超声喷丸对钢基体表面发黑膜耐蚀性的影响

目的通过对低碳钢基体进行超声喷丸前处理来提高其表面高温碱性发黑膜的耐蚀性。方法采用超声喷丸的方法在低碳钢表面获得剧烈变形层,达到组织细化的效果,并分别在超声喷丸处理前后的钢表面制备高温碱性发黑膜。通过微观观察、电化学极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱测试及全浸泡腐蚀试验,研究喷丸处理对转化膜形貌和耐蚀性的影响。结果超声喷丸处理后,钢基体表层组织显著细化、均匀化,喷丸表面形成的发黑膜结晶颗粒细小、均匀、致密。该膜层与未喷丸表面的发黑膜相比,自腐蚀电位提高了170 m V,自腐蚀电流密度降低了85%,膜层电阻增大1倍以上,并且耐盐水浸泡能力增强。结论超声喷丸的方法可以用于低碳钢表面的前处理,以提高其后续发黑膜的耐蚀性。     

玻璃喷丸处理提高304不锈钢焊接接头抗应力腐蚀性能的研究

基于对304不锈钢焊接试板表面喷丸处理前后的表层残余应力X射线衍射测量，研究了在42％沸腾MgCl2溶液中，表面玻璃喷丸和铸钢喷丸对304不锈钢焊接试板应力腐蚀开裂敏感性的影响，比较了采用不同铸钢喷丸和玻璃喷丸处理工艺的304不锈钢焊接试板抗应力腐蚀开裂的能力．试验结果表明：未喷丸处理的焊接试板6h就发生开裂，50％、100％覆盖率的铸钢喷丸焊接试板分别在试验310h和3500h开裂，而200％覆盖率的铸钢喷丸焊接试板，50％、100％、200％覆盖率的玻璃喷丸焊接试板经历3500h也未见开裂．因此，喷丸处理工艺能够很好地提高焊接构件抗应力腐蚀开裂能力；且在同样喷丸强度下，焊接接头经玻璃喷丸工艺处理后的抗应力腐蚀能力明显优于铸钢喷丸处理工艺．     

表面喷丸压力对304不锈钢应力腐蚀敏感性的影响

采用3种表面喷丸压力对304不锈钢板状试样进行强化处理。通过扫描电子显微镜分析了强化层的厚度和晶粒细化程度,采用显微硬度计检测了表层显微硬度分布。通过5%NaCl溶液中慢应变速率拉伸试验,比较了0.25、0.30和0.40 MPa喷丸压力处理后试样的应力腐蚀敏感性。结果表明：表面喷丸强化处理可以细化试样表层晶粒,提高硬度;随着喷丸压力的升高,试样表层晶粒层厚度增大,表面硬度提高,应力腐蚀敏感性指数降低。     

微弧氧化处理对AA7075铝合金在3.5%NaCl溶液中局部腐蚀行为的影响(英文)

采用微弧氧化法在AA7075铝合金上生成氧化铝膜层,并对氧化铝膜层在3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀和应力腐蚀开裂行为进行测试。采用电化学阻抗谱来研究膜层随浸泡时间的变化,构建合适的等效电路图。对常载荷应力腐蚀开裂测试后的试样进行金相观察。结果表明,微弧氧化膜可以有效避免富Cu、Fe金属间化合物相引发的严重局部腐蚀而导致的合金过早失效。     

多层氧化膜应力腐蚀开裂裂尖的微观力学特性

以氧化膜破裂理论和光电化学法的研究结论为基础,利用有限元分析方法对高温水环境中316不锈钢表面多层氧化膜应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)裂纹尖端微观力学状态进行了分析。结果表明:裂纹尖端区域的高应力应变区主要集中在氧化膜的Fe_3O_4层中;多层氧化膜中不同材料层的交界处均出现应力应变的突变;多层氧化膜中Cr_2O_3层和镍富集层的高应力是促使氧化膜强度减小并发生脆断的主要原因之一。     

