钢轨高速探伤系统超声发射/接收装置的设计

介绍了钢轨高速探伤检测系统的工作原理 ,设计了超声发射 /接收装置电路 ,验证结果表明该装置完全可满足钢轨高速探伤的要求     

油膜厚度超声测量电路及实验

为解决工业设备中润滑油膜厚度不易测量的问题,以谐振模型和弹簧模型为理论依据,设计并制作了油膜厚度超声测量电路,其中包括脉冲发生与控制电路、超声激励电路和反射波接收电路。利用所设计的超声测量系统进行实验,完成了对油膜厚度的测量。测量结果的相对误差在5%以内,证明了所设计的测量电路和测量方法是可行的。     

基于虚拟仪器技术的超声波探伤

在描述超声波脉冲反射法探伤的工作原理的基础上,以数据采集卡PCI-9812为核心,设计了超声波收发电路、放大、检波、滤波等电路,利用LabVIEW开发了相应的软件程序,实现了超声探伤从传统仪器向虚拟仪器的转化,为大规模自动化探伤奠定了基础.     

傅里叶变换的行波型中空超声电机的系统效率

由于行波型中空超声电机的驱动信号为高压、高频信号,因此,由行波型中空超声电机及其驱动器组成的系统的各级功率与效率不容易获取,这些因素均影响到后续对行波型中空超声电机性能的研究。针对此问题,首先,通过傅里叶变换的方法对超声电机驱动信号进行处理,构建了电机及其驱动系统各级效率的计算方法;然后,通过实验获取了行波型中空超声电机及其驱动器组成的系统的效率,并进一步研究了驱动频率、驱动电压及谐振匹配点对系统效率的影响。实验表明:驱动频率越靠近谐振频率,系统总效率越高;驱动电压越大,系统总效率越高;驱动电路匹配的谐振点远远高于电机机械谐振频率,使得驱动信号频率介于电路谐振频率和机械谐振频率之间时系统的效率最高。     

激光超声技术在钢轨探伤中的应用研究

传统的钢轨高速探伤车探伤速度难以再提高.基于先进的激光超声探伤理论,提出了将激光超声技术应用到钢轨探伤,详细论述了其探伤机理,对激光超声探伤系统进行了设计.分析结果表明,激光超声探伤技术在钢轨探伤领域有较大的可行性和发展潜力.     

NiosⅡ软核在数字式超声探伤系统中的应用

阐述了一种基于NiosⅡ软核处理器技术的数字式超声探伤系统设计方案．与传统数字式超声探伤系统进行了比较。讨论了数字式超声探伤系统的工作原理及NiosⅡ软核处理器设计过程。结合SOPC灵活配置的特点,定制了硬件系统。实验表明,将微处理器模块和信号采集处理模块集成到单片FPGA上,设计出的系统集成度高、稳定性好、扩展性强。     

自动超声探伤的抗干扰研究

在自动超声探伤领域中，传统的多通道超声波探伤仪的抗干扰性能不甚理想的主要原因是其相关报警电路的抑制干扰性能较差。本文介绍了设计新颖的干扰抑制电路——符合式缺陷脉冲鉴别电路的构成与工作原理，并进一步叙述了采用该电路的ＣＴＳ－４６型六通道超声波探伤仪的抗干扰性能实验及现场测试实验。结论表明符合式缺陷脉冲鉴别电路的抗干扰性能很强，对自动探伤用多通道超声探伤仪而言，是一个很好的相关报警电路。     

细铜棒超声波自动检测系统的研制

采用基于超声探伤的原理,通过研制机械装置、控制电路、发射电路、接收电路、信号处理电路等主要部件,开发了一种速度快、功能强的铜棒超声波自动检测系统.该系统成本低廉、检测速度快、误检率低,能够满足在线检测要求.     

大负载纵弯谐振超声磨削变幅器的设计与试验

基于Mindlin中厚板理论,针对超声磨削系统中的大负载砂轮进行了纵弯谐振变幅器的设计研究。将纵弯谐振变幅器分为变幅杆、基体环盘、磨料层环盘三个部分,分别建立各部分的位移与应力函数,利用边界条件建立纵弯谐振超声磨削变幅器的频率方程。根据频率方程设计了超声磨削变幅器,通过有限元分析和超声谐振试验对所设计的变幅器进行了试验研究。试验结果证明:超声磨削变幅器的谐振频率与设计频率基本一致,实际测得的砂轮振幅曲线与有限元仿真和理论计算取得的曲线的形态基本一致,验证了超声磨削纵弯谐振变幅器设计方法的正确性,为超声磨削系统的设计提供了理论依据。     

工业超声显微镜高速信号采集系统的研制

高频检测信号的采集复原决定了工业超声显微镜检测探伤所能达到的精度。文中介绍了一种基于PCI的8位400MHz采样率高速信号采集系统的设计。其应用AD830构成的差动电路提高了系统共模噪声抑制比和信号的垂直线性;异步并行A/D转换技术采用200MHz采样率A/D转换器件,实现400MHz实时采样率;CPLD编程完成了信号滤波、数据压缩等处理,构成了超声时域信号处理NDT平台。采用该系统的工业超声显微镜可实现50MHz以内高频信号的高精度采集还原,从而满足高精度实时检测探伤的需要。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.