基于边缘对称性和HOG的行人检测方法

传统基于HOG特征的行人检测方法存在检测速度慢的问题。为此,提出一种基于边缘对称性和HOG的行人检测方法。利用对称差分提取输入窗口的垂直边缘,根据垂直边缘的对称性快速检测出行人候选区,采用HOG特征和线性支持向量机对行人候选区进行验证。实验结果表明,该方法在保持传统方法检测率的同时,能提高检测速度。     

Fast multi-feature pedestrian detection algorithm based on histogram of oriented gradient using discrete wavelet transform

A convergence between a natural user interface (NUI) and advanced driver assistance system is considered as a next generation technology. This kind of interfacing system technology becomes more popular in driver assistance system of automobile. Especially, pedestrian detection is an important cue for intelligent vehicles and interactive driver assistance system. In this paper, we propose a pedestrian detection feature and technique by combining histogram of the oriented gradient (HOG) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT). In the method, the magnitude of motion is used to set region of interest (ROI) for improving detection speed. Then, we employ multi-feature for a pedestrian detection based on the HOG and DWT. In last stage, to classify whether a candidate window contains a pedestrian or not, the designed multi-feature is learned by using the training data with the support vector machine (SVM) mechanism. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm increases the speed-up factor of 27.21 % by comparing to the existing method using the original HOG feature.     

改进特征与GPU加速的行人检测

目的 目前行人检测存在特征维度高、检测耗时的问题,行人图像易受到光照、背景、遮挡等影响,给实际行人检测造成了一定困难。为了提高检测准确性,减少检测耗时,针对以上问题,提出一种改进特征与GPU （graphic processing unit）加速的行人检测算法。方法 首先,采用多尺度无缩放思想,通过canny算子对所有样本进行预处理,减少背景干扰与统一归格化的形变影响。然后,针对实际视频中的遮挡问题,把图像分成头部、左臂、上身、右臂、左腿、右腿6个区域。接着选取比LBP （local binary patterns）特征鲁棒性更好的SILTP （scale invariant local ternary pattern）特征作为纹理特征,在GPU空间中并行提取;同时,分别提取6个区域的HOG （histogram of oriented gradient）特征值,结合行人轮廓在6个区域上的梯度方向分布特性,对其进行加权。最后,将提取的全部特征输出到CPU （central processing unit）,利用支持向量机（SVM）分类器实现行人检测。结果 在INRIA、NICTA数据集上进行实验,INRIA数据集上检测率达到99.80%,NICTA数据集上检测率达到99.91%,并且INRIA数据集上检测时间加速比达到12.19,NICTA数据集上达到13.49,相对传统HOG、LBP算法,检测率、时间比实现提高。结论 提出的改进HOG-SILTP特征与GPU加速的行人检测算法,能够有效表达行人信息,改善传统特征提取方式带来的耗时与形变影响,对环境变化、遮挡具有较强的鲁棒性。该算法在检测率、检测时间方面均有提高,能够实现有效、快速的行人检测,具有实际意义。     

改进的基于增强型HOG的行人检测算法

行人检测在人工智能系统、车辆辅助驾驶系统和智能监控等领域具有重要的应用,是当前的研究热点.针对HOG特征不明显、支持向量机（SVM）分类器计算复杂度高,导致识别率低和检测速度慢的问题,本文提出了一种改进的基于增强型HOG的行人检测算法.该算法首先预处理原始图像并提取其HOG特征,然后增强该特征生成增强型HOG,经XGBoost分类器进行行人检测.在INRIA数据集上进行测试,实验结果表明所提算法识别率高达95.49%,有效地提高了行人检测性能.     

