Recovery of Hydroxytyrosol Rich Extract from Two‐Phase Chemlali Olive Pomace by Chemical Treatment

Abstract: A very simple method is proposed to produce hydroxytyrosol, a commercially unavailable compound with well‐known biological properties which justify a potential commercial application. The 2‐phase Chemlali olive pomace is selected as substrate for chemical treatment. Different conditions of chemical treatment, including concentration of acid and alkaline solutions, time and temperature, were assayed. A high amount of hydroxytyrosol (1360 mg/kg of fresh 2‐phase olive pomace) was obtained using water bath after treatment at 80 °C for 90 min with 1 M of H₃PO₄. However, treatment of 2‐phase Chemlali olive pomace using autoclave apparatus could produce a large amount of hydroxytyrosol (1993.60 and 1515.88 mg/kg of fresh alperujo, 1 M acid and basic catalyst, respectively). By taking into consideration practical and economic aspects, acid‐catalyzed treatment was more effective using autoclave conditions, whereas the alkali catalyzed conditions were not very suitable. This study could provide useful information for industry to produce the potentially bioactive compound. Practical Application: The 2‐phase Chemlali olive pomace is selected as substrate for chemical treatment. Treatment of “alperujo” using water bath or autoclave apparatus was carried out. A high amount of hydroxytyrosol was obtained using autoclave apparatus.     

亚临界萃取回收橄榄果渣油的工艺研究

以1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷作萃取溶剂,利用亚临界萃取技术,考察了提取橄榄果渣油提取回收最佳实验条件.采取单因素和三因素三水平正交实验,研究了不同原料粒度、萃取温度和时间对提取率的影响.结果表明当原料粒度为60目,温度为30℃,时间为45 min时萃取效果最好,提取率为93.75％.     

响应面法优化橄榄果渣羟基酪醇提取工艺

本研究比较了超声辅助水解与振荡水浴水解提取橄榄果渣中羟基酪醇的工艺。在单因素实验基础上,以提取温度、盐酸浓度、料液比和水解时间为因素,以羟基酪醇提取量(mg/g)为指标,运用响应面法优化提取工艺。结果表明:羟基酪醇的最佳提取工艺为提取温度88 ℃、盐酸浓度1.2 mol/L、料液比 1:36 g/mL、水解时间86 min,此时羟基酪醇的实际提取量为(3.38±0.12) mg/g,与理论值无明显差异。经UPLC检测方法学考察,羟基酪醇在1.28~203.40 μg/g内线性范围关系良好,精密度与稳定性均达到检测要求。本研究对橄榄果渣中羟基酪醇提取工艺条件具有借鉴意义。     

响应面法优化柑橘果渣酶解工艺

以柑橘果渣为原料,研究果胶酶和纤维素酶对果渣出汁率的影响。通过单因素试验对影响柑橘果渣酶解出汁率的酶解温度、pH值、酶量、酶解时间四因素进行研究,并通过响应面分析法优化了果渣酶解工艺参数。结果表明:果渣酶解的最佳工艺参数为酶解温度49.17℃、pH4.23、混合酶酶量0.68mg/g、时间3.4h,在此条件下,果渣的出汁率为22.36%。     

Effect of the Addition of a Cocoa Butter–Like Fat Enzymatically Produced from Olive Pomace Oil on the Oxidative Stability of Cocoa Butter

