黄酮混合物体外抗氧化活性的相互作用

测定槲皮素、异槲皮素、杨梅素、山萘酚、儿茶素、表儿茶素、芹菜素、飞燕草素-3-O-葡萄糖苷、矢车菊素-3-O-葡萄糖苷等9种黄酮类化合物及其两两混合物的体外抗氧化活性,以研究黄酮混合物的协同、拮抗与加合作用。以DPPH清除能力、羟基自由基清除能力、总抗氧化性、还原能力为评价指标。结果表明,含有较多B环羟基的黄酮类化合物更易发生拮抗作用,可通过调节黄酮单品的比例减小混合物的拮抗作用或是增强其协同作用,不同反应机理的评价指标所得结果不同。     

不同前处理发酵的桑椹紫酒中黄酮醇物质的比较研究

采用反相高效液相色谱检测不同前处理发酵的桑椹紫酒中黄酮醇的含量,并与葡萄酒中黄酮醇的含量进行对比。结果表明,不同前处理桑椹紫酒中各类黄酮醇的含量除山萘酚,其余均差异极显著。桑椹紫酒中可以检测出10种黄酮醇。其中,槲皮素、杨梅素与葡萄酒中的含量相当,其余8种黄酮醇：山萘酚、异鼠李素、高良姜素、芦丁、非瑟酮、桑色素、鼠李素、芹菜素含量均比葡萄酒中的含量要高,且均在0.54 mg/L以上。     

油茶黄酮化合物对核桃油氧化稳定性研究

将油茶黄酮化合物添加到核桃油中,通过体外抗氧化实验,探究其对核桃油稳定性的影响。以油茶叶、油茶籽壳为原料,提取黄酮类化合物并通过高效液相色谱法定性定量分析;将黄酮类提取物按照油茶籽壳中杨梅素∶槲皮素∶山奈酚=1.15∶1.00∶1.05,油茶叶中杨梅素∶槲皮素∶山奈酚=2.36∶1.00∶1.60的比例添加到核桃油中,以200 mg/kg的TBHQ、BHA、VE做对照组,测定过氧化值、酸价、总抗氧化能力、还原能力等指标,研究杨梅素、槲皮素、山奈酚不同配比对核桃油氧化稳定性的影响。结果表明：油茶籽壳中杨梅素、槲皮素和山奈酚含量分别为：68.71、59.77、62.71 mg/100 g;油茶叶中杨梅素、槲皮素和山奈酚含量分别为：74.51、31.58、50.58 mg/100 g。对核桃油的抗氧化效果为：TBHQ>杨梅素∶槲皮素∶山奈酚=1.15∶1.00∶1.05>BHA>杨梅素∶槲皮素∶山奈酚=2.36∶1.00∶1.60>VE。油茶中的黄酮化合物作为一种天然抗氧化剂能有效延长核桃油的货架期;油茶籽壳黄酮化合物的抗氧化效果优于BHA、VE;油茶叶黄酮化合物的抗...     

芝麻素及其衍生物与DNA相互作用的研究

在pH=7.4的生理条件下,采用紫外吸收光谱法、圆二色(CD)光谱法、DNA热变性法及粘度法对芝麻提取物芝麻酚(SL)、芝麻素(SN)及细辛脂素(AN)与小牛胸腺DNA(ctDNA)的相互作用机理进行初步探讨。研究结果显示,ctDNA能使三种化合物在290 nm附近处的紫外吸收峰产生减色效应,且伴随轻微的红移现象,ctDNA浓度越大,减色效应越明显,SL、SN及AN与ctDNA的结合常数大小分别为2.65×10~4、4.91×10~4、7.33×10~4 L/mol;三种化合物均能使ctDNA的正CD带(276 nm)增加,负CD带(246 nm)发生轻微的减小,且浓度越大,谱带变化越明显;三种化合物的存在条件下,ctDNA的熔点分别增加了1.75、2.51和6.63℃,且ctDNA粘度均有所增加。综合光谱学和粘度实验的结果,推断三种化合物与DNA的作用方式均为经典的嵌插方式,且作用强度大小为:ANSNSL。     

