高压静电场纺丝法制备羟丙基甲基纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯超细纤维

通过高压静电场纺丝法制备了羟丙基甲基纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯(HPMCP)的超细纤维,并详细研究了溶液浓度、纺丝电压及混合溶剂的配比对纤维形态和直径的影响。当混合溶剂中的无水乙醇与二氯甲烷为1∶1(V/V)时,在纺丝电压为30kV的条件下,HPMCP可纺丝的浓度范围为7%～16%(wt)。溶液浓度为7%时,电纺得到珠状纤维;浓度大于8%时,得到表面光滑的圆柱状纤维。随着纺丝溶液浓度的增大,所得纤维的平均直径逐渐增大。在HPMCP溶液浓度(8%)和溶剂组成(无水乙醇/二氯甲烷=1∶1)保持一定时,随着纺丝电压的增大,所得纤维的平均直径呈下降的趋势。而在纺丝浓度和电压一定的情况下,随着混合溶剂中二氯甲烷体积分数的增大,所得纤维的平均直径先增大后减小,无水乙醇与二氯甲烷体积比为1∶1和1∶2时,所得纤维的直径分布相对集中。     

静电纺丝法制备聚碳酸酯基聚氨酯纳米纤维的研究

以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)和四氢呋喃(THF)为混合溶剂配制聚碳酸酯基热塑性聚氨酯(PU)纺丝溶液,通过静电纺丝法制备PU纳米纤维。重点研究了纺丝溶液浓度、混合溶剂中DMF和THF的体积比、纺丝电压和纺丝溶液流速对PU纳米纤维形态、直径及其分散性的影响。结果发现,纺丝液浓度为12%,混合溶剂中DMF与THF体积比为1∶1,纺丝电压为10 kV,纺丝溶液流速为0. 8 m L/h时,通过静电纺丝法制得的PU纳米纤维粗细均匀,表面光滑,纤维之间无粘连现象,形成的纳米纤维膜空隙率高。     

莫来石纤维前驱体溶胶纺丝性能的研究

以粒度≤15μm的铝粉和结晶氯化铝按照物质的量比为3.4∶1混合得到无色透明的氯化铝溶胶,接着向氯化铝溶胶中加入含有酒石酸封端剂的硅溶胶获得莫来石纤维前驱体溶胶。研究了酒石酸添加量(w)为1%、2%、3%、4%和聚乙烯醇纺丝助剂添加量(w)为0.25%、0.5%、1%、1.5%、2%以及不同固含量(质量分数,5%~65%)对莫来石纤维前驱体溶胶纺丝性能的影响。结果表明:酒石酸和聚乙烯醇的加入对莫来石纤维前驱体溶胶的纺丝性能有显著影响,当添加3%(w)的酒石酸和1%(w)的聚乙烯醇时,纺丝性能最佳;在固含量为57%(w)时,莫来石纤维前驱体溶胶呈现剪切变稀特性,其纺丝性能最优。     

静电纺丝法制备丝素蛋白/季铵盐壳聚糖复合纤维支架

将丝素蛋白(SF)水溶液和季铵盐壳聚糖(HACC)水溶液以100∶0、99∶1、98∶2和97∶3的溶质比共混作为纺丝液,测试了其质量分数为30%时的表面张力和电导率,并通过应力控制流变仪对其静态剪切和动态剪切作用下的流变性能进行了分析。采用静电纺丝技术制备出静电纺SF/HACC复合纤维支架,通过扫描电子显微镜对其表面形貌进行表征。结果表明,随着HACC含量的增加,纺丝液的黏度和电导率逐步提升;HACC能促进纺丝液的凝胶化;得到的静电纺纤维支架有着较均一的形貌,纤维较扁平,在组织工程修复领域具有良好的应用前景。     

最新专利

<正>一种聚丁二酸丁二醇酯纤维的制备方法一种聚丁二酸丁二醇酯纤维的制备方法,属于熔融纺丝制造功能性合成纤维技术领域。将纺丝原料聚丁二酸丁二醇酯进行真空干燥;将纺丝原料聚丁二酸丁二醇酯与纺丝原料相变材料微胶囊按质量比为(88～100):(12～0),纺丝加工添加剂与聚丁二酸丁二醇酯和相变材料微胶囊的总质量按质量比为(0.1～0.5)∶100进行配     

