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为了探讨啤酒老化过程中的各种因素和化学反应与老化的相关性,研究了六种比利时淡色啤酒的风味变化,企图将各种理化指标与感官质量的变化用多元统计方程联系起来。偏最小二乘回归法用于分析理化与感官数据。从建立的偏最小二乘回归模型来看,啤酒老化过程明显的变化是产生醛类(乙醛、糠醛、己醛、异丁醛、2-甲基丁醛和3-甲基丁醛),产生冷混浊和永久混浊,色度加深。相反地,在这个模型中随着啤酒的老化,异葎草酮、苦味质、醇酯比、多酚、黄酮类化合物都降至较低的含量,TBA 指数和还原力也下降。理化指标和感官品评相结合的方法对于啤酒风味不稳定性的研究仍是一种有用的工具。 相似文献
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运用电子舌、感官品评以及风味化学分析技术对30个同一品类不同批次的啤酒样品进行感官评价、电子舌滋味评价和风味化学物质分析,结合主成分分析及偏最小二乘回归法研究电子舌在同一品类不同样品间风味判别以及口感量化评价方面的应用。结果发现,基于电子舌传感器的滋味信息及主成分分析方法,可灵敏地区分不同样品间的滋味差异;同时结合感官品评数据,利用偏最小二乘法建立了基于电子舌的口感评价模型。此外,通过对40种风味物质与7根电子舌传感器滋味信号间的偏最小二乘回归分析,发现离子(Na+、PO34-)、有机酸(甲酸)、多糖(麦芽三糖、四糖及以上多糖)、小分子蛋白、总多酚以及醇类物质是影响电子舌滋味信息的主要因素,且同一种物质对不同传感器滋味信号的影响及程度不同,明确了影响不同传感器滋味信号的物质基础,阐明了电子舌的呈味机制。该研究为客观、准确、快速的风味感官评价以及调控技术提供技术手段和理论依据。 相似文献
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为研究常规化学成分对市售卷烟感官品质特征的影响,采用偏最小二乘回归法(partial least square regression,PLSR)分析常规化学指标总糖、还原糖、烟碱、总氮等与卷烟感官品质的相关性。结果表明:总糖、还原糖、糖碱比与舒适感所有指标呈正相关;烟碱、总氮、钾与卷烟的舒适感特性呈负相关;钾氯比与口腔刺激/舌部灼烧和口腔残留/干燥感呈显著正相关。在卷烟的烟气特性中,总糖、还原糖、糖碱比与大部分烟气特性指标呈正相关;烟碱与丰富性呈显著负相关,与劲头呈显著正相关;钾氯比与杂气呈显著正相关。 相似文献
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《食品与发酵工业》2019,(21):244-249
通过探究酚类化合物对腊肉烟熏风味的影响,确定关键烟熏风味物质。以6个烟熏腊肉和2个风干腊肉为研究对象,分别采用定量描述分析法描述气味特征和固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析挥发性成分。结果表明,烟熏腊肉具有烟味、木味、灰烬味、刺鼻等4种烟熏风味,但风干腊肉不具有烟熏风味。6个烟熏腊肉样品中共鉴定出苯酚等6种烷基酚类和愈创木酚等6种愈创木基型酚类,每个样品中分别含有3~10种。2种风干腊肉中均未鉴定出酚类化合物。偏最小二乘回归(partial least-squares regression,PLSR)分析发现,除了4-甲氧基苯酚,苯酚、愈创木酚等酚类化合物对烟熏风味有较大的贡献。该研究确定了酚类化合物是腊肉中的关键烟熏风味物质,为改良食品的烟熏风味和开发烟熏液提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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为了解猪肉制品冷藏时风味特征的变化,以荣昌猪和PIC猪背最长肌为材料,分别经100、120和180℃加工处理后,在避光透氧条件下冷藏,分别在冷藏的第0、3和6天测定各样品风味方面的感官特性,并应用偏最小二乘回归法(PLSR)分析冷藏时间、加工方式和猪肉种类对风味特征的影响。结果显示:样品冷藏期间肉香味和猪肉特征味明显减弱,而一些异味显著增加;偏最小二乘回归分析(PLSR)表明,冷藏时间、加工方式和猪肉种类分别解释了风味特征变化中54%、34%和3%的变量,因此猪肉制品冷藏中风味特征的变化主要受冷藏时间和加工方式的影响,而猪肉种类的影响非常有限。 相似文献
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该文以品质特性相差较大的34个小麦品种(系)为材料,采用偏最小二乘回归(partial least squares regression,PLSR)分析研究小麦粉的品质特性与生鲜面色泽、质构、感官特性的关系。结果表明,所试小麦粉的品质指标具有较大的变异系数(小麦粉b*值的变异系数为215.84%),样品具有较好的代表性;小麦粉L*值对生鲜面L*值具有显著性贡献(p<0.05),生鲜面L*值与蛋白质、湿面筋、干面筋含量、吸水率呈显著负相关(p<0.05);小麦粉的形成时间、稳定时间、粉质质量指数显著影响生鲜面的硬度指标(p<0.05);小麦粉的峰值黏度、最低黏度、最终黏度等与生鲜面的感官总分呈显著正相关(p<0.05),弱化度对其具有显著负影响(p<0.05)。结果表明,小麦粉的品质特性显著影响生鲜面的色泽、质构和感官特性,在生鲜面专用小麦品种优选中,需要综合统筹小麦粉色泽、糊化特性,以及面团筋力等因素的影响。 相似文献
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为探究影响鱼露抗氧化活性的关键成分,研究不同发酵时期鱼露的抗氧化活性与理化成分(可溶性肽、游离氨基酸和有机酸),进行相关性分析,构建偏最小二乘回归模型。结果表明,发酵6个月鱼露DPPH清除活性、还原力、总酚含量最高,分别为85.4%,0.499和38.4μg GAE/mL;发酵12个月鱼露理化物质最丰富,富含丰富的TCA可溶性肽(5.81 g/100 mL)、游离氨基酸、乳酸(9.87 mg/100 m L)、柠檬酸(0.56 mg/100 m L)、琥珀酸(9.20 mg/100 m L)。由PLSR模型可知,半胱氨酸、酪氨酸、脯氨酸、柠檬酸是影响鱼露抗氧化活性的关键成分,半胱氨酸、酪氨酸、脯氨酸对抗氧化活性有积极作用,而柠檬酸起到相反的作用。研究为数学模型在鱼露抗氧化活性分析中的应用提供依据。 相似文献
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Masaru Kato Toshihiro Kamada Mayura Mochizuki Toshinori Sasaki Yuko Fukushima Takumi Sugiyama Aiko Hiromasa Takashi Suda Takeo Imai 《Journal of the Institute of Brewing》2021,127(1):27-40
