化液10 mL用磷酸缓冲液稀释至50 mL,经多功能免疫亲和柱净化,氮吹、50%乙腈复溶,以0.1%甲酸-2 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液-乙腈为流动相,用Waters BEH C₁₈柱分离,超高效液相色谱-质谱仪分析,内标法定量。结果表明,11种真菌毒素在各自线性范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.998,检出限为0.008~0.544 μg/kg。在低、中、高3个添加水平下的平均回收率为80.2%~114%,相对标准偏差为1.4%~7.9%。本方法步骤简便、快速高效,适用于咖啡豆中11种真菌毒素的同时测定分析。     

Application of an HPLC–MS/MS method for mycotoxin analysis in commercial baby foods

This article describes the validation of an analytical method for the detection of 21 mycotoxins in baby food. The analytical method is based on the simultaneous extraction of selected mycotoxins by matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) followed by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) using a hybrid triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometer (QTRAP®). Information Dependent Acquisition (IDA), an extra confirmation tool for samples that contain the selected mycotoxins, was used. The matrix effects were evaluated, and the corrections for the matrix effects were performed using two calibration approaches: external matrix-matched calibration and internal standard calibration. Matrix-matched calibration was ultimately used for accurate quantification, and the recoveries obtained were generally higher than 70%. The analytical method was applied to the analysis of 35 samples of commercial baby foods. No sample exceeded the maximum limit (ML) fixed by the European Union for these mycotoxins in baby food. However, this survey highlighted the occurrence of mycotoxins in cereal-based infant foods.     

Validation and application of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry based method for the assessment of the co-occurrence of mycotoxins in maize silages from dairy farms in NW Spain

The first objective of this study was the validation of an efficient multi-analyte method for the simultaneous detection and quantification of mycotoxins in maize silage, by reverse-phase liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionisation triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-HESI-MS/MS). A simple liquid/solid extraction was performed either with clean-up on Mycospin 400 columns or without any clean-up. Almost all the target mycotoxins showed highly-suppressed signals in the presence of a matrix, emphasising the need to quantitate mycotoxins by means of matrix-matched calibrations. An alternative validation method based on ISO 11843 and on a single factor balanced design was implemented. The achieved average recoveries from spiked samples at three levels ranged from 60% to 122% with relative standard deviations (rsd) below 11%. Limits of Detection (LODs) and Limits of Quantification (LOQs) were between 0.02–17.1 µg kg^?1 and 0.06–57 µg kg^?1. The calculated repeatability and within-lab reproducibility ranged from 5.2 to 23.2% and from 7.2 to 23.9%, respectively. Finally, the decision limit and detection capacity, CCα and CCβ, were calculated for all mycotoxins having regulated/recommended contents in feed. The validated method was applied to 148 samples collected over two years in 19 dairy farms from Galicia (NW Spain). Of the analysed samples, 62% contained at least one mycotoxin. Zearalenone (ZEA), deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisins B1 and B2, roquefortine C, α-zearalenol, β-zearalenol, enniatins B and B1, andrastin A, marcfortine A, verruculogen and mycophenolic acid were quantified, the highest average detection frequency being for enniatin B (51%). DON, mycophenolic acid and ZEA plus metabolites (α-zearalenol, β-zearalenol) were the most abundant mycotoxins.     

QuEChERS结合UPLC-Q/Orbitrap HRMS法测定小麦粉中9种真菌毒素

建立QuEChERS-高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电轨道离子阱高分辨质谱法同时测定小麦粉中9种真菌毒素的方法.样品经2.0％甲酸-乙腈提取,QuEChERS盐包脱水盐析后,用dSPE净化管净化,超高效液相色谱分离,在正离子模式下进行检测.在全扫描模式下测定目标化合物的一级精密质量数,与理论精密质量数相比,相对偏差不大于1....