磁控溅射低温制备ZnO：Al透明导电膜及其特性研究

采用锌、铝(Al 2 wt.%)合金靶,真空腔温度保持在50 ℃,运用直流反应磁控溅射法制得系列的ZnO∶Al (ZAO)薄膜.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、分光光度计、半导体霍尔效应测试、红外发射率测试仪等手段对薄膜进行了表征.薄膜呈C轴择优取向的六角纤锌矿结构;具有致密平滑的表面形貌;最佳工艺下样品在550 nm波长处透过率达93%;最低电阻率为4.99×10-4 Ω穋m;8 μm～14 μm波段平均红外发射率在0.3～0.54之间.分析了溅射过程中氧流量百分比和功率对上述特性的影响及各特性间的关系,讨论了薄膜在8 μm～14 μm波段平均红外发射率与其方块电阻的关系.     

磁控溅射低温制备ZnO∶Al透明导电膜及其特性研究

采用锌、铝(Al 2 wt.%)合金靶,真空腔温度保持在50 ℃,运用直流反应磁控溅射法制得系列的ZnO∶Al (ZAO)薄膜.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、分光光度计、半导体霍尔效应测试、红外发射率测试仪等手段对薄膜进行了表征.薄膜呈C轴择优取向的六角纤锌矿结构;具有致密平滑的表面形貌;最佳工艺下样品在550 nm波长处透过率达93%;最低电阻率为4.99×10-4 Ω穋m;8 μm～14 μm波段平均红外发射率在0.3～0.54之间.分析了溅射过程中氧流量百分比和功率对上述特性的影响及各特性间的关系,讨论了薄膜在8 μm～14 μm波段平均红外发射率与其方块电阻的关系.     

直流磁控溅射制备ZAO透明导电薄膜及性能研究

运用直流磁控溅射法,采用ZAO陶瓷靶材(Al2O3相对含量2%(质量分数)),结合正交实验表通过改变制备工艺中的基片温度、溅射功率、氧流量百分比等参数,在普通玻璃衬底上制备得到ZnO∶Al(ZAO)透明导电薄膜。通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、荧光分光光度计、四探针测试仪对样品的晶体结构、表面形貌、光电性能进行表征分析。通过正交分析法得出直流磁控溅射法制备ZAO薄膜的最佳组合工艺为基片温度200℃,溅射功率40W,氧流量百分比20%,退火温度400℃,获得薄膜样品最低方块电阻11Ω/□,薄膜具有最好的发光性能,适合作为薄膜太阳电池的透明导电电极。     

室温下射频磁控溅射制备ZnO:Al透明导电薄膜及其性能研究

采用射频磁控溅射技术,在室温下,以ZnO:Al2O3(2%Al2O3(质量比))为靶材,在石英玻璃基底上,采用不同工艺条件制备了ZnO:Al(AZO)薄膜。使用扫描电子显微镜观察了薄膜的表面形貌,X射线衍射分析了薄膜的结构,四探针测量仪得到薄膜的表面电阻,轮廓仪测量了薄膜厚度,并计算了电阻率,最后采用分光光度计测量了薄膜的透过率;研究了溅射功率、溅射气压与薄膜厚度对薄膜电阻率及透过率的影响。结果表明:所制备的AZO薄膜具有(002)择优取向,并且发现薄膜厚度对薄膜的光电性能有明显影响,溅射气压和溅射功率对薄膜电学性能有较大影响,但是对薄膜透过率影响不大。当功率为1kW、溅射气压0.052Pa、AZO薄膜厚度为250nm时,其电阻率为8.38×10-4Ω·cm,波长在550nm处透过率为89%,接近基底的本底透过率92%。当薄膜厚度为1125 nm时薄膜的电阻率降至最低(6.16×10-4Ω·cm)。     

ZAO透明导电薄膜的制备及性质

ZAO（ZnO：Al）透明导电薄膜是一种具有高的载离子浓度和宽禁带的半导体氧化物，电学和光学性能优异。极具应用前景。本文介绍了ZAO薄膜的制备现状、特性、磁控溅射参数对其电学和光学性质的影响以及今后研究的方向。     

ZnO:Al透明导电薄膜的研制

介绍用直流平面磁控溅射方法制备掺铝的氧化锌透明导电薄膜并研究了其特性，阐述了金属氧化物透明导电薄膜研究的发展情况及其应用前景，并讨论了氧化锌掺铝薄膜的优点。介绍了ZnO∶Al薄膜的制备情况：靶的制备及薄膜的制备过程。测量了薄膜的光电特性，包括透射比、折射率、消光系数、方块电阻、电阻率、载流子浓度和迁移率等参数，并分析了各种实验条件对薄膜性能的影响。     

室温下射频磁控溅射制备ZnO∶Al透明导电薄膜及其性能研究

采用射频磁控溅射技术,在室温下,以ZnO∶Al203(2％Al2O3(质量比))为靶材,在石英玻璃基底上,采用不同工艺条件制备了ZnO∶Al(AzO)薄膜.使用扫描电子显微镜观察了薄膜的表面形貌,X射线衍射分析了薄膜的结构,四探针测量仪得到薄膜的表面电阻,轮廓仪测量了薄膜厚度,并计算了电阻率,最后采用分光光度计测量了薄膜的透过率;研究了溅射功率、溅射气压与薄膜厚度对薄膜电阻率及透过率的影响.结果表明:所制备的AZO薄膜具有(002)择优取向,并且发现薄膜厚度对薄膜的光电性能有明显影响,溅射气压和溅射功率对薄膜电学性能有较大影响,但是对薄膜透过率影响不大.当功率为1kW、溅射气压0.052 Pa、AZO薄膜厚度为250nm时,其电阻率为8.38×10-4Ω·cm,波长在550 nm处透过率为89％,接近基底的本底透过率92％.当薄膜厚度为1125 nm时薄膜的电阻率降至最低(6.16×10-4 Ω·cm).     