改进的红外图像行人检测和交叠率算法

行人越界入侵报警是十分普遍的应用场景,尤其是在安保领域.本文设计了一种改进的红外图像行人检测和交叠率算法,两者结合可以实现对行人的越界报警.本方法主要由三部分组成：红外图像行人检测算法、目标分类算法、交叠率算法与报警逻辑.红外图像是为了尽量克服环境影响,并且在夜间也具有良好的显示与图像采集功能;行人检测是通过YOLOv3算法和基于方向梯度直方图（HOG）特征的多层感知器（MLP）二分类来实现;报警算法与逻辑是计算目标的候选框与报警区域的交叠率,再进行逻辑判断.实验表明,本方法准确性高,报警准确率可达91%,有良好的应用价值.     

High-performance and deep pedestrian detection based on estimation of different parts

Pedestrian detection, despite the recent advances, still is of a great challenge to computer vision in wide range of diversified applications such as urban autonomous driving and intelligent transportation. Deep convolutional neural network has greatly contributed to the recent advances in pedestrian detection algorithms. The aim of this paper is to use modified single-shot detector (SSD) approach in pedestrian detection and then improve it by a novel deep architecture. The proposed deep architecture extracts initial Region of Interests (RoIs) using SSD approach, while it employs nine parallel fast RCNNs based on inception modules to estimate nine different parts of body. The proposed method takes the advantage of a secure border in each initial RoI to both create an Extended Region of Candidate Pedestrian (ERCP) and also to extract multi-RoIs. It then selects a number of RoIs within the ERCP as detected pedestrians which satisfy few reasonable criteria. We also propose a new training approach based on different body parts estimation which searches the best RoIs. Comprehensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method, deep model based on parts in pedestrian proposals, is a highly effective method that achieves very competitive performance on two most popular pedestrian detection datasets: Caltech-USA and INRIA. We have improved the log-average miss rate on the Caltech-USA and INRIA pedestrian datasets to 7.28% and 4.96%, respectively.

     

L1 norm based pedestrian detection using video analytics technique

Pedestrian detection from images of the visible spectrum is a high relevant area of research given its potential impact in the design of pedestrian protection systems. In general, detection is made with two different phases, feature extraction and classification. Also, features for detection of pedestrian are already are available such as optimal feature model. But still required is an improvement in detection by reducing the execution time and false positive. The proposed model has three different phases, that is, background subtraction, feature extraction, and classification. In spite of giving entire information into feature extraction, the system gives only a useful information (foreground image) by twin background model. Then the foreground image moves to the feature extraction and classifies the pedestrian. For feature extraction, histogram of orientation gradient (HOG) L₁ normalization has been used. This will increase the detection accuracy and reduce the computation time of a process. In addition, false positive rate has been minimized.     

A new thermal infrared and visible spectrum images-based pedestrian detection system

In this paper, we propose a hybrid system for pedestrian detection, in which both thermal and visible images of the same scene are used. The proposed method is achieved in two basic steps: (1) Hypotheses generation (HG) where the locations of possible pedestrians in an image are determined and (2) hypotheses verification (HV), where tests are done to check the presence of pedestrians in the generated hypotheses. HG step segments the thermal image using a modified version of OTSU thresholding technique. The segmentation results are mapped into the corresponding visible image to obtain the regions of interests (possible pedestrians). A post-processing is done on the resulting regions of interests to keep only significant ones. HV is performed using random forest as classifier and a color-based histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) together with the histograms of oriented optical flow (HOOF) as features. The proposed approach has been tested on OSU Color-Thermal, INO Video Analytics and LITIV data sets and the results justify its effectiveness.

     

Gabor特征结合快速HOG特征的行人检测

针对行人检测中HOG特征提取速度慢且易忽视细节特征的问题,提出了一种Gabor特征结合快速HOG特征的行人检测算法.首先对输入图像进行小波变换,并引入积分图思想和主成分分析算法快速提取图像HOG特征;其次融合Gabor小波变换得到的Gabor特征,最后采用混合特征训练分类器,实现行人的有效检测.测试集上的实验结果表明,在使用相同分类器的情况下,该混合特征提取方法比单一特征提取方法的检测正确率最多可提高7.37％,因此所提出的算法可以有效地提高行人检测的精度.     

