混杂纤维增强水泥基复合材料的力学性能

研究了化学改性聚丙烯（PP）纤维以及掺加聚丙烯纤维和芳纶纤维混杂比例和混杂效应对水泥基复合材料力学性能的影响,并构建了纤维增强水泥砂浆界面层的物理模型,描述了纤维对水泥砂浆的增强机制。实验表明,聚丙烯纤维经改性后使水泥砂浆前期抗折强度明显提高,聚丙烯纤维和芳纶纤维的混杂使水泥砂浆的后期抗折强度显著提高。改性聚丙烯纤维掺加体积分数为0.56%,芳纶纤维的体积分数为0.24%时,混杂纤维增强水泥砂浆试样较空白试样,3天、28天抗折强度分别提高了18.48%、31.17%,3天、28天抗压强度分别提高了7.16%、5.19%。     

磁场诱导定向碳纤维增强水泥砂浆的力学性能

首次利用磁场诱导定向技术,制备了具有明显择优取向的碳纤维增强水泥砂浆,表征与测试了不同水灰比、龄期和纤维掺量的水泥砂浆的碳纤维取向、抗压和劈裂抗拉强度,研究了碳纤维的取向性对力学性能提升效果的影响。结果表明:水灰比、纤维掺量对碳纤维的取向性有显著影响;相较于无择优取向的普通碳纤维增强水泥砂浆,经磁场诱导定向的碳纤维增强水泥砂浆的劈裂抗拉强度有显著增加,而抗压强度无明显变化;相同水灰比下,纤维取向和纤维掺量是影响定向碳纤维增强水泥砂浆劈裂抗拉强度的主要因素。其中,定向碳纤维增强水泥砂浆劈裂抗拉强度增强效率的最佳碳纤维掺量为水泥的0.50%。      

玄武岩/聚丙烯纤维水泥砂浆的力学性能与抗裂性

研究了玄武岩纤维、聚丙烯纤维单独和混杂掺加对水泥砂浆工作性、力学性能和抗裂性的影响.结果表明,在掺率为0.075%～0.20%(体积分数)的范围内,单独掺加玄武岩纤维和聚丙烯纤维均可以不同程度地提高水泥砂浆的抗折强度和早期抗压强度,而对28d抗压强度均有不利影响;在体积掺率相同的情况下,掺加玄武岩纤维的砂浆比掺加聚丙烯纤维的砂浆具有更好的力学性能;玄武岩纤维与聚丙烯纤维以适当比例混杂掺加时,可以得到较掺加单一种类纤维更好的效果;混杂纤维可以有效地改善水泥砂浆的韧性,提高水泥砂浆的抗裂性能.     

Effect of shrinkage reducing admixture on flexural behaviors of fiber reinforced cementitious composites

The use of shrinkage reducing admixture (SRA) at various concentrations was investigated in fiber reinforced cementitious composites. Both mortar and high strength concrete (HSC) matrices were tested. Two types of fibers—steel and polypropylene—were assessed. The effect of SRA was measured on the fundamental properties such as surface tension of the bulk fluids and the contact angle developed between the fibers and the bulk fluids, on the fresh properties such as the air content and the density, and finally on the hardened mechanical properties, specially the flexural behaviors. It was noted that SRA enhances the wettability of fibers and reduces the air content of fiber reinforced cement mortars, while critical SRA concentrations are existing. SRA with critical concentration can significantly improve the flexural toughness and residual strength of steel fiber reinforced cement mortar. In the case of polypropylene fiber, SRA is not as effective in enhancing the flexural behaviors as it is in the case of steel fiber. SRA is generally ineffective in reducing the air content of HSC and the properties of steel fiber reinforced HSC with SRA are inferior to those without SRA.     

