花粉症诱因探究

花粉症又称季节性鼻炎或枯草热,是敏感个体对花粉的一种超敏反应.在美国,每一百个人当中就有两个以上的人患花粉症;现在日本有1300万人饱受花粉症折磨,超过总人口的10%[1].我国的发病率为0.5%～1%,高发区达到5%,虽没有上述一些国家那么严重,受害者亦相当可观.全世界花粉症发病人数到1999年就已有5000多万[2],可见花粉症患者是一个绝不可轻视的群体.图1显示了花粉过敏症的发病机制.     

吉安散装人抗冰战雪保平安——江西吉安散办干部职工铲除冰保畅通纪实

春节前后,吉安市遭遇到罕见的冰冻雨雪灾害天气,连续出现了低温、阴雨和雨夹雪,成为全省灾情最严重地区之一.特别是1月25日以后,出现了持续大范围的雨雪冰冻天气.冰冻损坏了市区的电网,压垮了树枝,封锁了道路和桥梁.     

2010～2011年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2010年7月～2011年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2010～2011年世界塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯、ABS树脂),工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚),特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮),通用热固性树脂(酚醛、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂、聚氨酯)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

欧文斯科宁专访

欧文斯科宁公司(以下简称OC)创建66年来一直致力于开发玻璃纤维的新用途,是建筑材料和复合材料行业的领先创新者和制造商,OC进入亚太市场也已超过30年,长久以来他们专注于推广复合材料的应用领域以及扩大其供应基地.最近,欧文斯科宁在印度扩充了生产能力,并在上海设立了技术中心.至今为止,欧文斯科宁在亚太区已有超过1800名员工,从事建筑材料和复合材料的生产,销售和研发工作.     

酿酒酵母细胞表达异源萜类化合物的研究进展

萜类化合物具有可观的经济价值,但是目前的生产过程复杂、产量低。酿酒酵母甲羟戊酸途径为萜类化合物的合成提供直接前体,因此酿酒酵母细胞具有合成异源萜类化合物的天然优势。对酿酒酵母甲羟戊酸途径的清晰认识是对其进行有效利用的基础,本文从代谢途径、关键酶的特点和全局调控机制3个方面对该途径进行了介绍。从代谢途径的构建和优化、模块与底盘细胞的适配、模块构建及组装方式的角度概述了酿酒酵母细胞异源合成单萜、倍半烯萜、二萜、三萜类化合物的研究进展。指出实现酿酒酵母高效合成萜类化合物所需要解决的基础问题是对酿酒酵母甲羟戊酸途径进行更为全面了解和对萜类化合物的天然代谢途径进行明确解析;另外,合成生物学的进一步发展也将为此提供应用基础。     

喷涂前处理污染源的分析及其处理措施

随着我国国民经济的快速发展和国家"节能减排"重点项目的深入开展,各种污染源的分析及其处理措施的研究备受关注.本文在充分研究若干家电企业的钢铁喷涂制件的前处理工艺(如:预脱脂、脱脂、清洗、表调、磷化等)的基础上,分析喷涂前处理过程中的污染源,研究污染源的处理措施.     

回转窑耐火砖的砌筑及使用

我公司回转窑规格为Φ4.0m×60m.窑内使用的耐火砖为镁铬砖、隔热尖晶石、蓝晶石和黏土砖以及硅莫砖.镁铬砖规格为(81×90×150×200)mm,其它耐火砖规格皆为(81×90×200×200)mm.尽管每个品种的砖品质相同,但由于在镶砌和使用过程中方法不同,寿命有长有短.通过多年实践,现总结如下.     

硅酸钠缓蚀剂的研究现状与展望

硅酸盐资源丰富,无毒,价廉,不繁殖细菌,是一种对环境友好的缓蚀剂.近年来研究的以硅酸盐为主的缓蚀剂复合配方,大大提高了硅酸盐缓蚀剂的应用范围.目前,开发缓蚀剂复合配方已成为一种发展趋势.本文综述了硅酸钠缓蚀剂的应用现状,并对其发展作了展望.     