醋酸丁酸纤维素溶液性质及其静电可纺性研究

研究了醋酸丁酸纤维素(CAB)的静电可纺性,主要探讨了纺丝液的浓度、纺丝电压、固化距离和溶剂对CAB静电纺丝的影响。试验结果表明:在质量体积百分比为10%￣50%范围内,随着CAB的浓度的增加,经历从颗粒到珠节最后再到形成纤维;纺丝电压的增加和固化距离变大均导致纤维直径变小。醋酸-丙酮混合溶剂的体积比在2∶18和13∶7范围内是CAB静电纺丝的合适溶剂。     

PVA/SA/MF阻燃复合纤维的制备和性能研究

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)、海藻酸钠(SA)和三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂(MF)混合液为纺丝原液,采用湿法纺丝工艺制备PVA/SA/MF复合纤维。研究了PVA与SA及MF的共混比例对复合纤维阻燃性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明:PVA/SA/MF复合纤维的表面均匀光滑,其内部为网状结构;随着MF含量的增加,复合纤维阻燃性能增强,但其断裂强度呈现先增加后降低的趋势;当PVA∶SA∶MF质量比为10∶1∶4时,复合纤维的阻燃性能和力学性能均较好,其极限氧指数(LOI)为29. 8%,断裂强度为3. 19 c N/dtex;当PVA∶SA∶MF质量比为10∶1∶6时,复合纤维的阻燃性能、热性能及耐阻燃耐久性最好,其LOI为32. 0%,600℃时的质量保持率为24%左右,水洗50次后的LOI为25. 9%。     

水性聚氨酯/聚乙烯醇复合纳米纤维的制备及结构研究

将水性聚氨酯(WPUR)与聚乙烯醇(PVAL)按照不同质量比制备质量分数为8%的纺丝溶液,通过静电纺丝制备WPUR/PVAL复合纳米纤维。运用扫描电子显微镜、傅立叶变换红外光谱仪和X射线衍射仪对WPUR与PVAL质量比不同的纺丝溶液制备的复合纳米纤维的微观形貌和结构进行分析。实验结果表明,PVAL的含量对复合纳米纤维的形成和形貌起着决定性的作用,随着溶液中PVAL含量的增加,纺丝过程中纺丝液逐渐从不连续复合纳米纤维转变为连续均匀的复合纳米纤维,纤维直径逐渐增大,当纺丝液中WPUR与PVAL的质量比为30∶70时,得到的复合纳米纤维形貌最佳,其平均直径为330.8 nm,具有最小标准差,为22 nm,同时随着纺丝溶液中PVAL含量的增加,所得复合纳米纤维的结晶性能增强。     

溶剂对静电纺PA6纤维可纺性的影响

分别用甲酸、六氟异丙醇(HFIP)或甲酸与醋酸(HAc)、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、HFIP的混合溶剂溶解聚己内酰胺(PA6),通过静电纺丝法制备了纳米级的PA6纤维。结果表明:甲酸作为溶剂时,PA6可纺丝溶液质量分数为8%～22%,所纺出的PA6纤维直径为50～300 nm;HFIP作为溶剂时PA6可纺丝溶液质量分数为8%～18%,纤维直径为50～500 nm;甲酸与HFIP,HAc,DMF的混合溶剂对纺丝状态及纤维直径分布的影响均表现为随第2种溶剂的加入,纤维直径的分布变广,平均直径增加;HAc的加入能提高PA6溶液的可纺性。     