Use of biochar-coated polypropylene fibers for carbon sequestration and physical improvement of mortar

Biochar is widely recognized as an effective material for sequestration of carbon dioxide. The possibility of using it as a coating material on polypropylene fibers to improve mechanical properties and permeability mortar is explored in this study. Effectiveness of two types of biochar – fresh biochar and biochar saturated with carbon dioxide prior to application as coating – on compressive and flexural strength, post-cracking behavior and permeability of mortar is studied. The biochar used was derived from mixed wood saw dust by pyrolysis at 300 °C. Experimental results show that application of fresh biochar coating offer significant improvement in compressive strength and flexural strength of mortar. Residual strength and post-cracking ductility of mortar with biochar coated fibers is found to be higher than control samples, although fresh biochar coating offers the best performance. Mortar with polypropylene fibers coated with fresh biochar shows higher impermeability, compared to reference samples and mortar with saturated biochar coated fibers. The findings suggest that biochar coating could be a potential solution to improve properties of fiber reinforced cementitious composites that also promotes waste recycling and carbon sequestration.     

掺PVA纤维的抗裂改性水泥的性能与应用研究

抗裂性差是水泥基材料存在的主要问题之一,严重影响水泥基材料物理力学性能和耐久性。本文对掺PVA纤维的抗裂改性水泥的性能与应用进行了研究。结果表明,与普通水泥砂浆相比,掺PVA纤维的抗裂砂浆的强度、变形性能、抗裂性和耐久性均具有明显改善。PVA纤维增强抗裂砂浆技术在工程中得到了实际的应用。     

An experimental study on the residual mechanical properties of fiber reinforced concrete with high temperature and load

The effects of high temperature and fiber content on the residual mechanical properties of concrete have experimentally investigated. In this paper, residual mechanical properties of high-strength and normal strength concretes made with different water to cement (w/c; 0.55, 0.42 and 0.32) ratios exposed to high temperature were compared with those obtained in fiber reinforced concretes with similar characteristics ranging from 0.05 to 0.20 % polypropylene (PP) fibers by volume of concrete. Also, variables including pre-load level of 20 and 40 % of the maximum load at room temperature were considered. Concrete specimens prepared with the variables were tested for outbreak time, thermal strain, length change, weight loss, compressive strength, modulus of elasticity and energy absorption capacity. It is seen that the cross-sectional area of PP fiber can influence the residual mechanical properties and the spalling tendency of concrete of fiber reinforced concrete exposed to high temperature from the results. Especially, the external loading influenced to increase not only the residual mechanical properties of concrete but also the risk of spalling and the brittle failure tendency.     

纤维对超高性能混凝土残余强度及高温爆裂性能的影响

采用普通原材料制备56 d龄期抗压强度为140~160 MPa的空白组超高性能混凝土、钢纤维超高性能混凝土及混杂纤维超高性能混凝土,测定其遭受高温作用后的残余抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度,并对100%含湿量的混凝土试块进行高温爆裂试验。此外,测定大小2种加热速率对超高性能混凝土高温爆裂行为的影响。结果表明:所配制混凝土的残余抗压强度均随着目标温度的升高呈现先增大再降低的趋势,800℃高温后的残余抗压强度约为常温强度的30%。钢纤维与混杂纤维混凝土的残余劈裂抗拉强度亦呈现先升高再降低的趋势,800℃高温后的残余劈裂抗拉强度分别为常温强度的15.1%和35.4%。空白组混凝土的残余劈裂抗拉强度随着目标温度的升高而单调下降,800℃高温后的强度值约为常温强度的20.3%。7.5℃/min加热速率下,100%含湿量的3种混凝土试块均发生了严重高温爆裂,单掺钢纤维可以改善超高性能混凝土的高温爆裂,但不能避免爆裂的发生,而混杂纤维对超高性能混凝土高温爆裂的改善效果并未显著优于钢纤维。2.5℃/min加热速率下,混杂纤维可避免部分超高性能混凝土试块发生爆裂。      

Micro VS. Macro Reinforcement of Brickwork Masonry

In this paper the effect of different modifications of mortar on the behaviour of brick masonry has been experimentally studied. Two modifications of ordinary cement lime rich mortar were made by introducing polypropylene fibres (micro reinforcement) and by reinforcing mortar bed joints by means of non-metallic meshes (macro reinforcement). Experimental tests were carried on the constituents of the masonry, as well as on masonry specimens consisting of wallettes and panels. Following different methodologies of testing masonry by means of compressive, diagonal and shear tests, the results of the investigation revealed that by reinforcing masonry material both compressive and tensile (shear) strength could be improved. Also from the results of the different test methods, it has been concluded that diagonal tests are not suitable for investigations of reinforced masonry.     

