H.264帧内预测与帧间块模式选择快速算法

针对H.264帧间预测时的多子块模式选择和帧内预测的多模式选择问题,提出了一种实用的基于统计门限的模式快速选择算法,通过门限设定有效限定了编码模式的选择范围.多组视频序列的实验结果表明,基于统计门限的帧内预测模式选择算法在Ⅰ帧的PSNR值有微小变化的情况下,大大降低了编码时间,Ⅰ帧的编码时间降低17%～23%,PSNR下降不到0.4%.基于统计门限的帧间块模式选择算法使得平均PSNR值下降了0.047dB(PSNR最大下降不到1%),但是相对全模式预测时,编码器速度提高了20%～30%.     

AVS视频编码标准的帧间预测算法研究

介绍AVS视频编码标准的帧间预测技术特点,对帧间预测算法进行分析和研究,为视频帧间编码提供理论依据。     

H.264编码模式选择的研究

研究H.264的编码模式选择方案,根据视频序列的时域相关性和空域相关性的关系,模式选择包括帧内预测和帧间预测,帧间预测基于率失真函数,在一帧图像的编码中则可以采用提前终止预测方向的方法降低编码器端的复杂度.     

基于编码模式的H.264/AVC视频信息隐藏算法

本文提出一种基于编码模式的H.264/AVC信息隐藏方法,通过调制某些宏块的编码模式,分别在Ⅰ帧、P帧和B帧中嵌入隐秘信息.对帧内4x4预测模式的宏块,是通过调整宏块中某个4×4块的编码模式嵌入隐秘信息;对P帧和B帧其它类型的宏块,则是通过调整宏块的编码模式嵌入隐秘信息,模式调整后对宏块做了优化处理.在模式调制过程中引入率失真代价,取得了较好的率失真平衡,减小了隐秘信息嵌入后对视频质量和视频码流的影响.该算法可以实现隐秘信息的快速提取,满足视频实时处理的要求,实验仿真结果证明了该算法的有效性.     

基于帧间差分和运动估计的Camshift目标跟踪算法

针对Camshift算法无法适应目标的高速运动、复杂背景和遮挡的局限性,本文提出结合帧间差分法和运动估计对Camshift算法进行改进.首先在颜色概率分布图计算中通过帧间差分法加入目标运动信息,实现自动初始化跟踪并排除与目标相似背景颜色的干扰.之后在搜索窗传递过程中预测目标的位置,根据跟踪状态对搜索窗进行调整,以实现对高速运动目标的跟踪.实验表明新算法在目标高速运动、遮挡、和同色干扰情况下,仍能进行有效跟踪.     

帧内预测模式快速选择方法研究

H．264标准中的帧内预测方法在很大程度上提高了帧内编码的效率,但同时也增加了编码复杂度。对其中运算量很大的预测模式选择策略和几种改进方法进行了分析,提出了一种自适应的快速预测模式选择方法。该方法主要基于最可能预测模式的自适应阈值和预测模式的选择计算。实验表明,该方法在基本保持了帧内压缩效率的同时,提高了编码的时间效率,而且能够较好支持SIMD指令,有利于汇编指令优化。     

最优扫描下新预测模式的帧内预测算法

提出了一种最优扫描下新预测模式的帧内预测算法.首先利用边缘相关性选取最优的扫描方式,然后通过边缘方向估计和统计概率的联合预处理方法缩减单向预测模式的数量,并通过加权内插模型和哈达马变换值(SATD)确定双向预测模式,最后采用最优扫描方式下所选的预测模式进行编码.仿真结果表明,与双扫描双参考帧内预测(DSM_BIP)算法...     

基于帧间差分的运动目标检测

本文在介绍了运动目标检测方法的基础上,阐述了帧间差分法的原理,优缺点,并利用帧差法来实现运动目标的检测。实验表明,本文所述方法对于运动快且形状较大的运动目标,在运动图像检测中有良好的效果。     

一种基于预测模式的H.264/AVC视频信息隐藏改进算法

提出了一种基于帧内预测模式调制的H.264/AVC视频信息改进隐藏算法.选择参考像素亮度值接近的帧内4×4块,通过对预测模式值进行调制以实现隐秘信息的嵌入,而预测模式调制过程是将最优预测模式变为满足嵌入条件的具有率失真开销最小的预测模式,以尽量减小预测模式的改变对视频客观质量的影响.信息的提取过程不需要原始载体视频,也...     