Low malt beers have high sales volumes in Japan, but improving their mouthfeel, including softness, smoothness and decreasing astringency, is challenging because the compounds responsible remain unclear. In this study, beer was fractionated by preparative size‐exclusion chromatography, with the polypeptide and maltodextrin fractions purified using solid‐phase extraction and ion‐exchange resin. Sensory data from a spike test showed that the mouthfeel (softness, smoothness, and reduced astringency) of low malt beer was improved both by the degree of polymerisation (DP) of maltodextrins (DP of 2‐10; at increased concentration of 40 to 60%; P < 0.01) and by 10 ‐ 20 kilodalton (kDa) high molecular weight (HMW) polypeptide and 2‐3 kDa low molecular weight polypeptide fractions (at a 50% increase in concentration; P < 0.01). Furthermore, highly purified 10 to 20 kDa HMW polypeptides improved the softness and smoothness and decreased the astringency (at a 25% increase in concentration). This report is the first to provide experimental sensory data indicating that HMW polypeptides improve the mouthfeel of beer. Based on these findings, a new low malt beer was developed that showed significantly higher levels of the 10‐20 kDa HMW polypeptides with an overall improved mouthfeel. Mass spectrometric analysis of the 10 to 20 kDa proteins identified several unique foam positive proteins, including barley dimeric alpha‐amylase inhibitor‐1 and non‐specific lipid‐transfer protein 1. These 10‐20 kDa HMW proteins are likely to be responsible for the improved mouthfeel of beer. © 2020 Kirin Holdings Kabushik Kaisha Co. Ltd. Journal of the Institute of Brewing published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Institute of Brewing & Distilling 相似文献
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Interactions between flavor compounds and food ingredients and their influence on flavor perception 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
E. Guichard 《Food Reviews International》2002,18(1):49-70
Interactions between flavor compounds and food ingredients are reviewed and their influence on flavor perception is discussed. Proteins are known to bind flavor compounds. For β-lactoglobulin, the most-studied example, hydrophobic interactions with volatiles are described. The effect of the medium on the conformation of the protein and its ability to bind flavor compounds is discussed. In general, the retention of volatiles by protein is much lower than that by fat. In emulsions, however, the presence of protein at the oil/water interface induces a significant effect on flavor release and flavor perception of hydrophobic flavor compounds. For starch, an extensively studied hydrocolloid, amylose has been shown to form complexes with aroma compounds. The physical state of carbohydrates is one parameter influencing flavor retention. However, the major effect of hydrocolloids seems to be a limitation for the diffusion of aroma compounds due to changes in viscosity. Addition of fat induces significant retention of hydrophobic flavor compounds resulting in noticeable effects on flavor perception. Changing the fat content modifies the overall perception of a mixture of flavor compounds from different chemical classes. The melting point of the fats influences the solubility of aromas and thus the flavor release. Emulsification and droplet size also affect flavor release and perception. More research is required on the effects of real food samples containing mixtures of different flavor compounds. 相似文献