Crack/fiber interaction and crack growth resistance behavior in microfiber reinforced mortar specimens

Performance enhancement due to microfibers is well known. However, fracture processes that lead to strain hardening behavior in microfiber reinforced composites are not well understood. Crack growth resistance behavior of mortar reinforced with steel microfibers and polypropylene microfibers was investigated in-situ during load application. The polypropylene fibers were inter-ground in the cement mill to enhance the fiber/matrix interfacial frictional stress. A more homogeneous fiber distribution was observed in the inter-ground polypropylene composites compared to the steel microfiber reinforced composites. In steel microfiber reinforced composites the dominant toughening mechanisms were multiple microcracking and successive debonding along the fiber/matrix interface. Fiber pullout, the dominant mechanism in conventional macrofiber reinforced composites was rarely observed. In-situ observation of crack/fiber interaction in the inter-ground polymer fibers also revealed multiple microcracking along the length of the fibers followed by fiber pullout.     

纤维增强水泥基复合材料压剪破坏的细观实验研究

对聚丙烯纤维和钢纤维增强水泥砂浆复合材料和混凝土复合材料进行了MTS 准静态单轴压缩实验和压剪加载条件下的细观力学实验研究。比较两类纤维在这两种加载条件下的作用发现: 在单轴压缩条件下, 钢纤维作用显著, 聚丙烯纤维基本没有什么作用;在压剪加载条件下, 钢纤维在材料各个变形阶段均起明显作用, 聚丙烯纤维在加载过程中起到一定的作用, 但由于含量较少对材料的极限荷载基本没有贡献。在细观实验中, 观察到了钢纤维和碎石颗粒在材料破坏过程中脱粘与断裂的作用方式。但只是在水泥砂浆试件的局部观察到了孔洞崩塌现象, 对于其促成压缩带形成的机理尚须深入的工作。     

Effect of Y type polypropylene fiber on plastic shrinkage cracking of cement mortar

The effect of Y type polypropylene fiber on plastic shrinkage cracking of cement mortar was studied. The test results showed that crack width and the total weighted cracking value decreased when Y type polypropylene fiber was added to the cement mortar. The effect of the fiber on plastic shrinkage cracking resistance increased with an increase in fiber volume fraction in the range of 0.05% to 0.15%. The total weighted cracking value decreased by about 88% at a fiber volume fraction of 0.15%. It was also found that, under these experimental conditions, the total weighted cracking value conformed to a trivariable linear regression equation with fiber volume fraction, temperature and relative humidity as variables. The relative importance of these three variables on plastic shrinkage cracking was fiber content>temperature>relative humidity.     

Reinforcement effects of polyvinyl alcohol and polypropylene fibers on flexural behaviors of sulfoaluminate cement matrices

The fracture behavior of unoiled/uncoated polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber reinforced sulphoaluminate cement (SAC) matrices was experimentally investigated and compared with those of polypropylene (PP) fiber reinforced SAC and PVA fiber reinforced Portland cement (PC) matrices in this study. In the experimental investigation, three-point bending tests were carried out for notched fiber reinforced cement beams. Special attentions were paid on their deflection-hardening and multiple crack patterns. The different flexural behaviors between the plain SAC and PC matrices were evaluated using the double-K fracture model. The results indicate that the PVA fiber reinforced SAC matrices exhibited better flexural behaviors when compared with the PVA fiber reinforced PC matrix having comparable matrix strength. The bond strength between SAC matrix and PVA fiber are relatively better than that between the counterpart PC matrix and PVA fiber, while the bond strength between SAC matrix and PVA fiber is obviously stronger than that between the SAC and PP fibers.     