激光喷丸与机械喷丸对304不锈钢应力腐蚀性能的影响

对304不锈钢板试样分别进行了激光喷丸与机械喷丸处理,采用X射线衍射仪分析了表层显微组织和晶粒尺寸的变化,通过慢应变速率拉伸腐蚀试验检测了应力腐蚀敏感性。结果表明,通过激光喷丸处理,表层晶粒得到了细化,但没有产生明显的马氏体相变,随着喷丸能量密度增大,应力腐蚀敏感性减小;而通过机械喷丸处理的试样,晶粒细化的同时诱发了明显的马氏体相变,随着喷丸压力升高,应力腐蚀敏感性呈现先减小后增大的变化趋势。     

保温层下不锈钢设备与管道应力腐蚀破裂的防护

本文简述了保温层下不锈钢设备与管道应力腐蚀破裂的发生机理以及采用的防护措施,包括正确选用保温材料及其外防护层、正确采用保温层下不锈钢外表面防护镀涂层、采用喷丸使不锈钢表面形成压缩应力以提高抗应力腐蚀破裂能力等。     

表面喷丸处理对车轮辐板腐蚀行为的影响

选取轧制车轮不同喷丸处理状态辐板表面,对辐板表面粗糙度、表面残余应力和表层显微硬度进行了测量,采用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了不同程度喷丸处理后车轮钢表层微观组织,通过盐雾加速腐蚀试验研究了不同表面喷丸状态试样的腐蚀行为。结果表明,在腐蚀时间较短时,不同喷丸状态试样均为均匀腐蚀,延长腐蚀时间,开始出现不均匀的坑状腐蚀。在试验周期内,充分喷丸试样的平均腐蚀速率最大,不充分喷丸试样和未喷丸试样的腐蚀速率基本相当。腐蚀速率的差异主要是由试样表面粗糙度、表层塑性变形程度和残余压应力等综合因素共同影响。     

喷丸处理对锆合金微动磨损及抗腐蚀性能的影响

目的探索喷丸处理工艺对锆合金包壳管的微动磨损及抗腐蚀性能的影响。方法对锆合金包壳管进行喷丸处理,对原始试样及喷丸处理试样进行微动磨损试验,并测量磨损深度和磨损体积、表征微动磨损后的表面粗糙度和表面形貌。此外,对原始试样及喷丸处理试样进行腐蚀试验,测量喷丸前后锆合金的腐蚀增重。结果喷丸处理使ZIRLO锆合金的磨损体积相对于未处理试样减少了5.7%。喷丸处理能够提高ZIRLO锆合金包壳管的硬度,但是高硬度区域较薄,约为4～8μm。腐蚀介质为去离子水和Li OH溶液时,喷丸试样的腐蚀增重分别经过140 d和220 d后低于原始试样。Li OH溶液条件下,未喷丸的ZIRLO合金管氧化膜的厚度约为15μm,喷丸后ZIRLO合金管氧化膜的厚度约为1.21μm。结论喷丸处理在一定程度上可以提高ZIRLO锆合金抗微动磨损性能和抗腐蚀性能,其中抗微动磨损性能有提高,但幅度不大,这与硬化层较薄有关。喷丸后试样经过腐蚀试验,腐蚀增重减少,氧化膜厚度减小,说明抗腐蚀性能增强,但喷丸试样的抗腐蚀性能在腐蚀进行到一定阶段时才开始体现。     

喷丸状态对受损铝合金抗应力腐蚀的影响

为分析喷丸状态对铝合金腐蚀损伤构件表面的应力腐蚀性能影响,采用四面、双面、不喷丸的7075铝合金试样,通过改变腐蚀溶液NaCl浓度、腐蚀溶液pH值、腐蚀温度、腐蚀时间以获得不同程度的腐蚀损伤,再将五类不同喷丸表面状态的铝合金试样进行慢拉伸速率试验对比。结果表明,预腐蚀前若进行四面喷丸,则铝合金的屈服强度、屈服应变、抗拉强度、断裂载荷分别提高了3.92%、0.60%、4.72%、9.52%。而抗拉强度对应的应变值、伸长率则分别降低了10.92%、15.26%。预腐蚀后若再次进行四面喷丸,则这些性能还会进一步提升或下降;相对于四面喷丸,双面喷丸试样应力腐蚀性能的变化小;腐蚀溶液NaCl浓度、腐蚀溶液pH值、腐蚀温度、腐蚀时间对应力腐蚀性能的影响程度为:pH值对屈服强度、抗拉强度、伸长率影响最小,温度对屈服强度影响最大,时间对抗拉强度、伸长率影响最大。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。