金属离子Cu2+、Ca2+和Mg2+对抗蚜威与DNA结合作用的影响

在人体生理酸度(pH7.4)下,运用紫外、荧光光谱法和DNA 熔点实验研究抗蚜威与小牛胸腺DNA 的作用方式以及Cu2+、Ca2+ 和Mg2+ 分别对两者结合的影响。溴化乙锭(EB)竞争实验和DNA 熔点测定结果表明,抗蚜威主要是通过嵌插方式与DNA 碱基发生作用。3 种金属离子均能与抗蚜威络合,络合物的生成使体系的紫外吸收峰强度和形状发生改变,并能不同程度地猝灭DNA-EB 复合物的荧光;Cu2+、Ca2+ 的存在使DNA- 抗蚜威复合物的结合常数呈现先减弱后增强的趋势,而Mg2+ 的参与能增强两者之间的结合。由此推断出,金属离子对抗蚜威与DNA 结合的影响主要取决于金属离子与DNA 的碱基和磷酸基团间结合的相对亲和比。     

单宁酸络合镁与DNA的作用机制研究

单宁酸(tannic acid,TA)具有抑菌性、抗氧化性性能,镁离子具有重要的生理调节作用,通过络合反应将单宁酸和氯化镁制备成单宁酸络合镁(tannic acid complexing magnesium,T-Mg)。为了进一步了解T-Mg的一些功能,本文利用紫外光谱法、荧光光谱法、黏度法和热变性等方法在体外模拟体内环境研究了单宁酸络合镁与脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)的相互作用方式并进行分析。T-Mg与DNA相互作用后,随着DNA浓度的增加,T-Mg-DNA体系紫外吸收峰呈现先减色效应和微弱的红移,最大减色率为1.82%,后增色效应,增色率为5.2%;采用摩尔比法,在pH=7.4的缓冲溶液中,25℃时,最大吸收波长222nm处,求得T-Mg与DNA结合比为n(T-Mg):n(DNA)=5.88:1,结合常数为6.20×10~7L/mol;由于T-Mg嵌入到DNA碱基对之间,使得T-Mg-DNA体系荧光吸收强度增强,最大增幅为2.14倍。黏度法和热变性法表明,T-Mg可使DNA的黏度降低、热变性温度升高,进一步证实了T-Mg与DNA之间作用方式为以T-Mg部分插入为主导,镁离子促进了T-Mg和DNA之间的作用。     

离子液体-超声辅助萃取-高效液相色谱测定桑叶中黄酮

目的:建立以离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑溴化盐([BMIM]Br)为萃取剂,结合超声辅助萃取,利用高效液相色谱法同时分离测定桑叶中的桑色素、槲皮素和山奈酚3种黄酮的方法。方法:采用Phenomenex C18色谱柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm);流动相为甲醇-0.1%磷酸溶液,采用梯度洗脱;流速1.0mL/min;紫外检测波长365nm;柱温为34℃。结果:该方法对桑色素、槲皮素和山奈酚分别在0.0065～130、0.0064～128、0.0042～84μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)均大于0.9998,检出限(RSN=3)依次为0.99、1.31、0.64ng/mL;样品回收率为90.00%～95.31%。结论:本法操作简单快速、定量准确、灵敏度高、成本低、且对环境友好,为桑叶中黄酮化合物的检测及分离提供了一个有效的科学方法。     

黄酮类食用天然色素抗氧活性的研究

利用DPPH法对四种黄酮类食用天然色素的研究发现：它们都具有抗氧活性,有的可与BHT相比美,比紫外光谱和黄酮含量的分析说明了四种色素的抗氧活性与黄酮化合物含量及结构的关系,为进一步拓宽黄酮类食用天我色素的应用,提供科学依据。     