纤维网格增强超高韧性水泥复合材料加固混凝土圆柱受压性能试验

为提升纤维增强聚合物复合材料（FRP）在加固材料中的优势和发挥效率,同时克服传统纤维网格增强砂浆的抗裂性差的缺点,将超高韧性水泥基材料（ECC）替代砂浆作为FRP网格无机黏结剂的新型复合材料已被提出,但仍缺乏相关的基础研究。本文以新型聚乙烯型ECC为基材,重点研究FRP grid/ECC加固混凝土柱的加固机制。以标准混凝土圆柱为试验对象,采用新型ECC材料为基材的FRP grid/ECC复合材料,以不同强度素混凝土、不同网格材料（玄武岩纤维增强聚合物复合材料（BFRP）与碳纤维增强聚合物复合材料（CFRP）网格）为试验变量,研究了该加固方式下对混凝土轴心受压性能的影响。试验结果表明,该加固方法可有效改善素混凝土脆性压溃破坏模式,提高峰值强度及受压延性。基于FRP grid/ECC材性特征,提出两阶段FRP grid/ECC加固机制,并基于该机制提出加固素混凝土圆柱承载力计算方法。      

化学改性芳纶纤维增强水泥基复合材料的性能

采用化学改性法对芳纶纤维进行表面处理, 研究了改性前后芳纶纤维对水泥基复合材料强度及抗冲击性能的影响。结果表明: 芳纶纤维的掺入可以提高水泥砂浆的抗折强度和抗冲击性能, 经化学改性后的芳纶纤维增强效果更加明显。当掺杂纤维的体积分数为1.0%时, 化学改性前后芳纶纤维增强水泥砂浆试样与基准砂浆试样相比, 其28天抗折强度分别提高了15.18%和23.85%, 抗冲击韧性分别提高了276.74%和294.54%。采用SEM对芳纶纤维表面微观形貌及试样断口形貌进行了观察, 利用XPS对改性前后芳纶纤维表面元素变化进行了研究, 探讨了芳纶纤维对水泥砂浆的增强机制。      

聚丙烯纤维水泥稳定碎石断裂性能试验研究

通过30个尺寸为100mm×100mm×515mm的聚丙烯纤维水泥稳定碎石和普通水泥稳定碎石三点弯曲试件断裂试验,探讨了聚丙烯纤维对水泥稳定碎石断裂韧度(KIC)、断裂能(GF)、临界裂缝嘴张开位移(CMODC)、临界裂缝尖端张开位移(CTODC)、极限裂缝嘴张开位移(CMODmax)和极限裂缝尖端张开位移(CTODmax)的影响。试验结果表明:聚丙烯纤维的掺入可增大水泥稳定碎石的断裂韧度、断裂能、临界裂缝嘴张开位移、极限裂缝嘴张开位移、临界裂缝尖端张开位移和极限裂缝尖端张开位移;随着聚丙烯纤维体积掺量的增加,断裂韧度、临界裂缝嘴张开位移和临界裂缝尖端位移的变化无明显规律,但断裂能、极限裂缝嘴张开位移和极限裂缝尖端位移基本上呈线性增加的。     

高温作用后聚丙烯纤维混凝土的抗冻性

本文开展了高温作用后的聚丙烯纤维混凝土冻融循环试验,研究分析了高温与冻融循环耦合作用下聚丙烯纤维混凝土抗冻性能的退化规律,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究分析了聚丙烯纤维混凝土细微观结构损伤特征。研究表明,高温对混凝土的抗冻性有显著影响,经历温度越高,混凝土抗冻性越差。高温和冻融循环的耦合作用加速了混凝土动弹性模量和抗压强度的衰减,掺入适量的聚丙烯纤维能够改善和提高混凝土高温损伤后的抗冻性能。     