论啤酒瓶质量与啤酒灌装的协调和统一

为了使啤酒瓶质量与啤酒灌装质量协调统一,探讨了啤酒瓶外形设计、剩余空间和瓶壁厚度与瓶子强度和灌装质量的关系,提出啤酒瓶企业定点向啤酒企业供瓶,两企业协作互动,了解相关的技术、设备性能和工艺流程,以利同步发展.     

化妆品行业如何应对REACH法规

2006年12月7日～2006年12月8日化妆品化学家年会在美国纽约举行,该年会为化学品供应商提供了参与REACH法规的机会.REACH法规的实施引起了业界的广泛关注,来自世界各地的著名化学品及化妆品公司对REACH法规的实施所带来的一些问题,以及新原料、新技术进行了交流.会议主要对就REACH法规、制造及规模化和神经美容品等方面展开了研讨.     

Durable fiber reinforced self-compacting concrete

In order to produce thin precast elements, a self-compacting concrete was prepared. When manufacturing these elements, homogenously dispersed steel fibers instead of ordinary steel-reinforcing mesh were added to the concrete mixture at a dosage of 10% by mass of cement. An adequate concrete strength class was achieved with a water to cement ratio of 0.40. Compression and flexure tests were carried out to assess the safety of these thin concrete elements. Moreover, serviceability aspects were taken into consideration. Firstly, drying shrinkage tests were carried out in order to evaluate the contribution of steel fibers in counteracting the high concrete strains due to a low aggregate-cement ratio. Secondly, the resistance to freezing and thawing cycles was investigated on concrete specimens in some cases superficially treated with a hydrophobic agent. Lastly, both carbonation and chloride penetration tests were carried out to assess durability behavior of this concrete mixture.     

Prediction of the plastic viscosity of self-compacting steel fibre reinforced concrete

Micromechanical constitutive models are used to predict the plastic viscosity of self-compacting steel fibre reinforced concrete (SCFRC) from the measured plastic viscosity of the paste. The concrete is regarded as a two-phase composite in which the solid phase is suspended in a viscous liquid phase. The liquid matrix phase consists of cement, water and any viscosity modifying agent (VMA) to which the solids (fine and coarse aggregates and fibres) are added in succession. The predictions are shown to correlate very well with available experimental data. Comments are made on the practical usefulness of the predicted plastic viscosity in simulating the flow of SCFRC.     

矿渣基轻质泡沫混凝土的增强研究

以碱激发矿渣为主要胶凝组分,利用物理发泡技术制备了矿渣聚合物泡沫混凝土.通过XRD表征了不同基体组成对泡沫混凝土物相组成的影响;通过Image-Pro Plus表征了不同基体组成对泡沫混凝土气孔结构的影响.综合分析了不同基体组成对矿渣聚合物泡沫混凝土基体强度以及气孔结构的影响,重点研究了低密度矿渣基泡沫混凝土的强度优化.研究表明未掺加泡沫的地质聚合物基体强度作为矿渣聚合物泡沫混凝土的强度基数,而孔结构则代表了随着泡沫掺加矿渣聚合物泡沫混凝土保留其基体强度的能力,对于低密度的泡沫混凝土,提高其保留基体强度的能力为强度优化的根本出发点.基于以上理论对矿渣聚合物泡沫混凝土掺加粉煤灰进行孔结构优化,掺加水泥进行基体增强的强度分步优化,使1800 mL泡沫掺量(干密度400 kg/m3)的矿渣基泡沫混凝土强度增加103%,使其强度由1.43 MPa提高至2.91 MPa.     

