H.264编码模式选择的研究

研究H.264的编码模式选择方案,根据视频序列的时域相关性和空域相关性的关系,模式选择包括帧内预测和帧间预测,帧间预测基于率失真函数,在一帧图像的编码中则可以采用提前终止预测方向的方法降低编码器端的复杂度.     

H.264帧内预测与帧间块模式选择快速算法

针对H.264帧间预测时的多子块模式选择和帧内预测的多模式选择问题,提出了一种实用的基于统计门限的模式快速选择算法,通过门限设定有效限定了编码模式的选择范围.多组视频序列的实验结果表明,基于统计门限的帧内预测模式选择算法在Ⅰ帧的PSNR值有微小变化的情况下,大大降低了编码时间,Ⅰ帧的编码时间降低17%～23%,PSNR下降不到0.4%.基于统计门限的帧间块模式选择算法使得平均PSNR值下降了0.047dB(PSNR最大下降不到1%),但是相对全模式预测时,编码器速度提高了20%～30%.     

帧内预测模式快速选择方法研究

H．264标准中的帧内预测方法在很大程度上提高了帧内编码的效率,但同时也增加了编码复杂度。对其中运算量很大的预测模式选择策略和几种改进方法进行了分析,提出了一种自适应的快速预测模式选择方法。该方法主要基于最可能预测模式的自适应阈值和预测模式的选择计算。实验表明,该方法在基本保持了帧内压缩效率的同时,提高了编码的时间效率,而且能够较好支持SIMD指令,有利于汇编指令优化。     

H.264/AVC编码器算法优化分析

H.264/AVC是JVT(联合视频组)和MPEG(活动图像编码专家组)联合提出的具有更高压缩效率的视频编码标准,主要分析本编码器主要采用的快速算法有:帧内模式快速选择算法、帧间模式快速选择算法、快速运动搜索算法等内容,对于进一步深化设计H.264/AVC编码器具有一定帮助。     

一种基于预测模式的H.264/AVC视频信息隐藏改进算法

提出了一种基于帧内预测模式调制的H.264/AVC视频信息改进隐藏算法.选择参考像素亮度值接近的帧内4×4块,通过对预测模式值进行调制以实现隐秘信息的嵌入,而预测模式调制过程是将最优预测模式变为满足嵌入条件的具有率失真开销最小的预测模式,以尽量减小预测模式的改变对视频客观质量的影响.信息的提取过程不需要原始载体视频,也...     

基于编码模式的H.264/AVC视频信息隐藏算法

本文提出一种基于编码模式的H.264/AVC信息隐藏方法,通过调制某些宏块的编码模式,分别在Ⅰ帧、P帧和B帧中嵌入隐秘信息.对帧内4x4预测模式的宏块,是通过调整宏块中某个4×4块的编码模式嵌入隐秘信息;对P帧和B帧其它类型的宏块,则是通过调整宏块的编码模式嵌入隐秘信息,模式调整后对宏块做了优化处理.在模式调制过程中引入率失真代价,取得了较好的率失真平衡,减小了隐秘信息嵌入后对视频质量和视频码流的影响.该算法可以实现隐秘信息的快速提取,满足视频实时处理的要求,实验仿真结果证明了该算法的有效性.     

一种降低外存访问带宽占有率的无损压缩算法

高清、超高清视频编解码芯片结构设计中,原始图像帧和解码图像参考帧都存在外部存储器,外存访问带宽是系统设计的一大难题.通过图像压缩编码技术来降低图像冗余度,从而减小图像的存储容量和传输带宽.针对这一问题,提出了一种改进型无损图像压缩算法.与已有无损压缩算法相比,改进后算法以宏块为预测编码的基本单元,支持宏块随机访问;首先在预测部分加入块级预测与分层预测的自适应选择;然后在编码部分融入两种预测模式的半定长变长编码.实验结果表明,可降低带宽约50%.     