基于DSP+FPGA的矿井轨道行人检测系统设计

为了避免矿井机车撞人事故的发生,提出了基于数字信号处理器结合现场可编程门阵列(DSP+FPGA)架构的轨道行人检测系统.通过A/D采样芯片对摄像机输出的模拟信号进行采样,将采集的数字信号由FPGA进行预处理;通过外部存储器接口(EMIF)将预处理后的信号传送至DSP,由DSP执行自适应阈值的边缘检测;基于极角、极径约束的霍夫(Hough)变换,降低维度的梯度方向直方图(HOG)特征提取,结合支持向量机(SVM)行人检测等算法;通过以太网接口,将检测的行人信息传送至上位机显示.实验结果表明:设计的轨道行人检测系统,检测效果良好,帧率可达8 fps,满足矿井环境对安全应用的要求.     

基于PCA降维的多特征级联的行人检测

在行人检测中,针对梯度方向直方图(HOG)冗余信息过多、检测速度慢等不足,提出了运用PCA降维的多特征级联的行人检测。首先利用PCA对HOG特征进行降维,其次将HOG特征和Gabor特征、颜色特征级联作为行人检测的特征,最后使用SVM的径向基(RBF)核函数进行分类。在INRIA行人库上的实验表明,该方法不但提高了分类的速度,而且提高了检测的准确率。     

基于改进WLD描述子的行人检测方法研究

近年来,行人检测研究受到越来越多的关注。提出一种使用改进的Weber局部描述子（IWLD）实现行人检测的方法,该方法有效地吸取HOG和Weber局部描述子方法的优势。将提出的IWLD用来刻画滑动窗口,从而实现行人检测。在INRIA行人数据库上的实验结果验证提出的IWLD检测子的有效性,与传统的行人检测方法（HOG和HOG—LBP）比较,该方法更优。     

Directional pedestrian counting with a hybrid map-based model

Detection-based pedestrian counting methods produce results of considerable accuracy in non-crowded scenes. However, the detection-based approach is dependent on the camera viewpoint. On the other hand, map-based pedestrian counting methods are performed by measuring features that do not require separate detection of each pedestrian in the scene. Thus, these methods are more effective especially in high crowd density. In this paper, we propose a hybrid map-based model that is a new directional pedestrian counting model. Our proposed model is composed of direction estimation module with classified foreground motion vectors, and pedestrian counting module with principal component analysis. Our contributions in this paper have two aspects. First, we present a directional moving pedestrian counting system that does not depend on object detection or tracking. Second, the number and major directions of pedestrian movements can be detected, by classifying foreground motion vectors. This representation is more powerful than simple features in terms of handling noise, and can count the moving pedestrians in images more accurately.

     

多尺度级联行人检测算法的研究与实现

行人检测算法是利用行人的特征结合分类器对图片中是否有行人进行判断的方法。文中基于传统的HOG行人特征检测方法以及Adaboost分类器思想,改进了行人检测算法。使用多尺度的HOG特征对图片的检测区域进行特征提取,并采用级联的Adaboost分类器结合对应尺度的特征进行分类判断,将判断结果输入下一级分类器中继续进行分类判断,最终实现区域内有无人的检测。实验结果表明多尺度下的级联分类器能够更加有效地筛选出行人区域,在计算时间小幅增加的情况下,很大地提高了检测精度。     