二氢杨梅素对鲢鱼肌球蛋白理化性质及蛋白构象的影响

目的 探究二氢杨梅素对鲢鱼肌球蛋白理化性质及蛋白构象的影响机制,以及不同浓度二氢杨梅素对鲢鱼肌球蛋白的作用效果。方法 向鲢鱼肌球蛋白溶液中加入不同浓度的二氢杨梅素储备液,使溶液中的二氢杨梅素浓度为1×10^-5、2×10^-5、3×10^-5、4×10^-5、5×10^-5 mol/L,并设对照组(二氢杨梅素浓度为0 mol/L)。测定蛋白溶解度、浊度、总巯基含量的变化,检测混合液的傅里叶变换红外光谱、近紫外吸收光谱与内源荧光光谱。结果 鲢鱼肌球蛋白溶液添加二氢杨梅素后的混合液相较于对照组,蛋白溶解度先升高后降低,蛋白聚集程度显著提升,总巯基含量先升高后降低。傅里叶变换红外光谱在1700～1600 cm^-1与1600～1500 cm^-1两个波长区间出现最高的吸收峰,峰的位置略有蓝移,侧链基团受到二氢杨梅素的影响,二级结构发生改变。内源荧光光谱的最大吸收峰位置发生红移,近紫外吸收光谱的酪氨酸与色氨酸吸收峰位置略有红移,三级结构发生改变。综合考虑二...     

枸杞叶黄酮提取物的组成及初步结构表征

本文采用高温乙醇回流法得到一种枸杞叶黄酮提取物,经硝酸铝-亚硝酸钠比色法测定该提取物的总黄酮含量为347.00 mg/g。采用紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)对其进行初步结构表征,发现枸杞叶黄酮提取物的UV-Vis谱图中含有A-环苯甲酰和B-环肉桂酰系统的特征吸收峰,其FT-IR谱图也显示有C=C、羟基、酚羟基、甲氧基以及甲基等多种特征官能团的振动吸收峰,具有黄酮类化合物的典型结构。通过高效液相色谱(HPLC)测定枸杞叶黄酮提取物中各黄酮类化合物的组成与含量,得出该提取物含有芦丁、绿原酸、槲皮素、咖啡酸、对香豆酸、山奈酚6种黄酮类化合物,含量分别为100.74、0.31、23.59、42.83、2.94、0.08 mg/g,表明提取物是一种富含芦丁、绿原酸和槲皮素的天然黄酮类物质,在天然食品添加剂和功能食品原料等方面具有开发利用价值。     

Determination of red wine flavonoids by HPLC and effect of aging

A new method for simultaneous determination of 10 flavonols and 2 flavones by high performance liquid chromatography was developed in this paper. The identified compounds contained quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, rhamnetin, isorhamnetin, quercetrin, rutin, morin, galangin, fisetin, apigenin and luteolin. The chromatographic separation of these flavonoids was performed in a single run by using the mobile phase gradient elution of acetonitrile–methanol–water mixture (1% tetrahydrofuran, THF) at 20 °C, with the flow rate at 1.0 ml/min and the detection wavelength at 360 nm. With direct injection of wine samples, seven red wine samples, differing in their origin of producing places and time, were analyzed for flavonoids content by this method. The results showed the presence of myricetin, luteolin, quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin and galanin. Additionally, the changes of flavonoids in red wines stored in the three types of oak barrels with aging time were investigated, which indicated that the component of flavonoids in red wine is related to wine aging greatly. These provide a substantial basis for the further research on control of flavonoids during winemaking.     

A critical evaluation on the reliability of two aluminum chloride chelation methods for quantification of flavonoids

Flavonols kaempferol, quercetin, myricetin and gossypetin, and flavones apigenin, acacetin, luteolin, orientin and tricin, are subjected to two AlCl(3) spectrophotometric methods used for determination of total flavonoid content. The method developed by Woisky and Salatino involves addition of AlCl(3) solution to the flavonoid solution and recording of optical density at 420nm. All flavonols except kaempferol have absorption maxima above 440nm and so readings at 420nm are erroneous. Among flavones, all except for luteolin and orientin, have absorption maxima below 400nm. Further, addition of CH(3)COOK and recording the absorbance at 415nm, as modified by Chang et al., works well for flavonols kaempferol, quercetin and myricetin, but not for gossypetin. The flavones luteolin and orientin absorbed above 400nm, whereas all others absorbed below 400nm. Examination of the results of both methods indicates they are inadequate, and should not to be considered as universal and standard methods for total flavonoid determination.     

