植物甾醇对卷烟主流烟气中PAHs的影响

运用GC-MS法研究了在卷烟烟支中分别加入胆甾醇、麦角甾醇、豆甾醇和β-谷甾醇对主流烟气中14种多环芳烃释放量的影响并探讨了甾醇类物质在卷烟燃吸时产生多环芳烃的机理。结果表明:游离甾醇的总量与主流烟气中多环芳烃的总释放量以及苯并[a]芘的释放量都呈显著正相关,而不同甾醇类物质对主流烟气中不同的多环芳烃含量的影响是有差异性的,胆甾醇显著地影响三环多环芳烃的释放量,β-谷甾醇显著地影响四环多环芳烃的释放量,豆甾醇对于四环、五环、六环多环芳烃的释放量的影响很显著,麦角甾醇对所有PAHs的释放量都有显著的影响。      

毛细管气相色谱法测定烟草中的甾醇类化合物

以丙酮为提取剂、1%硫酸的乙醇溶液和2.0 mol/L氢氧化钾的乙醇溶液分别作水解剂和皂化剂、三甲基氯硅烷和六甲基二硅胺烷作衍生化剂,采用毛细管气相色谱法测定了15种烤烟烟叶和10种商品卷烟中的胆甾醇、菜油甾醇、豆甾醇和β-谷甾醇含量。结果表明:①胆甾醇、菜油甾醇、豆甾醇和β-谷甾醇的RSD<5%,回收率在94.24%~101.22%;②在所测定的烟草样品中,不管是烤烟烟叶,还是烤烟型或混合型卷烟,均是豆甾醇和β-谷甾醇的含量较高,菜油甾醇的含量次之,胆甾醇的含量最低;③同一产地不同部位烟叶样品总甾醇的含量为下部烟>中部烟>上部烟;④混合型卷烟的总甾醇含量明显低于烤烟型;⑤同一类型的卷烟,国产卷烟的总甾醇含量较进口的低。     

微孔草种子油的三萜醇和甾醇成分

微孔草种子油中的不皂化物含量为0.6％。采用硅胶柱层析和硝酸银薄层层析方法,从不皂化物中分离出三萜醇和甾醇。已鉴定有4个三萜醇(β—香树脂醇、环阿屯醇、羽扇醇和24—次甲基环阿屯醇),11个甾醇[胆甾醇、Δ~7胆甾醇、菜油甾醇、24—甲基Δ~7—胆甾醇、β—谷甾醇、22—二氢菠菜甾醇、(?)子甾醇、豆甾醇、5,24(28)—豆甾烯醇、Δ~7—燕麦甾醇和7,24(28)—麦角二烯甾醇]。     

龙须菜多糖的热裂解及其对卷烟主流烟气中7种有害成分释放量的影响

为考察龙须菜多糖热裂解过程中香味物质的生成情况及其对卷烟主流烟气有害成分的影响,采用热裂解-气相色谱/质谱(Py-GC/MS)在模拟卷烟抽吸条件下对龙须菜多糖的热裂解产物进行了研究,并对添加龙须菜多糖的试验卷烟主流烟气中CO,HCN,NNK,NH3,B[a]P,苯酚和巴豆醛7种有害成分进行了分析.结果表明:①在所选温度300,600和900℃范围内,随着裂解温度的升高,龙须菜多糖热裂解产物的种类及其总量都呈增加趋势,产物以呋喃类、酮类、有机酸类为主,其中呋喃类化合物的总量接近30％;②龙须菜多糖对卷烟主流烟气中7种有害成分的释放量无明显影响.     

丁香酚-β-D-葡萄糖苷的合成、热裂解及其在卷烟中的应用

为了掌握丁香酚-β-D-葡萄糖苷在卷烟中的应用情况,对所合成的丁香酚-β-D-葡萄糖苷进行热失重及热裂解-气相色谱-质谱（Py-GC-MS）分析;将丁香酚-β-D-葡萄糖苷添加至卷烟中,考察其加香应用效果,采用GC-MS考察其在卷烟主流烟气中的释放行为。结果表明：(1)丁香酚-β-D-葡萄糖苷的热稳定性相比丁香酚明显提升。(2)丁香酚-β-D-葡萄糖苷在约220℃开始发生裂解,热裂解的主要产物为丁香酚,其他产物有糠醛、苯酚和2-甲氧基苯酚等。(3)添加丁香酚-β-D-葡萄糖苷的卷烟烟气能释放丁香酚,且其释放量随糖苷添加量的增加而增加,具有良好的释香稳定性和均匀性,糖苷在卷烟中应用的添加方式不同可达不同的加香效果。丁香酚-β-D-葡萄糖苷可作为一种稳定的烟用香料前体应用于卷烟加香中。     