聚砜中空纤维超滤膜制备及性能

以聚砜(PSU)为成膜聚合物,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为成孔添加剂,二甲基乙酰胺为溶剂,采用干–湿法纺丝工艺和浸没沉淀相转化法制备了PSU中空纤维膜,研究了添加剂含量、凝固浴温度、干纺程对中空纤维膜结构与性能的影响。结果表明,随着添加剂PVP含量的增大,在PSU中空纤维膜表皮层形成贯通膜孔,皮层变薄,孔径变大,指状孔发达,水通量提高,截留率下降;凝固浴温度升高对膜水通量起到一定的抑制作用,凝固浴温度为30℃时,制得的膜具有较高的水通量和卵清蛋白截留率,以及较高的孔隙率;干纺程的大小对膜性能有重要影响,当干纺程为11 cm时,膜纯水通量为200 L/(m~2·h),截留率为90%,综合性能较好。     

Electrospin of polysulfone in N,N’-dimethyl acetamide solutions

Nanofibers of polysulfone (PSU) were prepared by electro-spinning from 10∼20 wt.% PSU solutions in N,N’-dimethyl acetamide (DMAc) mixed with 0.0∼0.1 wt.% LiCl. With increasing PSU concentration, the morphology of fibers electrospun were bead, mixture of bead-fiber and fiber, and smooth fibers when PSU concentration was 10, 12–15, and 18–20 wt.%, respectively. The bead sizes decreased and fiber diameters increased as PSU concentration was increased. The fiber diameter decreased with increases of the LiCl concentration and the distance from spinneret to collection plate. The fiber diameter also decreased with decreasing solution feeding rate. The fiber diameter distribution electrospun from 20 wt.% PSU solutions was much broader than those electrospun from 18 wt.% PSU solution. For 18 wt.% PSU solution, the average fiber diameter (AFD) decreased when the applied voltage V was increased from 7 to 12 kV. However, for 20 wt.% PSU solutions, the AFD increased when V was increased from 7 to 12 kV. The different morphology of fibers electrospun from 18 and 20 wt.% PSU solutions was attributed to the much higher viscosity of 20 wt.% PSU solution than 18 wt.% PSU solution.     

Morphology,physical, and mechanical properties of potentially applicable coelectrospun polysulfone/chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol fibrous membranes in water purification

Polysulfone (PSU) is a widely used polymer in water purification membranes. However, its hydrophobicity hinders its practical application. Herein, the wettability of PSU has been improved by producing a coelectrospun fibrous composite membrane using a hydrophilic component, chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol (CS-PVA). First, different proportions of PVA and CS solutions were mixed and electrospun to prepare CS-PVA blend fibers. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations revealed that CS-PVA blend fibers with maximum CS content can be obtained in 30:70 CS:PVA weight ratio. The optimum CS-PVA solution was subsequently used alongside PSU solution and were fed into two distinct syringes, which were then electrospun simultaneously at a constant voltage and distance of 15 kV and 15 cm, respectively. Different composite compositions of PSU/CS-PVA were achieved using different feeding rates for each solution. Based on SEM images, the prepared composite fibers were beadless. The ultimate strength of the composite mats decreased by increasing the amount of CS-PVA due to the significant difference in the fiber diameter of each component and the resulting stress concentration. However, the thermal stability of composite membranes remained almost the same as pure PSU fibers. Moreover, samples with higher CS-PVA content showed better wettability and higher water flux.     

Artificial hair filaments with improved flame retardancy

In recent decades, the flame retardancy of wigs has improved by combining polymer fibers and flame retardants. Halogen-based retardants suppress combustion through a radical trap; however, they are harmful to humans and to the environment. Thus, in this study, black wigs were prepared by polysulfone (PSU)-based fibers through melt spinning process and were compared to that prepared by poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)-based fibers. Different types and amounts of carbon black added during the melt spinning process to produce its color were also investigated to assess its effects on the manufactured wig. The flame retardancy of PSU and PET fibers was evaluated using limited oxygen index (LOI) measurement. The LOI of PET fiber was 24%, while that of PSU fiber was 29%, confirming its highly flame-retardant behavior. Based on its mechanical properties (tenacity and elongation), PSU fibers (1.5 g/den) are more suitable for artificial human hair due to its higher tenacity than PET fibers (0.8 g/den). The addition of a small amount of carbon black (<0.5 wt%) did not negatively affect the produced wig; thus, a highly flame-retardant black wig with superior mechanical properties was obtained.     