ABSTRACT:  A cocoa butter (CB)–like fat was produced in a packed bed enzyme reactor using sn -1,3 specific lipase, and its blends with CB were prepared at different ratios (CB: CB-like fat; 100: 0, 90: 10, 80: 20, 70: 30, 60: 40, 50: 50, 0: 100). The oxidation kinetics of CB: CB-like fat blends was studied by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Samples were heated in DSC at different temperatures (130, 140, 150, 160 °C) under 100 mL/min oxygen. From DSC exotherms, oxidation induction times (OIT) were determined and used for the assessment of the oxidative stabilities of the blends. Oxidation kinetics parameters (activation energy, E_a ; preexponential factor, Z ; and oxidation rate constant, k ) were calculated. In general, it has been observed that above 110 °C increasing the ratio of CB-like fat in the blend increased the k value with increasing temperature. It has been observed that for all blends the increase in k value with temperature was significant ( P < 0.05). Increasing CB-like fat ratio in the blend decreased the content of major TAGs (1,3-dipalmitoyl-2-oleoyl-glycerol [POP]; 1[3]-palmitoyl-3[1]stearoyl-2-oleoyl-glycerol [POS]; 1,3-distearoyl-2-oleoyl-glycerol [SOS]), and decreased the oxidative stability of the blends.     

模糊综合评价法优化橄榄油微胶囊包埋工艺

利用魔芋胶和阿拉伯胶作复配壁材;用橄榄油作微胶囊芯材;应用乳液聚合-冷冻干燥技术制备橄榄油微胶囊。采用响应面实验设计,以微胶囊包埋率、产率和芯材载量为评价指标,通过模糊变换,建立模糊综合评价体系,优化橄榄油微胶囊包埋工艺。实验结果表明:橄榄油微胶囊最佳工艺参数为:壁材中魔芋胶含量74%、阿拉伯胶含量26%、乳化温度40℃、壁芯比5.7:1。在此条件下得到的橄榄油微胶囊包埋率为64.8%,载量为13.3%,产率为94.0%。橄榄油微胶囊在电镜下呈颗粒均匀、较为饱满的近似球形,粒径0.2~0.3 μm。橄榄油微胶囊化可提高其利用率和储存稳定性,同时可扩大橄榄油的应用范围。     

水酶法制取高芝麻素酚芝麻油的工艺优化

为制取高芝麻素酚含量的芝麻油,采用酶法从具有水解糖苷活性的酶中筛选出转化芝麻素酚能力强的酶,通过单因素试验以及响应面优化,确定了最优工艺条件。结果表明,Aromase H2酶在酶解芝麻素酚糖苷制备高芝麻素酚芝麻油中效果最好,在制取的芝麻油酸价达标条件下,酶解反应最佳条件为：酶解温度55 ℃、pH 4.5、酶解时间为9.2 h、Aromase H2酶添加量（质量分数）1%、料液比1∶1.3（g∶g）。制取的芝麻油中,芝麻素酚质量分数可达3 000 mg/kg,木脂素总量提高约23%。     

油橄榄果渣油的提取工艺及其脂肪酸组成研究

以油橄榄加工废渣为原料,研究了提取条件对果渣油提油率的影响.结果表明:果渣水分含量在10％以下时适宜果渣油的提取,最佳的萃取溶剂为正己烷;响应面法优化的正己烷萃取条件为提取转速200 r/min、提取时间3h、提取温度55℃、料液比1:9;在此优化条件下的预测提油率为9.46％,验证值为9.16％,模型预测精度达96.8％.气相色谱-质谱(GC -MS)分析结果表明,正己烷萃取的果渣油主要脂肪酸为油酸(68.73％)、棕榈酸(15.28％)、8,10-二甲氧基-十八烷酸(6.65％)、亚油酸(2.80％)、硬脂酸(2.78％)和棕榈油酸(0.97％),其主要脂肪酸组成与橄榄油类似.     