天山北麓产区5个不同红色酿酒葡萄品种非花色苷酚类物质的积累特性

本试验为研究天山北麓产区5个不同红色酿酒葡萄品种非花色苷酚积累特性,选取五家渠产区5个红色酿酒葡萄品种,对其生长发育期黄酮醇和黄烷-3-醇含量及组成进行检测。其中黄酮醇包括:槲皮素、山奈酚和杨酶酮三大类。结果表明:‘赤霞珠’在花后12周时,槲皮素、山奈酚和杨酶酮三类物质都达到最大值0.122 mg/g、0.015 mg/g、0.065 mg/g;‘品丽珠’的槲皮素类物质在花后12周达到最大值0.500 mg/g,山奈酚和杨酶酮类物质在16周时达到最大值0.092 mg/g、0.068 mg/g;‘西拉’的山奈酚在14周时达到最大值0.043mg/g,而杨酶酮在16周时达到最大值0.042mg/g;‘小味尔多’的山奈酚和杨酶酮物质都在16周时达到最大值0.050mg/g、0.035 mg/g;‘马瑟兰’的山奈酚和杨酶酮分别在12和14周时达到最大值0.013 mg/g、0.077 mg/g。通过对5个品种的黄酮醇和黄烷-3-醇物质进行主成分分析,发现‘西拉’的黄烷-3-醇相对含量较高,‘小味尔多’山奈酚相对含量较高,‘赤霞珠’和‘马瑟兰’的槲皮素类物质相对含量较高。试验表明5个品种在该产区的积累特性各不相同,能直观反应各品种在该产区的表现,为日后天山北麓产区葡萄栽培和酿造提供更多帮助。     

Phenols,proanthocyanidins, flavones and flavonols in some plant materials and their antioxidant activities

Methanol extracts prepared from five plant materials native to the Mediterranean area, namely olive tree (Olea europaea) leaf, St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum), hawthorn (Crataegus laevigata), oregano (Origanum vulgare) and laurel leaf (Lauris nobilis), were examined for their phenolic components. Total phenolic content was determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu method. The content of proanthocyanidins in acid-hydrolysed extracts was determined spectrophotometrically. The contents of free flavones (apigenin and luteolin) and flavonols (kaempferol, myricetin and quercetin) were determined by HPLC analysis. The time of hydrolysis of flavones, flavonols and proanthocyanidins was optimised.Antioxidant activities of apigenin, luteolin, kaempferol, myricetin, quercetin and of plant extracts were examined. Antioxidative activities were studied in sunflower oil at 98 °C, by measuring peroxide value, and in an aqueous emulsion system of β-carotene and linoleic acid by measuring the absorbance of the sample. Among flavones and flavonols investigated, only myricetin inhibited oxidation of sunflower oil. All other flavones and flavonols showed pro-oxidative activity. Oppositely, in the emulsion system, only apigenin showed pro-oxidative activity while other flavones and flavonols and plant extracts inhibited oxidation of β-carotene.     