Optimizing the electrospinning conditions of polysulfone membranes for water microfiltration applications

Polysulfone (PSU) is a popular material in microfiltration applications. In this study, the preparation of PSU membranes via electrospinning technology was investigated and optimized. Solutions with three different concentrations (15, 20 and 25 wt%) of PSU in dimethylformamide were electrospun at three different feed rates (1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 mL h^?1) and voltages (12.5, 15 and 18 kV). The morphologies of the samples were studied using SEM. The results showed that the samples prepared from a 15 wt% solution concentration have beads‐on‐string morphologies. As the solution concentration is increased to 20 and 25 wt%, the beads disappear and uniform fibers with average diameters ranging from 0.876 to 2.078 μm depending on the voltage and the feed rate are obtained. The optimum electrospinning conditions for the highest wettability with minimum operating pressure were predicted to be a solution concentration of 25 wt%, a feed rate of 3.5 mL h^?1 and a voltage of 18 kV. The prediction was verified by contact angle test measurements and filtration experiments. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effects of coagulation-bath conditions on polyphenylsulfone ultrafiltration membranes

Polyphenylsulfone(PPSU)ultrafiltration membrane with different structures was prepared by non-solvent-induced phase separation.The effects of coagulation bath conditions(concentration and temper-ature)on membrane morphology,pure water flux,pore size,porosity,and contact angle were studied and discussed based on ternary-phase diagrams.Results indicated that water had stronger coagulant power than ethanol,and that the morphology of the membrane prepared from the polyphenylsulfone/1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone/H2O(PPSU/NMP/H2O)system had finger-like structures.Conversely,sponge-like struc-tures were observed for the PPSU/NMP/(NMP-H2O)and PPSU/NMP/(70NMP-EtOH-H2O)systems.Ethanol also greatly influenced on membrane structures.According to the Scanning electronic micro-scopy(SEM)image,the composition(mass fraction)of casting solution is 16％PPSU-84％NMP and the coagulation bath consisting of 70％NMP-26％H2O-4％C2H5OH.Meanwhile,the PPSU ultrafiltration mem-brane with spong-like was prepared under 8℃coagulation bath.The formation of sponge-like structure reduces the pure water flux of ppsu membrane from 488.39 L·m-2·h-1 to 36.04 L m-2·h-1.It also reduces the gas permeability,porosity,and pore size of the membrane.The addition of ethanol and NMP into the coagulation bath increases the roughness of the PPSU ultrafiltration membrane and reduces the hydrophilicity of the membrane.     

Antibacterial Silicone-Urea/Organoclay Nanocomposites

Montmorillonite modified with distearyldimethyl ammonium chloride (C18-QAC) (Nanofil-15) (NF15) was incorporated into polydimethylsiloxane-urea (silicone-urea, PSU) copolymers. PSU was obtained by the reaction of equimolar amounts of aminopropyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) oligomer (<M_n> = 3,200 g/mol) and bis(4-isocyanatohexyl)methane (HMDI). A series of PSU/NF15 nanocomposites were prepared by solution blending with organoclay loadings ranging from 0.80 to 9.60% by weight, corresponding to 0.30 to 3.60% C18-QAC. Colloidal dispersions of organophilic clay (NF15) in isopropanol were mixed with the PSU solution in isopropanol and were subjected to ultrasonic treatment. Composite films were obtained by solution casting. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed that the organoclay mainly interacted with the urea groups but not with PDMS. XRD analysis showed that nanocomposites containing up to 6.40% by weight of organoclay had fully exfoliated silicate layers in the polymer matrix, whereas 9.60% loading had an intercalated structure. Physicochemical properties of nanocomposites were determined. PSU/NF15 nanocomposites displayed excellent long-term antibacterial properties against E. coli.     