响应面试验优化超声波辅助水酶法提取松籽油工艺及其氧化稳定性

以红松松籽为原料,经超声波预处理后,利用水酶法提取松籽油,通过单因素试验及响应面试验研究松籽油提取工艺,并对其氧化稳定性进行分析。结果表明,松籽油提取的优化工艺条件为超声强度0.28 W/cm2、超声时间40 min、超声温度50 ℃、料液比1∶5（g/mL）、碱性蛋白酶加酶量1 427 U/g、酶解时间4.08 h、酶解温度44 ℃,在此条件下松籽油得率可以达到73.01%。温度、光照对松籽油氧化有显著促进作用,3 ℃以下避光贮藏松籽油可使其有良好的氧化稳定性。     

响应面试验优化红花籽油水酶法提取工艺

通过二水平因子分析设计和响应面试验,优化水酶法提取红花籽油工艺。以红花籽油提取率为指标,对酶的种类及添加比例、料液比、总加酶量、酶解时间、酶解温度、酶解p H值进行研究。结果表明:在木聚糖酶UTC-X50、果胶酶NCB3/ZG-040和碱性蛋白酶NCB3/ZG-002比例1∶2∶3(酶活比),总加酶量197.36 U/g,料液比1∶4(g/mL)条件下,先用细胞壁多糖酶(木聚糖酶、果胶酶)在p H 4.2、50℃酶解131 min,再用碱性蛋白酶在p H 9.8、40℃酶解60 min,此工艺条件下红花籽油提取率最高,为84.68%;采用气相色谱法分析脂肪酸组分,发现红花籽油中不饱和脂肪酸相对含量高达91.18%,其中亚油酸相对含量为78.27%,油酸相对含量为12.61%,亚麻酸相对含量为0.10%。     

优化水酶法提取鲐鱼鱼油的酶解条件

本文在液固比(W/F)、加酶量、酶解静置时间、pH、温度、搅拌速度六个单因素试验的基础上,以提油率为评价指标,利用响应面分析法优化了主要影响因素加酶量、pH、温度等酶法水解提取鲐鱼鱼油的条件。结果表明,最佳酶法水解条件为酶量为1000U/g原料、pH7.3、45℃。     

响应面法优化酶法水解提取鲨鱼鱼油条件

在液固比(W/F)、加酶量、酶解静置时间、pH、温度、搅拌速度六个单因素试验的基础上,利用响应面分析法对主要影响因素加酶量、pH、温度,以提油率为评价指标,对酶法水解提取鲨鱼鱼油条件研究。结果表明,最佳酶法水解条件为酶量530 U/g原料、pH7.1、45.7℃;同时四因素三水平的正交实验对萃取静置时间、萃取剂用量、温度、pH进行优化,以提油率为评价指标,结果表明,最佳萃取条件为静置6h、萃取剂用量100mL/20g原料、温度35℃、pH4.0。     

水酶法提取海滨锦葵籽仁油工艺条件优化

以海滨锦葵籽仁为原料,利用水酶法提取海滨锦葵籽仁油。通过单因素实验及中心组合实验研究了固液比、提取温度、酶用量、提取时间等因素对油脂出油率的影响,确定了水酶法提取海滨锦葵籽仁油的工艺条件。结果表明,在实验范围内各影响因素对海滨锦葵籽仁油提取率作用的大小依次为:酶用量>提取温度>固液比>提取时间。水酶法提取海滨锦葵籽仁油的优化工艺参数为:酶用量0.024 mL/g,提取温度63℃,固液比1∶6,提取时间230 min,在该工艺条件下海滨锦葵籽仁油提取率达到24.281%。     

响应面法优化葡萄皮渣中可溶性膳食纤维的酸法提取工艺

目的：利用响应面法对葡萄皮渣中可溶性膳食纤维的酸法提取工艺进行优化。方法：在单因素试验基础上选取试验因素与水平,根据Box-Behnken试验设计原理采用四因素三水平的响应面分析法,依据回归分析确定各工艺条件的影响因素,以可溶性膳食纤维得率为响应值作响应面和等高线图。结果：在分析各个因素的显著性和交互作用后,得出葡萄皮渣可溶性膳食纤维提取的最佳工艺为盐酸的浓度0.40mol/L、提取温度75℃、提取时间90min、料液比1:12(g/mL),在此工艺条件下可溶性膳食纤维得率为47.56mg/g。结论：响应面回归方程与实验结果拟合性好,此模型合理可靠,可用于实际预测。