用固体电解质传感法在线、快速、边疆检测铝及铝合金熔体中氢或其它元素的含量及行为

固体电解质传感法可在线、快速、连续地检测铝及铝合金熔体中的氢或其它元素的含量及行为，是一种极富发展前景的新型检测方法。本文详细介绍了氢传感器的工作原理以及作者开发研制的氢传感器与稀土传感器的技术性能主实际应用效果。     

温度和湿度对Nafion膜氢传感器性能的影响

系统研究了以Nafion112膜为电解质的氢传感器在不同工作环境下的氢敏感性能.结果表明,以Nafion112膜为电解质的氢传感器对氢具有很好的敏感性,可以实现微量氢气泄漏的快速检测.该传感器在氢气体积分数为(500～3000)×10-6时的响应电压与氢气体积分数的对数呈线性关系,为标定不同环境下氢气含量与传感器响应电压的对应关系提供了依据.在相同湿度条件下,传感器响应电压随温度的升高而下降.湿度对传感器响应电压的影响与温度相关:温度较低时,响应电压随湿度的增加而下降;温度较高时,响应电压随湿度的增加而升高.     

0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb传感器断裂原因分析

某力学传感器在出厂检验流程中发生断裂失效,为了确定失效原因,防止此类失效事件再次发生,实验对该传感器的力学性能、金相组织和断口形貌进行了分析,确定了断裂原因。结果表明,传感器的失效模式为氢致延迟开裂,材料中氢含量偏高和开裂位置机加工质量较差是导致传感器发生氢致开裂的主要原因。结合失效原因,提出了改进措施。     

利用HTDS对钢材料中氢扩散行为的分析研究

介绍了利用升温测氢装置(HTDS)进行的钢材料中扩散氢及非扩散氢定量区分与检测的方法,绘制出不同温度下氢扩散速率曲线图,找出最佳扩散温度区间。通过对管线钢服役中失效样品中扩散氢和不易扩散氢的测定,为失效分析提供有力判据。     

现代生物传感器在食品安全检测中的应用

分析了生物传感器的基本原理、结构以及生物传感器的类型和特点,阐述了现代生物传感器技术在微生物检测、食品药物残留与兽药残留、食品添加剂检测和激素检测中的各种应用,讨论了传感技术在食品安全检测中的重要应用及未来发展方向.     

贮氢合金材料的开发及应用

指出贮氢材料是一类新型高性能材料,介绍了镁系、稀土系、钛系、锆系等贮氢合金的开发状况,综合论述了各种贮氢材料的应用研究的进展情况.     

钢液氢含量检测技术研究

测量钢液氢含量的方法有离线定氢和在线定氢。离线定氢通过从钢液中取样,凝固后实验室检测氢含量。在线定氢通过测量出钢液的平衡氢分压后利用Sievert定律换算出氢含量。与离线定氢相比,在线定氢影响因素少,系统重现性好,测量周期短,满足真空处理、连铸等快节奏定氢的需要。     

转炉钢水氢含量的来源及控制

以转炉钢水氢含量为研究对象,借助钢水定氢仪对钢水增氢原因进行了摸索和分析,有针对性地提出了预防控制措施.措施实施后,转炉钢水氢含量由控制前的平均7.3 ×10-6降低到现在的（3.0 ～3.5）×10-6.     

管线管氢致开裂试样检测及分析

对管线管氢致开裂(HIC)试验后试样进行超声波探伤和金相分析。结果表明:HIC试验后未发现氢致裂纹缺陷,但超声波探伤可检测到大型B类夹杂物及表面氢鼓泡。本试验所取试样较大B类夹杂物出现在管体壁厚中心与外壁之间,可以大致推断较大B类夹杂位于原始铸坯1/2半径到表层细晶区之间,其成因与铸坯芯部成分偏析无关。氢鼓泡中有大颗粒状氧化镁及硫化钙夹杂,其余区域为铝酸钙夹杂,故夹杂物是形成氢鼓泡的诱因之一。     

Ti600钛合金置氢后激活能及热塑性研究

采用热模拟实验方法,研究了Ti600钛合金置氢后的热塑性性能,确定了不同含氢量及工艺参数条件下的激活能.研究结果发现,氢含量对置氢Ti600钛合金的峰值应力具有明显影响,当氢含量小于0.2%(质量分数)时,由于此时氢元素对B相的稳定起主导作用,因此随氢含量的增加,峰值应力随之降低.当氢含量大于0.2%(质量分数)时,由于此时氢元素的固溶强化起主导作用,因此随氢含量的增加,峰值应力随之增加.在相同塑性性能的条件下,提高氢含量,可以降低Ti600钛合金的变形温度.根据热模拟实验数据,得到了Ti600钛合金在不同氢含量时的激活能及相关系数,确定了置氢Ti600钛合金的Arrhenius型本构方程.     