Effect of reinforced fiber length on the joint performance of thermoplastic leaf spring

Joint strength plays a significant role in the performance of leaf spring suspension system. Current work reported the influence of reinforced fiber length on the performance of injection molded thermoplastic leaf spring joint. Leaf springs were molded using 20% short, long glass fiber reinforced polypropylene as well as unreinforced polypropylene and evaluated for the joint strength. Servo hydraulic test facility with suitable fixture is utilized to evaluate the leaf spring joint performance under static and dynamic conditions. Test joints were subjected to completely reversed fatigue loads, wherein long fiber reinforced leaf spring joint exhibited superior performance at high cycle fatigue conditions than that of short fiber reinforced and unreinforced polypropylene leaf spring joints. However, at low cycle fatigue loading conditions, unreinforced and short glass fiber reinforced leaf spring exhibited superior performance than that of long glass fiber reinforced leaf spring joint. High notch sensitivity characteristics of the long glass fiber reinforced polypropylene material contributed to this inferior performance. Load–deflection hysteresis plot of the long glass fiber reinforced leaf spring joint under fatigue loading conditions exhibited a lesser amount of hole elongation compared to that of short glass fiber and unreinforced leaf spring joint. Failure morphology of tested joint under fatigue condition exhibited net-tension and shear-out failures besides bearing damages.     

高应变率下多尺寸聚丙烯纤维混凝土动态压缩力学性能研究

采用Φ74 mm的分离式霍普金森压杆(Split Hopkinson pressure bar,SHPB)试验装置,对两种尺寸聚丙烯细纤维和一种尺寸聚丙烯粗纤维单掺及混掺的混凝土试件进行冲击压缩试验,对比分析粗、细纤维及不同纤维掺量比的多尺寸纤维混凝土试件在五种不同应变率下的动态压缩强度、动态压缩变形、动态压缩韧性和破坏特征,研究聚丙烯纤维混凝土的动态压缩力学性能.结果表明:随应变率的增加,素混凝土及纤维混凝土的动态压缩强度、动态压缩变形和动态压缩韧性表现出显著的应变率效应;在试验应变率范围内,粗聚丙烯纤维混凝土的动态抗压强度最高,相对素混凝土增幅为132.36％～213.85％;多尺寸聚丙烯纤维混凝土的动态强度增长因子与素混凝土基本一致;掺入多尺寸聚丙烯纤维可有效增大混凝土在不同应变率下的动态峰值应变和动态极限应变;多尺寸聚丙烯纤维混凝土的动态极限韧性较高,其中细聚丙烯纤维含量为1.2 kg/m3时混凝土动态极限韧性最高,增幅为121.11％.     

Analysis of the strain-rate behavior of a basalt fiber reinforced natural hydraulic mortar

Fiber reinforced inorganic materials, such as concrete or mortars are expected to present good mechanical properties under high dynamic loading conditions, such as those induced by earthquakes. Furthermore, basalt fibers, which are being increasingly investigated in structural applications, are also expected to present good performance under high strain-rate conditions.This paper presents the results of a dynamic characterization of a basalt fiber reinforced natural hydraulic mortar, in order to verify its capability to withstand high dynamic loading conditions. In particular, the reinforced mortar was morphologically characterized by SEM and mercury intrusion porosimetry; then, quasi-static flexural and tensile tests were conducted. Finally, dynamic tensile failure tests were carried out at medium and high strain-rates, using a Hydropneumatic machine and a Modified Hopkinson bar apparatus, respectively. The results were elaborated to derive Dynamic Increase Factors for the tensile strength.The fiber addition leads to a bridge action effect, and consequently to a more ductile behavior and higher toughness of the fiber reinforced mortar compared to a plain mortar. In addition, the fiber reinforced mortar appears to be highly strain-rate sensitive, as the tensile strength DIF increased up to 5.1, for a high strain-rate of about 10² s⁻¹.