共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
2003年5月21日,世界卫生组织(WHO)的192个成员国以全票通过了<烟草控制框架公约>(FCTC).<公约>中就烟草制品的包装和标签部分做出了规定.<公约>第11条要求缔约方在签署公约后3年内务必使烟包上健康警语的面积不少于主要可见部分的30%,且这些健康警语应使用本国主要语言.同时,<公约>还禁止卷烟产品的包装和标签使用具有误导性的描述词语,如"低焦油"、"淡味"、"超淡味"或"柔和"等,<公约>认为这样的词语可能会使消费者对产品的特征、对健康的危害与影响或对释放物产生错误印象,属于误导或欺骗行为.此外,<公约>还要求烟草制品包装必须明确标明原产国、最终销售目的地等信息,以防止烟草制品的非法贸易.<公约>的生效,将会对烟包设计产生很大的影响,使烟包设计趋向规范化.当前,烟包设计呈现出以下几个趋势. 相似文献
7.
8.
《烟草控制框架公约》(以下简称《公约》)是在世界卫生组织主持下达成的第一个具有法律效力的国际公共卫生条约。2005年2月27日《公约》正式生效后,缔约国必须严格遵守文件规定的各项条款。我国是《公约》的第77个正式签约国。2003年11月10日.中国常驻联合国代表王光亚代表中国政府签署了这一条约。 相似文献
9.
十届全国人大第十七次会议于2005年8月28日通过表决、批准世界卫生组织<烟草控制框架公约>将在我国生效. 相似文献
10.
随着秘鲁 2 0 0 4年 11月 30日正式批准《烟草控制框架公约》,成为第 4 0个批约国 ,公约生效条款中所规定的 4 0个国家批准的条件已经达到。根据世界卫生组织 12月 1日在日内瓦宣布的消息 ,公约将于 2 0 0 5年 2月 2 8日 ,即第 4 0份批准文书交存于保存人之日后第 90天 ,正式生 相似文献
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Objectives
To analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine from three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes, in order to estimate the stage of tobacco epidemic in Ukraine.Design
Repeated national interview surveys in Ukraine in 2001, 2002 and 2005.Main outcome measure
Prevalence of current smoking among the population aged ⩾15 years.Results
The age‐standardised prevalence of current smoking in Ukrainian men was 54.8% in 2001 and 66.8% in 2005. Among Ukrainian women, prevalence increased from 11.5% in 2001 to 20.0% in 2005. ORs for yearly increase in prevalence were estimated as 1.164 (95% CI 1.111 to 1.220) for men and 1.187 (1.124 to 1.253) for women, which implies that, on average, 3–4% of men and 1.5–2% of women living in Ukraine join the smoking population each year.Conclusions
In Ukraine, smoking prevalence is increasing in most population groups. Among men, the medium deprivation group with secondary education has the highest smoking prevalence. Among women, while the most educated, young and those living in larger cities are the leading group for tobacco use, other groups are also increasing their tobacco use. Tobacco promotion efforts appear to have been significantly more effective in Ukraine than smoking control efforts. The decrease in real cigarette prices in Ukraine in 2001–5 could be the main factor explaining the recent growth in smoking prevalence.Ukraine is a large eastern European country with high smoking prevalence. Tobacco products are widely available at very low prices, and the transnational tobacco industry is extremely successful in promoting its products and lobbying for its interests in the legislative field. Advocacy of tobacco control has only recently achieved some success in the legislative field, with the first tobacco control law being adopted in late 2005. Ukraine ratified the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in 2006, but there is still much cause for concern regarding the enforcement and effectiveness of the adopted legislative measures. Unfortunately, the government is not yet involved in nationwide surveillance of the tobacco problem, and the available data have mostly been gathered with funding from foreign donors. Several attempts have been made to measure the extent of the tobacco epidemic in the countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU).1,2,3,4,5,6,7 Most of these studies have shown rather high smoking prevalence among men (50–70%) and comparatively low prevalence among women (5–20%). Most countries in the FSU have similar smoking rates, while certain trends are shown to be related to the differences in how the transnational tobacco industry succeeds in every national tobacco market.6 Unfortunately, few studies have been published showing trends in smoking prevalence in the FSU.7 In Ukraine, two studies3,4 provided point estimates of smoking prevalence.The aim of this study was to analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine, on the basis of three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes in order to estimate the stage of the tobacco epidemic in Ukraine. 相似文献16.
了解河南省部分食品中重金属污染的现状。方法 在河南省18个省辖市采集8大类3 657份食品样品,按照国家标准检测食品中铅、镉和汞的含量,检测结果按照GB 2762—2012《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》进行评价。结果 河南省部分食品中铅含量的平均值为0.34 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.8%(320/3 656),其中粮食、肉类和蔬菜中超标率较高,分别为17.2%(95/552)、14.5%(85/587)和10.7%(57/534);部分食品中镉含量的平均值为0.054 mg/kg,总体超标率为3.9%(143/3 657),其中食用菌和蛋类中超标率较高,分别为9.6%(49/508)和8.1%(42/518);部分食品中汞含量的平均值为0.077 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.3%(303/3 657),其中蔬菜和粮食中超标率较高,分别为25.3%(135/534)和12.3%(68/551)。结论 河南省部分食品中铅、汞污染情况较为严重,其中粮食、蔬菜和肉类食品中污染情况尤为突出,需要加强监管。 相似文献
17.
18.
R. B. Sashidhar Y. Ramakrishna Ramesh V. Bhat 《Journal of Stored Products Research》1992,28(4):257-260
Various traditional containers have been used in India for storage of sorghum grains. Sorghum is susceptible to fungal infestation and toxin elaboration. The present study relates to the mould and mycotoxin contamination (aflatoxin B1 and T-2 toxin) in stored sorghum in different storage containers viz. “Kotlu” (Storage rooms), earthenware pots, gunny bags and reed baskets. Aspergillus sp. and Fusarium sp. were the prominent genera and the “Kotlu” form of storage was most susceptible to fungal attack. Storage treatment had little effect on fungal contamination, but despite the fungal infestation, the mycotoxin contamination was found to be very low. 相似文献
19.
20.
目的 了解山西省食源性致病菌的污染现状.方法 按照2010年度《全国食源性致病菌监测工作手册》进行.结果 1 576份样品中共检出阳性菌株149株,检出率为9.45%,其中单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、副溶血性弧菌污染比较严重,总检出率为9.50%和8.22%,金黄色葡萄球菌、阪崎肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的总检出率分别为3.02%、1.11%和0.87%.不同类别食品中致病菌的检出率差异较大,生肉中致病菌的检出率高居榜首为49.33%,主要污染菌为沙门氏菌、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌;沙拉中致病菌的检出率为17.39%,主要污染菌为单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌;生食水产品中致病菌的检出率为16.94%,主要污染菌为单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、副溶血性孤菌;熟肉制品中致病菌的检出率为9.84%,主要污染菌为单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌;中式凉拌菜中致病菌的检出率为8.89%,主要污染菌为金黄色葡萄球菌;鲜榨果汁中致病菌的检出率为6.67%,主要污染菌为金黄色葡萄球菌;鲜冻水产品中致病菌的检出率为5.00%,主要污染菌为副溶血性弧菌;婴幼儿配方粉/米粉/谷粉/豆奶粉中阪崎杆菌的检出率为1.11%.结论 山西省多种食品均存在食源性致病菌不同程度的污染,应加大对散装食品、即食食品和生食水产品的监管. 相似文献