一种基于差错估计的H.264视频容错算法

针对最新的视频编码标准H．264,设计了一种基于差错估计的容错算法。该算法结合信道条件,估计差错在视频编码帧之间的扩散;根据每个宏块差错的程度,自适应地判断是否对该宏块进行帧内编码,从而抑制差错的积累。在存在反向信道的环境中,该算法可以利用解码器反馈的实际宏块错误信息,跟踪差错扩散,对其进行更准确的估计,以提高容错性能。仿真表明,在各种信道条件下,该算法相对于随机帧内宏块更新算法．重建图像平均峰值信噪比有1．3～2．5dB的提高。同时,该算法对信道估计的要求不高,运算量和存储量的增加较低,具有实用性。     

Optimal Mode Decision Method for Interframe Prediction in H.264/AVC

Studies show that encoding technologies in H.264/AVC, including prediction and conversion, are essential technologies. However, these technologies are more complicated than the MPEG-4, which is a standard method and widely adopted worldwide. Therefore, the amount of calculation in H.264/AVC is significantly up-regulated compared to that of the MPEG-4. In the present study, it is intended to simplify the computational expenses in the international standard compression coding system H.264/AVC for moving images. Inter prediction refers to the most feasible compression technology, taking up to 60% of the entire encoding. In this regard, prediction error and motion vector information are proposed to simplify the computation of inter predictive coding technology. In the initial frame, motion compensation is performed in all target modes and then basic information is collected and analyzed. After the initial frame, motion compensation is performed only in the middle 8×8 modes, and the basic information amount shifts. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method and assess the motion image compression coding, four types of motion images, defined by the international telecommunication union (ITU), are employed. Based on the obtained results, it is concluded that the developed method is capable of simplifying the calculation, while it is slightly affected by the inferior image quality and the amount of information.     

一种快速实现H.264运动估计的方法

本文提出一种快速实现H.264运动估计的算法。该算法利用视频图像中存在大量空/时域冗余这一特点,在运动估计过程中引入预判空间相关性和时域稳定性的方法,节省了大量不必要的计算步骤。试验结果表明,该算法运动估计时间仅为JM84的30.3%,峰值信噪比(PSNR)仅降低1.1%,码率平均增加3.95%。     

视频编码标准H．264的技术革新及应用

本文阐述了H．264的概念,分析了H．264的技术进步,介绍了H．264的广泛应用及在应用中的良好表现。     

AVC/H.264标准中高效运动估计硬件结构设计

为解决视频编码标准AVC/H.264中运动估计高计算复杂度问题,提出了一个高效运动估计硬件实现结构.该结构能够实现多尺寸块运动估计处理,并且具有高流水效率和高性价比的特点.结构灵活性强,通过改变PE单元和加法树的流水级数能够达到面积和计算能力的折中.实验表明,该结构在搜索窗为65×65时,针对图像尺寸为720×576的视频,每秒最高可以编码48幅图像.     

A MV-Based Steganographic Algorithm for H.264/AVC without Distortion

H.264/AVC video is one of the most popular multimedia and has been widely used as the carriers of video steganography. In this paper, a novel motion vector (MV) based steganographic algorithm is proposed for the H.264/AVC compressed video without distortion. Four modules are introduced to eliminate the distortion caused by the modifications of motion vectors and guarantee the security of the algorithm. In the embedding block, the motion vector space encoding is used to embed a (2n+1)-ary notational number into an n-dimension vector composed of motion vectors generated from the selection block. Scrambling is adopted to disturb the order of steganographic carriers to improve the randomness of the carrier before the operation of embedding. The re-motion compensation (re-MC) block will re-construct the macroblock (MB) whose motion vectors have been modified by embedding block. System block plays the role of the generator for chaotic sequences and encryptor for secret data. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm can achieve high embedding capacity without stego video visual quality distortion, it also presents good undetectability for existing MV-based steganalysis feature. Performance comparisons with other existing algorithms are provided to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm.     

Fast intra prediction mode decision for H.264/AVC video coding

Abstract

Intra coding is used for reducing the spatial redundancy in video coding. H.264 supports several macroblocks of predictions for intra coding such as luma block four 16×16 modes, nine 4×4 modes and chroma block four modes, which significantly improve intra coding efficiency, but increase the encoding complexity. In order to select the best mode, we need to calculate the cost of the various modes. In this paper, a fast intra prediction mode decision for H.264/AVC video coding is proposed. Based on Laplacian, this intra prediction mode decision detects edges and selects the best mode for the block. This mode decision can shorten the time to reduce the encoding time. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves an encoding time saving of 70% on average.     

Intra mode selection in downsizing video transcoder based on H.264

An intra mode selection scheme is proposed in this work, which supports both downsizing transcoding and re‐quantization transcoding simultaneously. In the proposal, a total number of nonzero coefficients in precoded frame is used as criterion and a thresholding method is applied to select intra macroblock mode in re‐encoder. To calculate this threshold, which is related to re‐quantization parameter (denoted as Q_r), we propose a Th_I‐Q_r model which includes direct method and percentage I16MB method. In the former, an exponent model is proposed to describe relationship between the threshold and the Q_r; while in the latter, the threshold Th_I is converted into percentage of macroblocks with I16MB mode in the downsized frame (denoted as per_16), and relationship between the per_16 and the Q_r is also modeled as an exponent function. Then the two exponent models are all converted into linear regression model, and least square estimation is used to estimate the parameters of the models. Furthermore, if I4MB mode is selected for one macroblock, the intra prediction modes in precoded frame are utilized to select prediction mode for every 4 × 4 block of the macroblock in downsized frame to reduce computational complexity. We compared rate distortion performance and computational complexity of the proposed method with rate‐distortion optimization method. Simulation results demonstrate that on the precondition of compression performance of the proposal being close to the results of the rate‐distortion optimization method, the proposed method can save up to 30 and 80% in total encoding time and mode decision time, respectively. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 19, 340–349, 2009