Advanced porous polyphenylsulfone membrane with ultrahigh chemical stability and selectivity for vanadium flow batteries

Porous polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) membranes are facilely prepared via the nonsolvent-induced phase separation method. The typical asymmetric structure of such prepared porous membranes can be controlled by optimizing the sulfonation degree of the sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) to 84.7% in the casting solution. Scanning electron microscopy images show that the porous membrane comprises a thin dense top skin layer, a sublayer structure with distinct long finger-like pores and the large pores in the substructure. The porous PPSU membrane was then used in vanadium flow battery (VFB). The optimized porous membrane yields an admirable performance, including excellent selectivity, chemical stability, and high columbic efficiency. Furthermore, the low cost of porous PPSU membranes indicates the promise of this technology for use in VFB applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47752.     

Synergetic toughening of poly(phenylene sulfide) by poly(phenylsulfone) and poly(ethylene-ran-methacrylate-ran-glycidyl methacrylate)

Poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) is a high-performance super-engineering plastic, but is brittle. In this study, super-tough PPS-based blends were successfully generated by melt blending PPS with poly(ethylene-ran-methacrylate-ran-glycidyl methacrylate) (EGMA) and poly(phenylsulfone) (PPSU) at (56/14/30) PPS/EGMA/PPSU composition, and their toughening mechanisms were investigated in detail. It was demonstrated the interfacial reaction between PPS and EGMA and partial miscibility between PPS and PPSU, both play important synergistic roles on the toughening. The interfacial reaction between PPS and EGMA contributes to the reduction of the PPSU domain size by the increased viscosity of the PPS matrix containing EGMA, and the increased mobility of EGMA chains by negative pressure effect. The partial miscibility between PPS and PPSU contributes to the increased interfacial adhesion between PPS and PPSU, resulting in effective propagation of the impact to the domains, and the increased mobility of not only PPSU chains but also PPS chains, causing a reduction in crystallization.     

光催化膜对水中腐植酸的去除及积垢机理

利用湿式相转化方法制备TiO₂/聚苯砜（polyphenylsulfone,PPSU）/聚醚亚硫胺（polyetherimide,PEI）催化膜应用于水中腐植酸（humic acid,HAs）的去除及积垢机理研究。结果表明,随着亲水性PEI比例增加,光催化膜的纯水通量和HAs的过滤通量越大,去除效率越低;且随着光照时间的延长去除效率越趋于稳定,且有回复的现象。在0.2MPa操作压力下,制备的TiO₂/PPSU/PEI （1%/50%/50%）膜具有最佳的可逆阻抗力比例（R_c/R_t=48.24%）;其渗透通量、HAs去除效率及反洗后通量分别为34.0L/（m²·h）、63.2%及22.5L/（m²·h）,具有较佳的通量及HAs去除效率。     

Electrospinning of uniform polystyrene fibers: The effect of solvent conductivity

By means of the electrospinning technique, micron- and nanofibers can be obtained from polymer solutions under a very high electrical field. A special challenge is to produce bead-free uniform fibers since any minor changes in the electrospinning parameters such as slight variations in the polymer solutions and/or electrospinning experimental parameters may result in significant variations in the final nanofiber morphology. Furthermore, it is often not trivial at all to obtain reproducible uniform electrospun nanofibers for the optimized electrospinning conditions. Here we report that the conductivity of the solvent is the key factor for the reproducible electrospinning of uniform polystyrene (PS) fibers from dimethylformamide (DMF) solutions. It is shown that even slight changes in the conductivity of the DMF solutions can greatly affect the morphology of the resulting electrospun PS fibers. Here, we have carried out a thorough and systematic study on the effect of solution conductivity on the electrospinning of bead-free polystyrene (PS) fibers when dimethylformamide (DMF) was used as the solvent. Interestingly, we found out that different grades of solvent as-received (DMF) from various suppliers have slightly different solution conductivities. Consequently, the polymer solutions prepared with the same PS concentration have different conductivities, which are shown to have significant changes on the morphology of the PS fibers resulting in beaded or bead-free uniform fibers when electrospun under the identical electrospinning conditions. Such as, bead-free PS fibers were obtained from PS solutions in the range of 20% (w/v) through 30% (w/v) depending on the DMF grade used. In brief, it was observed that solutions with a higher conductivity yielded bead-free fibers from lower polymer concentrations, which confirms that the solution conductivity plays a very significant role in producing bead-free uniform PS fibers.