接装纸打孔参数对卷烟烟气焦油及7种有害成分释放量影响的PLS回归分析

为了研究接装纸打孔参数对卷烟烟气的影响,制备了不同打孔参数的接装纸,并测试了卷烟烟气焦油和有害成分的释放量,采用偏最小二乘回归(PLS)法分析了接装纸打孔参数对烟气焦油和7种有害成分(CO、HCN、NH_3、NNK、B[a]P、苯酚、巴豆醛)释放量的影响。结果表明:1随着不同打孔参数接装纸卷烟滤嘴通风率的增加,烟气中焦油和7种有害成分的释放量降低;2接装纸打孔面积对烟气焦油和7种有害成分释放量的影响最大;3打孔面积、孔数、孔排数、孔带宽度与烟气焦油和7种有害成分的释放量负相关;相同通风率时,孔径与烟气焦油及CO、HCN、NH_3、B[a]P、苯酚、巴豆醛的释放量正相关。     

辅助材料设计参数对卷烟7种烟气有害成分释放量的影响

为考察辅助材料设计参数对卷烟7种烟气有害成分释放量的影响,采用单因素影响设计法制备了40种试验卷烟,考察了卷烟纸透气度、卷烟纸定量、滤棒吸阻、接装纸透气度、成型纸透气度和滤嘴通风度对这些卷烟主流烟气CO、氢氰酸、NNK、氨、苯并[a]芘、苯酚、巴豆醛释放量的影响。结果表明:①卷烟纸定量对苯酚和CO的释放量有显著的影响,随着卷烟纸定量的增加,苯酚释放量下降,CO量增加;②卷烟纸透气度与HCN,NH3,BaP,CO和苯酚释放量有显著的负相关关系,影响大小依次为HCN>NH3>BaP≈CO>苯酚;③滤棒吸阻与NNK,NH3,HCN,苯酚,BaP和CO释放量有显著的负相关关系,影响大小依次为苯酚>NH3>NNK>HCN>BaP>CO;④滤棒成型纸透气度和接装纸透气度对CO,NNK,NH3,HCN,巴豆醛,苯酚和BaP释放量均有一定的影响,但成型纸透气度的影响较小,接装纸透气度的影响较明显。随着接装纸透气度的增大,成型纸透气度对有害成分释放量的影响程度增大;⑤滤嘴通风度与CO,NH3,HCN,巴豆醛,苯酚和BaP有显著的负相关关系,其影响大小依次为HCN>CO>巴豆醛>NH3>苯酚>BaP。辅助材料设计参数对卷烟7种烟气有害成分有一定的影响。     

通风稀释对卷烟燃烧温度及主流烟气中主要有害成分释放量的影响

为降低卷烟危害性,考察了卷烟纸、接装纸、成型纸透气度对卷烟燃烧温度和卷烟主流烟气中7种有害成分(CO,HCN,NNK,NH3,B[a]P,苯酚和巴豆醛)及焦油释放量的影响,并研究了卷烟总通风率对主流烟气中7种有害成分释放量及卷烟危害性指数的影响规律.结果表明:①随着卷烟纸和接装纸透气度的增加,卷烟燃烧温度升高,卷烟主流烟气中除NNK外其他6种有害成分的释放量、焦油量及危害性指数均降低;②成型纸透气度的变化对卷烟燃烧温度及烟气有害成分释放量的影响不规律;③卷烟总通风率增加,卷烟主流烟气中多数有害成分释放量、焦油量及危害性指数有不同程度的降低.适当增加卷烟纸、接装纸的透气度,提高卷烟总通风率,可在一定程度上调控卷烟燃烧温度,降低卷烟烟气中有害成分释放量,从而降低卷烟的危害性指数.     

接装纸透气度和滤棒吸阻对卷烟烟气细胞毒性的影响

采用中性红细胞毒性试验测试了不同透气度接装纸卷烟和不同吸阻滤棒卷烟烟气冷凝物的细胞毒性,并初步分析了卷烟烟气的细胞毒性指标与CO,NNK,NH3,HCN,B[a]P,巴豆醛和苯酚释放量之间的相关性.结果表明:①随着接装纸透气度的增大,卷烟烟气冷凝物的细胞毒性呈降低趋势;细胞毒性指标与CO,NNK,NH3,HCN,B[a]P,巴豆醛和苯酚的释放量之间具有一定的相关性;②随着滤棒吸阻的增大,卷烟烟气冷凝物的细胞毒性呈降低趋势;细胞毒性指标与NH3,HCN,B[a]P和苯酚的释放量之间具有一定的相关性.     

自透接装纸对降焦减害及感官质量的影响

滤嘴通风技术是目前国际上应用较为普遍的降焦手段之一,因其技术较为简便,且降焦效果明显而被广泛使用。目前主要是通过使用激光打孔接装纸,辅以高透成形纸的通风滤嘴实现。用自然透气度的接装纸代替打孔接装纸,可以免去打孔工序。将不同透气度的自透接装纸卷制成香烟样品,分析样品的主流烟气中有害物质的释放量、通风率、通风率变异系数,并对卷烟感官进行了评吸。在同等条件下与激光打孔烟用接装纸对进行对比,结果表明:在相同透气度的情况下,自透接装纸样品的一些有害成分如烟碱、焦油、巴豆醛、CO等的释放量更低,通风率变异系数均值为5.84%,低于打孔接装纸样品(6.67%)。当透气度低于160CU时,自透接装纸样品烟香更丰满、细腻、谐调,余味更纯净舒适。     