Flexible neural network for fast and accurate road scene perception

Accurate object detection on the road is the most important requirement of autonomous vehicles. Extensive work has been accomplished for car, pedestrian, and cyclist detection; however, comparatively, very few efforts have been put into 2D object detection. In this article, a dynamic approach is investigated to design a perfect unified neural network that could achieve the best results based on our available hardware. The proposed architecture is based on CSPNet for feature extraction in an end-to-end way. The net extracts visual features by using backbone subnet, visual object detection is based on a feature pyramid network (FPN). In order to increase the net flexibility, an auto-anchor generating method is applied to the detection layer that makes the net suitable for any datasets. For fine-tuning the net, activation, optimization, and loss functions are considered along with multiple check points. The proposed net is trained and tested based on the benchmark KITTI dataset. Our extensive experiments show that the proposed model for visual object detection is superior to others, where other nets output very low accuracy for pedestrian and cyclist detection, our proposed model achieves 99.3% recall rate based on our dataset.

     

基于稀疏表达和机器学习的行人检测技术研究

针对行人检测技术在智能交通系统中的应用,为了提高行人检测方法的有效性、实时性和准确性,将稀疏表达应用到图像的特征压缩中,提出一种基于HOG和LTP特征训练SVM分类器进行行人检测的方法。基于HOG和LTP特征训练SVM分类器进行行人检测的方法有效地结合了图像的梯度特征和纹理特征,利用稀疏表达进行特征数据的压缩可以有效地加速算法。实验结果表明,提出的算法具有精度高、速度快等优点。     

基于PHOG特征的行人检测算法研究

HOG特征对行人轮廓有很好的描述能力,但基于HOG特征的行人检测存在检测速度慢、漏检率较高的问题,使得该算法的实践应用范围受限。本文针对检测速度慢、漏检率较高的问题,提出了一种基于PHOG特征的行人检测算法。首先,提出了PHOG特征,该特征对cell内的梯度特征进行强化,增大了目标与背景的梯度分布区别,从而使目标更容易被分类器学习和识别。然后提出了构建特征金字塔的方法,并对PHOG特征进行有效地降维,大幅度减少了检测时间。试验结果表明,本文提出的PHOG-PCA特征将漏检率从35%降到了22%,检测速度也比一些流行算法快。     

基于改进HOG特征值的行人检测

摘要：针对目前梯度方向直方图HOG作为描述符应用于行人检测时,会自动忽略梯度方向相反方向的差异,导致HOG的表达能力较弱等不足,本文提出基于改进HOG特征值的行人检测机制。在分析HOG描述符基础上,串联直方图,设计改进的HOG描述符;并提出一种新的归一化技术,嵌入改进的HOG描述符中,增强其表达能力。在多个数据库上的实验结果表明：与传统HOG特征方法相比,本文方法具有更高的准确率和更低的漏检率。     

基于改进HOG特征和SVM分类器的行人检测

本文首先研究了行人检测的方法和面临的难点,然后根据高斯平滑滤波器和双线性插值法对传统方向梯度直方图做了改进,并搭建了支持向量机模型,从而构建了基于改进HOG特征和SVM分类器的行人检测系统。实验结果显示,在明亮且无遮挡的场景下,矩形框精确地定位行人,在光照不足或存在轻微遮挡时可以大体定位到行人,表明该系统在明亮无遮挡的情况下有准确的结果,并且在昏暗和轻度遮挡下检测效果良好,最后通过对比可以得出,本文提出的方法总体效果优于传统HOG特征和SVM分类器的方法。     

基于OTSU分割和HOG特征的行人检测与跟踪方法

传统的HOG算法针对整幅图像进行行人特征提取,大量的非人窗口计算必然降低检测的准确率和效率。为此,提出一种基于OTSU分割和HOG特征的行人检测与跟踪方法。利用OTSU算法以最佳阈值分割图像,在分割区域的基础上进行Canny边缘检测,通过边缘的对称性计算确定行人候选区,继而采用经PCA方法降维后的HOG特征和隐马尔可夫模型对行人候选区进行检测验证。最后,以确定的行人区域为跟踪窗口,利用CamShift算法跟踪行人。多组实验结果证明,本文方法的行人检测效率和精度均有所提高,跟踪性能稳定、可靠。