Voices of fear and anxiety and sadness and depression: The effects of speech rate and loudness on fear and anxiety and sadness and depression.

Two studies investigated the role of expressive vocal behavior (specifically, speech rate and loudness) in fear and anxiety and in sadness and depression. In the 1st study, participants spoke about personally experienced fear and anxiety-arousing and neutral events using 3 different voice styles: fast and loud, normal, and slow and soft. In the 2nd study, participants spoke about personally experienced sad or depressing and neutral events using the same 3 voice styles. In both studies, the participants' highest levels of subjective affective and cardiovascular (CV) arousal occurred when they spoke about the emotional events in a mood-congruent voice style: fast and loud in the case of fear and anxiety, and slow and soft in the case of sadness or depression. Mood-incongruent voice styles canceled the heightened levels of CV arousal normally associated with these negative emotions. The voice-style manipulation had no significant effect on the participants' levels of CV arousal during the neutral discussions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Synthesis and analysis of mixed chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and assessment of formation and occurrence of the fluorinated and chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans

Despite the use of multimodal therapy, higher-grade glioma is still uniformly fatal in the adult population. There is a considerable difference between the length of survival in each given patient, even within the same tumor type and malignancy grade group, suggesting that there are factors that might differentially influence outcome. To identify such factors, 107 patients with anaplastic or malignant glioma were retrospectively investigated. Clinical parameters and paraclinical data on the p53, mdm2, and EGFR genes at the DNA or protein level were evaluated by univariate analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression modeling. Kaplan-Meier survival estimation demonstrated that immunohistochemical positivity for mdm2 protein in patients with anaplastic astrocytoma or with glioblastoma multiforme was associated with a shorter survival time (p = 0.02). P53 gene mutations and immunopositivity for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein were not significantly related to poor prognosis. The Cox proportional hazards model revealed immunohistochemical positivity for p53, mdm2, or for both of them, the presence of postoperative irradiation, and the extent of surgical resection of tumor to be variables significantly associated with prolonged survival. EGFR overexpression, age over 60 years, and Karnofsky performance score below 40 points did not significantly shorten survival time. In conclusion, the present study identified immunohistochemically detected mdm2-protein overexpression as a statistically significant negative prognostic parameter in patients bearing anaplastic or malignant glioma. Association analysis of variables revealed a possible correlation between mdm2 and p53, which is also consistent with the biological interaction mode of both proteins in vivo.     

Sexuality and aging--usual and successful

BACKGROUND: As aging research increasingly reflects an effort to dissociate true time-driven changes from those that can be improved, sexuality in later life remains largely unexplored. Several problems are evident. There is a lack of normative data, a lack of a conceptual framework relating to the biology, psychology, and sociology of sex, and an attitudinal resistance that obscures the entire topic. METHODS: We conducted a three-part instructional series on major topics involved with sexuality and aging. We surveyed our group of attendees (n 158, average age 68 for males, 65 for females) before and after the series. RESULTS: A remarkably robust sex life was evidenced by both the men and the women, even until advanced old age. Yet, a substantially decreased involvement was reported from 10 years earlier. Despite current activities, people of both sexes wished they were participating even more than they currently were. Impotency was identified as the major negative feature for the men; relationship problems were for the women. A questionnaire 6 months after the series reported improved sexual attitudes, but no change in sexual activities from the earlier survey. CONCLUSION: Sexuality is a major quality-of-life issue which persists into old age. Our study showed that the usual sexual practices reported by our group were not considered by them to be ideal. The intervention of this instructional series provided improved sexual attitudes but not performance. Additional studies are encouraged.     