辅助材料设计参数对卷烟7种烟气有害成分释放量及其危害性指数的影响

为研究辅助材料设计参数对卷烟7种烟气有害成分(CO,HCN,NNK,NH3,B[a]P,苯酚和巴豆醛)释放量及其危害性指数的影响,考察了卷烟纸助燃剂含量、卷烟纸助燃剂类型、卷烟纸亚麻配比、卷烟纸定量、卷烟纸透气度、滤棒吸阻和滤嘴(不同透气度接装纸和成型纸组合制备)通风率对这7种有害成分及其危害性指数的单因素影响规律,建立了基于卷烟纸定量、卷烟纸透气度、成型纸透气度、接装纸透气度和滤棒吸阻的有害成分释放量预测模型,并对预测模型分别进行了外部验证。结果表明:①随着卷烟纸助燃剂含量、卷烟纸透气度、卷烟纸定量、滤棒吸阻和滤棒通风率的增大,大多数有害成分释放量及危害性指数呈下降趋势;随着卷烟纸亚麻配比和助燃剂钠钾比的增大,有害成分释放量及其危害性指数呈上升趋势。②辅材模型具有良好的预测能力,10个验证样品的7种烟气有害成分释放量预测值与测定值相对偏差均低于15%。③增加卷烟纸定量、滤棒吸阻或降低接装纸透气度,可降低单位焦油中HCN,NNK,NH3,B[a]P,苯酚和巴豆醛的释放量。     

国内外不同品牌卷烟样品危害性指数比较

为开发低危害卷烟,测定了国内外30个不同品牌卷烟样品卷烟纸和接装纸的透气度、滤嘴长度、烟丝结构、烟气焦油及7种烟气有害成分,即CO,HCN,NH3,NNK,苯并[a]芘(BaP),苯酚,巴豆醛的释放量,计算其危害性指数,比较了不同类型卷烟烟气危害性指数的差异。结果表明:国产卷烟样品的危害性指数低于进口卷烟样品;混合型卷烟样品的危害性指数高于烤烟型卷烟样品;国产混合型卷烟样品的危害性指数略低于进口烤烟型卷烟样品;再造烟叶、晾晒烟叶的使用比例对卷烟危害性指数有较大影响。     

烟叶部位、产地与卷烟主流烟气7种有害成分释放量关系研究

为研究烟叶不同部位、产地对卷烟主流烟气中7种有害成分释放量的影响,分析了5个国内产地的烤烟型单料烟的上部、中部、下部样本。结果表明烟叶部位与主流烟气中7种有害成分释放量总体上的关系为:氢氰酸(HCN)、苯酚、氨(NH3)、焦油、危害性指数呈上部>中部>下部;巴豆醛为上部<中部<下部;中部烟叶N-亚硝胺(NNK)的释放量较低,一氧化碳(CO)释放量较高;苯并芘(BaP)释放量变化规律性不强。烟叶不同部位与卷烟主流烟气中单位焦油有害成分释放量的关系为:CO、HCN、苯酚、巴豆醛、NH3、BaP呈上部<中部<下部变化趋势;NNK、危害性指数有一致规律,均为中部烟叶较低。     

卷烟纸对卷烟主流烟气中7种有害成分释放量的影响

为降低吸烟对人体健康的危害,考察了卷烟纸透气度、定量和助剂对主流烟气中CO等7种有害成分的影响。结果表明:①随着卷烟纸透气度的增加,卷烟主流烟气中CO,HCN,B[a]P,NH3,苯酚和卷烟危害性指数都呈降低趋势,而NNK和巴豆醛的变化不明显;②随着卷烟纸定量的增大,卷烟主流烟气中CO,HCN的释放量和卷烟危害性指数呈增大趋势,而巴豆醛,B[a]P,NNK,NH3和苯酚随卷烟纸定量的变化不显著;③不管是有机酸钾,还是有机酸钾与有机酸钠的混合物,随着其在卷烟纸中的用量增大,烟气CO,HCN,B[a]P,NH3,苯酚释放量和卷烟危害性指数也都呈降低趋势,但降低幅度都不大,NNK和巴豆醛的释放量变化不明显;④有机酸钾盐降低CO,HCN,B[a]P,NH3,苯酚释放量和卷烟危害性指数的效果优于有机酸钾钠盐混合物。适当增大卷烟纸透气度,降低卷烟纸定量,提高有机酸钾盐的用量可在一定程度上降低卷烟主流烟气中CO,HCN,B[a]P,NH3,苯酚释放量和卷烟危害性指数。     

切丝宽度对卷烟主流烟气7种Hoffmann成分释放量的影响

为研究切丝宽度对卷烟主流烟气中7种Hoffmann成分释放量（CO,NNK,NH3,HCN,BaP,巴豆醛,苯酚）的影响,通过改变切丝宽度,测定卷烟主流烟气中7种Hoffmann成分的释放量．结果表明：在考察的切丝宽度范围内,随着切丝宽度的增加,烟气中CO,HCN和苯酚逐渐下降,NH,逐步上升,NNK和BaP先上升后下降,而巴豆醛和卷烟危害性指数保持不变;降低切丝宽度有利于选择性降低烟气中的NH3、BaP和巴豆醛,提高切丝宽度有利于选择性降低烟气中CO,HCN和苯酚．兼顾卷烟品质和卷烟减害,最佳切丝宽度为0．95mm．     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press     

INFOPRINT 2014 was Successfully Held in Dongguan

Sponsored by Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China （PEIAC） and organized by Print China magazine, the Seventeenth Beijing International Printing Information Conference （INFOPRINT 2014） was successfully held on 11th Dec. 2014 at Dongguan Exhibition International Hotel.