基于Cauchy分布的H.264优化比特分配及码率控制算法

为了提高图像质量和码率控制精度,提出了一种H.264优化比特分配及码率控制算法.该算法首先基于Cauchy分布得出简化的宏块层码率模型,并引入复杂度系数MAD和头信息比特率,使码率模型可随视频内容复杂伸缩;同时采用线性模型对失真度进行预测,通过Lagrange率失真优化来选择每个宏块的量化参数,最小化整帧的失真度以实现宏块层的优化比特分配.实验结果表明,该算法能在降低比特数估计偏差、更好地跟踪目标码率的情况下,获得更好的PSNR性能.     

一种基于视觉感知的H.264码率控制算法

针对目前视频编码标准H.264的码率控制算法未考虑人眼视觉感知、易导致编码后视频图像质量波动的不足,提出了一种基于视觉感知的H.264码率控制算法.首先,设计了像素域的恰可察觉失真模型.在此基础上,根据各帧的恰可察觉失真的大小进行帧层比特分配.其次,建立了基于结构相似度的率失真模型,并采用此模型设计了基本单元层（basic unit,BU）的比特分配方案.最后结合二次速率-量化模型得到量化参数.实验结果表明,该算法与目前H.264中典型的码率控制算法相比,错误率降低了0.2％.     

降低分辨率的MPEG2到H.264快速转码算法研究

H.264编码多应用于移动设备以及移动设备要求低分辨率视频的特性,要求在MPEG2向H.264转码的过程中,在保持高效率的同时对视频降低分辨率。在MPEG2到H.264的转码过程进行分析基础上,提出一种可以降低视频分辨率的快速转码算法。通过利用决策树仅对一个视频块进行运动估计的方法,提高降低分辨率后转码的效率。能够在大幅度降低计算复杂度的同时,实现从MPEG2到H.264的降低分辨率转换。实验结果表明,在基本保持图像质量的基础上,转码的时间缩短近60%。     

Fast intra prediction mode decision for H.264/AVC video coding

Abstract

Intra coding is used for reducing the spatial redundancy in video coding. H.264 supports several macroblocks of predictions for intra coding such as luma block four 16×16 modes, nine 4×4 modes and chroma block four modes, which significantly improve intra coding efficiency, but increase the encoding complexity. In order to select the best mode, we need to calculate the cost of the various modes. In this paper, a fast intra prediction mode decision for H.264/AVC video coding is proposed. Based on Laplacian, this intra prediction mode decision detects edges and selects the best mode for the block. This mode decision can shorten the time to reduce the encoding time. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves an encoding time saving of 70% on average.     

A fast distance-based mode decision algorithm for 4×4 blocks in H.264/AVC intra prediction

H.264/AVC employs rate-distortion optimisation technique to achieve high coding efficiency, but it is computing-intensive. This letter presents a fast distance-based mode decision algorithm for 4×4 blocks in H.264/AVC intra prediction. Firstly, the distance between neighbouring blocks of the current block is defined. Then, the modes around up and left modes are selected as the candidate modes if the distance is small, otherwise early termination technique is used to further reduce the complexity, and either four or more modes are chosen based on the difference of rate-distortion optimisation cost. Experimental results show that our proposed algorithm can predict a 4×4 intra block by only about 3·52 modes and reduce the total encoding time by about 31·37% with negligible peak signal-to-noise ratio decrement and bit rate increment.     

Intra mode decision and frame layer Lagrange multiplier adjustment scheme for H.264 based on structural similarity

H.264 takes rate distortion optimisation (RDO) technique to perform intra and inter mode decision and achieves higher coding efficiency, but the objective distortion metric such as mean square error (MSE) is employed in traditional RDO framework, which cannot acquire optimal subjective quality. In this paper, structural similarity (SSIM)-based subjective distortion is applied to RDO-based intra mode decision in H.264 I frame video coding, and a linear SSIM distortion model is firstly proposed and SSIM-based rate distortion cost function for intra mode decision is defined. Furthermore, a content adaptive frame layer Lagrange multiplier adjustment scheme is proposed to balance the tradeoff between rate and SSIM distortion better. Experimental results show that, the proposed method encodes image structural information more effectively and thus acquires better perceptual quality and subjective RDO performance compared with objective distortion-based RDO method. Under the same perceptual quality, our scheme achieves about 8·03% I frame bit rate reduction on average for various sequences over MSE-based RDO employed in JM reference software.     