绿茶茶汤中黄酮醇及其苷类的测定方法以及对茶汤色度的影响

黄酮醇及其苷类物质是构成绿茶汤色的重要组分。绿茶中含有20多种黄酮醇及其苷类物质,其中以槲皮素、杨梅素、山柰素的3种苷类物质为主。文中采用高效液相色谱法研究了绿茶茶汤酸水解前后槲皮素、杨梅素、山柰素的含量变化,建立了黄酮醇及其苷类含量的检测方法。利用正交实验方法得到茶汤水解的优化条件为:5 mL的茶汤中加15 mL纯甲醇、5 mL 6 mol/L HCl,在75℃下水解时间2h,芦丁的平均水解率为82.74%。对不同贮藏期间茶汤色度与黄酮醇及其苷类的相关性进行了研究,结果表明:茶汤贮藏过程中随着茶汤的红绿度(a)和黄蓝度(b)不断升高,杨梅素苷含量逐步下降,杨梅素苷与茶汤的红绿度、黄蓝度的相关系数分别为:-0.982 1、-0.882 6,但与茶汤明亮度(L)的相关性不显著。槲皮素和山柰素及其苷类与茶汤色泽变化关系不密切。     

浸渍酶对蛇龙珠葡萄酒酿造过程中类黄酮化合物变化的影响

研究了浸渍酶Lallzyme Ex-V对蛇龙珠葡萄酒酿造过程中(从酒精发酵到橡木桶贮藏12个月)类黄酮动态变化的影响。结果显示,经浸渍酶处理加快了儿茶素、表儿茶素、杨梅素、山奈酚和槲皮素等5种类黄酮化合物在葡萄酒酒精发酵期间的浸提速度,但不影响杨梅素和槲皮素在后续酿造过程中的含量,杨梅素在葡萄酒酒精发酵结束后含量逐步下降,槲皮素在橡木桶陈酿期间含量逐渐增加;酶处理对儿茶素和表儿茶素的影响一直持续到苹-乳发酵的第2周,酶处理酒中儿茶素和表儿茶素的含量高于对照;浸渍酶对山奈酚含量的影响一直持续到橡木桶陈酿3个月,处理酒中的含量高于对照。     

Changes of flavonol synthase and flavonol contents during grape berry development

Flavonols as an important kind of flavonoids not only have many defense-related functions, but also play an important role as potent antioxidants. Flavonol synthase (FLS) as the key enzyme in flavonol synthesis determines the final contents of flavonols in plant materials. The objective of this work was to study the changes of total flavonol content, free flavonol content, the individual flavonol aglycone contents and the two flavones (luteolin and apigenin) contents during grape berry development. The activity and the amount of the changes of FLS during grape berry development were also estimated. The results showed that quercetin, myricetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin and galangin were detectable during grape berry development, and quercetin aglycone predominated in the total flavonol content in rapid growth phase, lag growth phase and the latter part of the ripening phase, myricetin aglycone witnessed a great increase at veraison, although kaempferol, isorhamnetin and galangin only accounted for a little part of the total flavonol contents but their individual contents all increased after veraison and kaempferol witnessed its highest content at the ripening phase. When it came to the contents of total phenols, total flavonoids, total flavonols and free flavonols, all of them showed accumulated peaks at both the rapid growth phase and the ripening phase. The result of FLS activity had a highly positive correlation with the total contents of flavonols, and the immunoblotting analysis detected two proteins whose signal intensities were in accordance with the FLS activities.     

基于代谢组学分析不同颜色花生红衣的组成差异

以不同颜色花生红衣为研究对象,采用液相色谱-质谱非靶向代谢组学方法,研究花生红衣品种间的差异代谢物及代谢通路。主成分分析结果表明,不同品种的花生红衣存在较大的代谢差异。依据正交偏最小二乘法模型的变量重要性投影值可分离出16 种差异代谢物,颜色较深的花生红衣山柰酚和表儿茶素-(4α→8)-没食子儿茶素-(4α→8)-儿茶素含量明显较多,且随着红衣颜色的加深,原花青素、杨梅素和槲皮素含量显著升高（P＜0.05）。富集差异代谢物的代谢通路共4 条,其中最显著的为黄酮和黄酮醇生物合成途径,山柰酚、槲皮素、杨梅素和芦丁等差异代谢物参与此通路,且颜色较深的花生红衣中山柰酚代谢旺盛,颜色较浅的花生红衣中杨梅素和槲皮素代谢旺盛,合成量较多。