钢纤维灰砂混凝土中基体增强效益研究

通过综合分析提出,钢纤维掺入灰砂混凝土后对基体有明显强化作用,表现在基体孔隙率下降;孔结构改善;显微硬度提高;界面薄弱层得到增强,故钢纤维灰砂混凝土性能提高．纤维混凝土增强机理应充分考虑纤维与基体的复合效应．本工作从组成结构上认识和剖析了纤维的增强作用     

不同掺合料混凝土与锈蚀钢筋间粘结-滑移力学性能试验研究

采用中心拉拔法对普通混凝土(PC)、水泥基渗透结晶防水混凝土(CCCW)、聚丙烯纤维混凝土(PFRC)与热轧带肋钢筋进行粘结-滑移试验。通过电化学锈蚀方法对钢筋进行加速锈蚀,研究锈蚀后钢筋与混凝土粘结性能。结果表明:在混凝土中引入适量聚丙烯纤维及水泥基渗透结晶防水材料能够显著提升其对钢筋的极限粘结强度,分别提高了20.8%、6.8%;无论是否添加掺合料,钢筋-混凝土拉拔试件的极限粘结力均随着锈蚀率的增大呈线性下降趋势。基于锈蚀构件拉拔试验结果,拟合出不同混凝土的极限粘结强度与锈蚀率计算公式,发现随着锈蚀率的增大,聚丙烯纤维及水泥基渗透结晶防水材料能减缓钢筋-混凝土极限粘结强度下降速度。     

Introducing two simple models for predicting fiber‐reinforced asphalt concrete behavior during longitudinal loads

Scientists and engineers are constantly trying to improve the performance of asphalt pavements. Modification of the asphalt binder is one approach taken to improve pavement performance. The idea of using fibers to improve the behavior of materials is an old suggestion, so different researchers reported the results of adding a large variety of fibers to asphalt concrete (AC) as fiber‐reinforced asphalt concrete (FRAC). However, there are few comments about the mechanism of reinforcement and fiber performance in the inner structure of AC and/or exposing some models to predict fiber recital as a modifier in FRAC. So this article is going to introduce two simple models for predicting FRAC behavior during longitudinal loads. The former is called “Slippage Theory” and the latter is “Equal Cross‐Section.” Finally, four types of fibers (glass, nylon 6.6, polypropylene, and polyester) were used in AC to evaluate the two theories. “Marshall Test,” as stability and flow outcomes, and “Specific Gravity” were carried out on specimens in the next stages followed by an artificial neural network (ANN), which was developed in the system to recognize important fiber parameters effective in the FRAC specifications. In the end, the two theories predicted each fiber performance in FRAC as well as ANN. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

GFRP筋增强混凝土梁受力性能分析

本文运用非线性全过程分析方法分析了GFRP筋增强混凝土梁和钢混凝土梁不同的受荷－变形性能,指出针对GFRP筋的强刚度特性,为充分利用GFRP筋的高强特性,有必要采用预应力构件,文章进一步分析了预应力GFRP筋增强混土梁的受荷－变形性能。     

碳纤维加固混凝土梁板结构的工程实践

通过对某矿选煤厂准备车间在不停产状态下施工实例,应用碳纤维加固技术,对梁板结构进行了结构计算验证,并对碳纤维加固施工进行了介绍。     

不同温度下混凝土补强的力学性能研究

本研究主要探讨混凝土补强在不同温度下的力学性能;以普通混凝土添加不同钢纤维含量的活性粉混凝土为补强材料,进行高温试验项目包括:抗压强度、抗弯强度、抗拉强度、斜剪强度等试验.结果显示,添加钢纤维的活性粉混凝土在高温中,可以达到增加补强的作用.     

Parameter-study on the influence of steel fibers and coarse aggregate content on the fresh properties of self-compacting concrete

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) offers several economic and technical benefits; the use of steel fibers extends its possibilities. Steel fibers bridge cracks, retard their propagation, and improve several characteristics and properties of the concrete. Fibers are known to significantly affect the workability of concrete. Therefore, an investigation was performed to compare the properties of plain SCC and SCC reinforced with steel fibers. Two mixtures of SCC with different aggregate contents were used as reference. Each of the concretes was tested with four types of steel fibers at different contents in order to answer the question to what extent the workability of SCC is influenced. The slump flow, a fiber funnel and the J-ring test were used to evaluate the material characteristics of the fresh concrete. This paper discusses the suitability of the applied test methods and the effect of the coarse aggregate content, the content and type of steel fibers on the workability of SCC.