Fast mode decision based on systematic deployment of predictive resources for H.264/AVC

Abstract

This paper presents a well organised fast mode decision scheme for H.264/AVC that systematically integrates and deploys applicable predictive resources using constructive compromise. This scheme is constructed by primary SKIP mode checking, spatial prior temporal hard decision (STHD), and succinct mode decision (SMD). The STHD is connected with the predictive macroblocks searched. In STHD, only when spatial hard decision fails, temporal hard decision is performed using the potential partition characteristic vector (PPCV) addressed. If it fails, too, then SMD takes care of mode checking also using PPCV. The SMD consists of succinct P16?×?16 mode decision and succinct geometric/statistical extension examination, which are formed as an effective two-stage judgment. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method by systematically deploying the predictive resources can achieve 58–74% runtime savings in encoding QCIF, CIF and high definition videos with low performance losses. In addition, most processes of the proposed scheme could be implemented on logical operations, only.     

A no reference quality metric to measure the blocking artefacts for video sequences

The need to measure video quality arises in the development of video equipment and in the delivery and storage of video and image information. In this paper, we propose a new perceptually significant video quality metric to estimate the effect of block coding for standards H.264 AVC and MPEG2. Our method operates in the spatial domain and does not require a high complexity of computation. We evaluate the performance of the proposed method by using three sequences CIF ‘common intermediate file’ with different compression rate. We compare it with Suthaharan’s and MSU’s techniques by using ‘LIVE’ and ‘IVP’ databases. Results indicate that the proposed method outperforms Suthaharan’s and MSU techniques in H264 coder. They also indicate that our method is more effective than MSU’s and Suthaharan’s techniques for the H.264 AVC standards with the Spearman Rank Order Correlation Coefficient.     

一种快速实现H.264运动估计的方法

本文提出一种快速实现H.264运动估计的算法。该算法利用视频图像中存在大量空/时域冗余这一特点,在运动估计过程中引入预判空间相关性和时域稳定性的方法,节省了大量不必要的计算步骤。试验结果表明,该算法运动估计时间仅为JM84的30.3%,峰值信噪比(PSNR)仅降低1.1%,码率平均增加3.95%。     

自适应六边形-菱形运动估计算法及其在H.264中应用

运动估计是视频图像编码中运算量很大的部分,也是影响系统实时性能的瓶颈。为了减少图像编码的运算量,文章介绍和分析了用于视频编码标准H.264的基于六边形的搜索算法(HS),在此基础上根据H.264多模式的运动估计提出自适应六边形-菱形整像素算法,它体现了粗定位和准确定位的并行处理思想,仿真结果表明在获得与HS快速算法相当的图像质量和信噪比的情况下,可提高H.264视频编码的速度和效率。     

Intra mode selection in downsizing video transcoder based on H.264

An intra mode selection scheme is proposed in this work, which supports both downsizing transcoding and re‐quantization transcoding simultaneously. In the proposal, a total number of nonzero coefficients in precoded frame is used as criterion and a thresholding method is applied to select intra macroblock mode in re‐encoder. To calculate this threshold, which is related to re‐quantization parameter (denoted as Q_r), we propose a Th_I‐Q_r model which includes direct method and percentage I16MB method. In the former, an exponent model is proposed to describe relationship between the threshold and the Q_r; while in the latter, the threshold Th_I is converted into percentage of macroblocks with I16MB mode in the downsized frame (denoted as per_16), and relationship between the per_16 and the Q_r is also modeled as an exponent function. Then the two exponent models are all converted into linear regression model, and least square estimation is used to estimate the parameters of the models. Furthermore, if I4MB mode is selected for one macroblock, the intra prediction modes in precoded frame are utilized to select prediction mode for every 4 × 4 block of the macroblock in downsized frame to reduce computational complexity. We compared rate distortion performance and computational complexity of the proposed method with rate‐distortion optimization method. Simulation results demonstrate that on the precondition of compression performance of the proposal being close to the results of the rate‐distortion optimization method, the proposed method can save up to 30 and 80% in total encoding time and mode decision time, respectively. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 19, 340–349, 2009