基于TDC-GP21高精度三维测风系统设计

针对快速准确测量风速和风向的问题,采用TDC-GP21高精度时间测量芯片和MSP430F413单片机控制芯片,设计了三维超声波测风系统。利用三对超声波换能器构成三维阵列,采用时差法测量风速和风向。该文介绍了三维超声波测风系统总体结构,超声波驱动电路和超声波接收电路以及风速和风向测量的软件流程。     

超低功耗、高精度矿用超声波气体流量计系统研究

针对传统超声波流量计测量精度低、功耗偏高等问题,对流量测量原理、低压驱动换能器、信号接收发送、系统功耗等方面进行了研究,提出了基于时差法的测量电路、前端激励信号驱动放大电路以及后端信号处理电路的具体实现方案,同时归纳了流量测量精度和系统功耗的影响因素,提出了相应针对措施,设计了一种以超低功耗单片机EFM32和高精度时间测量芯片TDC-GP22为核心元件的新型超声波流量计,利用流量标定装置对该新型超声波流量计进行了标定实验。研究结果表明,该新型超声波流量计能实时采集气体流量、浓度、气压和温度等参数,且测量精度较高、功耗极低,有一定的实际推广应用价值。     

电压与增益联合调节的超声波流量计研制

超声波流量计作为无阻碍式的流量测量仪器,被广泛应用于供水、石油、化工以及电力等工业场合,超声波换能器驱动电路直接影响着超声波发射功率和接收信号。文中首先介绍了超声波流量计换能器驱动电压和回波信号增益可联合调节的设计方案,其次描述了该方案实现的硬件电路原理及软件控制流程,最后通过试验证明通过对换能器驱动电压及回波增益的联合调节,超声波流量计可在不同工况下采用不同驱动电压和回波增益,有效增加换能器驱动功率,保证回波信号的幅值大小,提高其信噪比,对减小超声波流量计的测量盲区、增加测量距离、提高测量精度与稳定性等方面均有重要作用。     

基于AD9850超声换能器的驱动和接收电路设计

为了提高超声检测在海底声学测量中的测量精度,利用DDS芯片AD9850作为高精度信号源,并设计了超生换能器的驱动和接收电路。采用分频移相、光电隔离、功率放大的和阻抗匹配的方法对换能器进行驱动;用电荷放大器和带通滤波器对接收信号进行处理。实验结果表明,电路性能良好,满足测量要求。     

基于TDC-GP2的超声波气体流量计的研制

针对传统型超声波气体流量计精度不高的弱点,提出一种基于TDC-GP2时间芯片测量的系统设计,采用时差法测量原理,选用大口径晶片(直径15 mm)的超声波换能器,采用单一正电源供电的设计思路,基于中点电压法设计同相放大电路获取初级超声波信号,基于反相放大器的自动增益控制(AGC)电路实现信号幅度的恒定,设计了二阶带通滤波器电路用于放大电路产生噪声的滤除,设计了阈值可变的比较电路从而准确产生了用于计时的方波,并控制时间芯片TDC-GP2实现了时间差的精确测量。对整个硬件系统进行了测试,结果显示超声波气体流量计的精度达到1级。     

基于时差法的高精度超声波风速风向测量系统

针对风速风向对悬索桥的安全性影响,为了实现对悬索桥风速风向的精确监测,设计了基于时差法的高精度超声波风速风向测量系统.系统采用STM32为控制单元,超声波换能器为敏感单元,实现发送和接收超声波信号,MS1022高精度时间测量模块为测试单元,实现超声波飞行时间的计量,LoRa无线模块为数据传输单元,实现风速风向数据上传至...     

超声波多普勒流量计的设计

针对传统的超声波多普勒流量计存在的精度低、稳定度差、动态响应慢的问题,研制了一种新型的超声波多普勒流量计。硬件部分主要设计了超声波换能器的发射与接收电路、功率放大与滤波电路、混频电路以及STM32F4及其外围器件。采用STM32F4作为超声波多普勒流量计的主控芯片,STM32F4采用Cortex-M4内核,其内置硬件FPU单元,在数字信号处理方面还增加了DSP指令集,使得它在数字信号处理方面的能力得到大大的提升。在硬件电路中选用高精度的DDS芯片产生基准信号来驱动超声波换能器。在频移信号处理方面,采用中频解调技术将频移信号解调到10 k Hz,提高了系统测量的稳定度以及对流速变化的响应速度。运用快速傅里叶变换算法(FFT)对STM32F4采集到的频移信号进行频谱分析,有效地提高了超声波流量测量系统的精度,并以matlab为分析工具对采集到的多普勒频移信号进行频谱分析,从而得到其频率的变化。     

基于物联网的高精度超声波气体流量监测系统设计

针对工业现场超声波流量计要求较高精度,简化现场布线,对安装现场进行监控预警又要远距离传输数据的需求,设计了一种基于物联网MQTT协议和ESP8266芯片的高精度超声波气体监控系统。使用DHT22测量温湿度、MQ-4测量甲烷浓度。为提高超声波流量计的精度,使用Z式探头安装法与MAX35104高精度气体测量芯片。采用STM32F103ZET6作为主控MCU,实现对外围电路的控制及数据处理。为实现远程控制与无线传输数据,采用ESP8266芯片通过网络传输数据。实验证明,该系统实现了测量现场的布线简化、危险环境监控和远程数据传输,可以进行气体流量测量,成本较低,可靠性高。     

基于TDC-GP2的超声波热量表

介绍了基于高精度时间测量芯片TDC-GP2的超声波式热量表的具体设计.讨论了热量计量、流量测量、温度测量原理和热量表的设计方法.热量表中热水流量采用超声波时差法原理进行测量,超声波换能器为V型安装方式,有效地解决了管道堵塞问题.利用微控制器的休眠模式和超声波处理电路间隔供电等方法,大幅降低了仪表系统的功耗.     

一种新型超声波流量传感器

介绍了以AT89C52单片机为核心,以CD4049串并联组合及超声波发射换能器TCT40-10F1构成超声波发射电路,以CX20106A红外集成电路为核心构成超声波接收电路,采用C语言编程的超声波测流量系统。系统由电源、超声波发射装置、超声波接收装置、键盘输入、流量显示、报警装置、通信设备等组成。采用了速差法测流量的原理,从而消除了温度对测量结果的影响。同时采用一发一收双传感器的测量方案,降低了传感器盲区对测量精度的影响,提高了超声波测量的精度和可靠性。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.