β-紫罗兰醇葡糖苷热裂解产物及其在卷烟主流烟气中的释放行为

为了掌握β-紫罗兰醇葡糖苷在卷烟主流烟气中的释放情况,对所合成的β-紫罗兰醇葡糖苷进行了热裂解-气相色谱/质谱(Py-GC/MS)分析,并采用GC/MS考察了裂解产物中香味成分在卷烟主流烟气中的释放情况.结果表明:①β-紫罗兰醇葡糖苷热裂解能生成多种香味成分;②在卷烟燃烧过程中能够有效释放出β-紫罗兰醇、β-紫罗兰酮和巨豆三烯,同时巨豆三烯酮释放量也呈增大趋势;随着添加量的增大,特征香味成分的释放量随之增大;③裂解产物在卷烟主流烟气中的释放具有良好的稳定性和均匀性.     

加热卷烟烟草材料分段裂解分析

利用热重法(TG)及热裂解-气相色谱质谱联用(PyGC/MS)法,对典型的中心加热(A)、周向加热(B)及传统卷烟(C)烟草材料进行了热行为分析。结果表明:①两种加热卷烟烟草材料的热失重分为3个阶段,主要的热失重阶段发生在242~350℃;传统卷烟烟草材料热失重分为4个阶段,主要的失重阶段发生在381~534℃,加热卷烟烟草材料相对于传统卷烟失重峰较宽,失重速率较缓慢。②随着裂解温度升高,3种烟草材料所检测到的化合物种类、数量逐渐增加。第2阶段甘油、丙二醇有较高的释放量,卷烟样品A甘油8.96%,丙二醇5.38%;卷烟样品B甘油24.65%,丙二醇13.82%;卷烟样品C甘油25.09%,丙二醇11.23%。加热卷烟烟碱释放量随温度变化呈先减后增再减的趋势,释放量在第1阶段达到峰值,A:84.50%,B:91.82%,传统卷烟烟碱释放量呈逐级递减的趋势,释放量在第1阶段达到峰值,71.41%。③加热卷烟主要裂解产物释放量于第1阶段达到峰值,传统卷烟于第2阶段达到峰值。两种不同的加热卷烟致香成分在第3和第4阶段均有较高的释放量且稳定。     

甾醇生理特性及其应用

<正> 一、概述甾醇因其呈固态又俗称固醇,如胆固醇、谷固醇等。天然甾醇种类繁多,现已鉴别出的有近160种。分布很广,在各种生物体中几乎都有甾醇。早年根据来源不同,把甾醇分为植物甾醇、动物甾醇和菌类甾醇三大类。植物甾醇主要有谷甾醇、菜油甾醇和豆甾醇,其他还包括燕麦甾醇、菠菜甾醇、钝叶大戟甾醇、芦竹甾醇、环木菠萝烯醇和24—亚甲基环木菠萝醇等。动物甾醇主要有胆甾醇。菌类甾醇主要有麦角甾醇。(24种常见甾醇的结构图和中英名称对照及其性质请参见文献2。)然而近代分析表明,动物甾醇的主要代表胆甾醇在植物的根、茎、叶、花和种子中也普     

加热不燃烧卷烟烟草材料的热分析研究

利用热重/差示扫描量热法和热裂解分析研究了空气氛围下典型电加热和炭加热新型卷烟烟草材料热行为。结果表明:①两种典型的加热不燃烧卷烟烟草材料的热失重都分为四个阶段,碳加热型卷烟A主失重阶段发生在133-270℃,电加热型卷烟B主失重阶段发生在232-347℃;②两种烟草材料在前两个阶段失重量均要明显高于传统卷烟,主要是相对高比例的料香及烟雾生成剂的使用及较高的含水量;③两种典型的烟草材料在350℃热裂解,主要检出物质均为甘油、丙二醇和烟碱,其他主要物质还有乙酸、酮、醛和长链烷烃。      

甾醇分子差异对脂质体结构稳定性的影响

通过添加胆固醇、β-谷甾醇和豆甾醇,采用乙醇注入法结合动态高压微流射技术制备甾醇脂质体,研究不同甾醇对脂质体膜结构稳定性的影响。结果表明：β-谷甾醇和豆甾醇的加入,使甾醇脂质体粒径从(48.35±0.41)nm分别增至(106.27±0.90)nm和(107.27±0.59)nm, Zeta电位保持不变,均在-30 mV左右;电子显微镜观察发现,添加甾醇的脂质体形成了稳定的磷脂双分子层结构;甾醇可以使脂质体的盐稳定性和pH稳定性增强,但对温度稳定性无显著影响;β-谷甾醇和豆甾醇的加入使脂质体膜的流动性、疏水性和微极性都显著减小,这表明脂质体磷脂双分子膜的结构变得更加致密。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press