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis and sports

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis occur predominantly in the lower lumbar spine. Besides congenital defects such as predisposition of spondylolysis the correlation between competitive sports activities and an increased incidence of spondylolysis is proved. In early stages, complete healing can be achieved by conservative treatment (abstinence from sports activities for 3 months, orthesis). Persistence of pain, neurologic symptoms and progression of vertebral slipping are indications for operative treatment (reconstruction of the isthmus, dorso-ventral spondylodesis). The exercise tolerance depends on the extent of instability, progression of vertebral slipping and clinical symptoms. The limits of exercise tolerance vary among the individual athletes and require the decision of the physician. Backstroke swimming, abdominal and back muscle strengthening exercises, and types of sport involving smooth movements are advisable. Sports education in school is possible without restriction in patients with stable spondylolysis and in those with spondylolisthesis without unfavourable concomitant factors.     

Larks and owls and health, wealth, and wisdom

OBJECTIVE: To test the validity of Benjamin Franklin's maxim "early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise." DESIGN: Cross sectional analysis of sleeping patterns in a nationally representative group of elderly people, and longitudinal investigation of mortality. SETTING: Eight areas in Britain (five in England, two in Scotland, and one in Wales). SUBJECTS: 1229 men and women aged 65 and over who in 1973-4 had taken part in a survey funded by the Department of Health and Social Security and for whom data on sleeping patterns, health, socioeconomic circumstances, and cognitive function had been recorded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self reported income, access to a car, standard of accommodation, performance on a test of cognitive function, state of health and mortality during 23 years of follow up. RESULTS: 356 people (29%) were defined as larks (to bed before 11 pm and up before 8 am) and 318 (26%) were defined as owls (to bed at or after 11 pm and up at or after 8 am). There was no indication that larks were richer than those with other sleeping patterns. On the contrary, owls had the largest mean income and were more likely to have access to a car. There was also no evidence that larks were superior to those with other sleeping patterns with regard to their cognitive performance or their state of health. Both larks and owls had a slightly reduced risk of death compared with the rest of the study sample, but this was accounted for by the fact that they spent less time in bed at night. In the study sample as a whole, longer periods of time in bed were associated with increased mortality. After adjustment for age, sex, the presence of illness, and other risk factors, people who spent 12 or more hours in bed had a relative risk of death of 1.7 (1.2 to 2.5) compared with those who were in bed for 9 hours. The lowest risk occurred in people who spent 8 hours in bed (adjusted relative risk 0.8; 0.7 to 1.0). CONCLUSION: These findings do not support Franklin's claim. A "late to bed and late to rise" lifestyle does not seem to lead to socioeconomic, cognitive, or health disadvantage, but a longer time spent in bed may be associated with increased mortality.     

Craniometaphyseal and craniodiaphyseal dysplasia, head and neck manifestations and management

Mechanical allodynia (MA) following hand injury is a well-documented clinical problem. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the relationship between hand MA and the upper limb tension test (ULTT). The ULTT mechanically stresses the neural structures from the C5/6/7 neural foramina to the median nerve distally. This study examined 29 subjects with unilateral hand MA before and after a 2-week neural self-mobilization programme. There was a significant difference between the subjects' affected and unaffected sides when tested using the ULTT, both in reproduction of symptoms and in reduced range of motion of the ULTT. Following the self-mobilization program, there was an improvement in the range of the ULTT, and subjects reported a reduction in their symptoms. Complete recovery was not obtained in all cases. The results of this study suggest that the ULTT is a useful tool both in assessment and treatment of subjects with hand MA.     

深云立交桥梁检测及加固改造

根据深云立交桥梁的检测结果，对该桥目前的整体状况、工作状态，及其使用情况做出综合评价，对桥的病害原因进行了分析，并提出合理的加固方案。     

关于摩尔浓度及其与硬度转换关系问题的讨论

众所周知，国际单位制物质的量采用摩尔(mol)表示，近几年出版的给排水专业书籍，为了与国际单位制接轨，逐渐将摩尔的使用频率不断提高，被给排水技术人员广泛应用的新版给排水设计手册，将表示物质浓度的单位“当量／升”或“毫克当量／升”．改为mol／l或mmol／l，虽然编者对其基本单元定义作了说明，但在实际运用上仍会出现误解，     

《儿子与情人》的语码转换与男女二元对立

劳伦斯小说《儿子与情人》一个鲜明的语言特色就是标准英语和当地方言频繁的语码转换。莫瑞尔用方言来对抗妻子,而妻子坚持用标准英语,偶尔也用方言来讽刺、挖苦丈夫。语码转换反映了劳伦斯男女二元对立的哲学思想。