射频磁控溅射法低温制备ZnO：Zr透明导电薄膜及特性研究

利用射频磁控溅射法在室温水冷玻璃衬底上制备出了可见光透过率高、电阻率低的掺锆氧化锌(ZnO:Zr)透明导电薄膜.讨论了薄膜厚度对ZnO:Zr薄膜结构、形貌、光电性能的影响.实验结果表明,厚度对ZnO:Zr薄膜的形貌和电学性能有很大影响.SEM和XRD研究结果表明,ZnO:Zr薄膜为六角纤锌矿结构的多晶薄膜,具有垂直于衬底方向的C轴择优取向.当厚度为300nm时,薄膜的电阻率具有最小值1.77×10-3Ω·cm.所制备薄膜具有良好的附着性能,其可见光区平均透过率超过92%.     

工艺参数对直流反应磁控溅射ZnO:Al薄膜沉积速率的影响

实验以合金靶材在玻璃衬底上运用直流反应磁控溅射法制备了ZAO(ZnO:Al)透明导电薄膜样品.研究了O2气流量,衬底温度,以及反应气压和溅射功率等工艺参数对ZAO薄膜沉积速率的影响规律.结果表明:沉积速率随O2气流量的增加显著降低,靶面溅射模式由金属模式转变为氧化物模式,而且这种转变趋势在改变其他参数时依然明显;沉积速率随溅射功率的增大几乎成线性增加,但随衬底温度的变化并不大;在反应气压增大的情况下,沉积速率不断上升,达到最大值后,又随气压的增大不断下降.     

磁控溅射法制备掺杂ZnO透明导电薄膜及其研究进展

磁控溅射技术以其显著的优点已成为工业镀膜主要技术之一。充分发挥磁控溅射镀膜技术的现有优势,寻找新的增长点,成为近年来人们研究的热点。介绍了磁控溅射镀膜技术的原理、特点;总结了近来磁控溅射法制备掺杂ZnO薄膜,主要是Al掺杂、Si掺杂、Al-H共掺杂ZnO薄膜的研究进展。并在此基础上对掺杂ZnO透明导电薄膜的发展趋势进行了展望。     

Mn-doped ZnO transparent conducting films deposited by DC magnetron sputtering

Mn-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Mn) thin films with low resistivity and relatively high transparency were firstly prepared on glass substrate by direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering at room temperature. Influence of film thickness on the properties of ZnO:Mn films was investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) show that all the deposited films are polycrystalline with a hexagonal structure and have a preferred orientation along the c-axis perpendicular to the substrate. As the thickness increases from 144 to 479 nm, the crystallite size increases while the electrical resistivity decreases. However, as the thickness increases from 479 to 783 nm, the crystallite size decreases and the electrical resistivity increases. When film thickness is 479 nm, the deposited films have the lowest resistivity of 2.1 × 10^− 4 Ω cm and a relatively high transmittance of above 84% in the visible range.     

利用脉冲直流磁控溅射制备ZnO:Al薄膜的研究

利用中频脉冲直流磁控溅射法制备了平面ZnO:Al(AZO)透明导电薄膜,研究了沉积压力、衬底温度和溅射功率对AZO薄膜光电性能、薄膜稳定性的影响.结果表明:在较低沉积压力、衬底温度及溅射功率下,可获得具有低电阻率、高透过率、高稳定性的AZO薄膜.     

溅射功率对磁控溅射ZnO∶Al(ZAO)薄膜性能的影响

采用射频磁控溅射工艺,以高密度氧化锌铝陶瓷靶为靶材,衬底温度控制在室温,在玻璃基底上制备了透明导电Zn O∶Al(ZAO)薄膜。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、紫外-可见光谱仪和范德堡法,系统研究了不同溅射功率对薄膜的结构、形貌及光电特性的影响。结果表明,不同溅射功率对薄膜的光透射率影响不大,而对薄膜结晶和电学性能影响较大。XRD表明薄膜为良好的c轴择优取向;可见光区(400~600 nm)平均透过率达到85%以上;在120W下沉积的薄膜电学性能达到了最佳。     

直流磁控溅射铝纳米颗粒膜的微结构及电学特性

采用直流磁控溅射法,以高纯铝(99.99%)为靶材,高纯氩气(99.999%)为起辉气体,在经机械抛光的单晶Si衬底上制备铝纳米颗粒薄膜。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、光学薄膜测厚仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和四探针测试仪分别测试了铝纳米颗粒薄膜的晶相结构、薄膜厚度、表面形貌及电阻率。XRD衍射图谱表明此薄膜为面心立方的多晶结构,择优取向为Al(111)晶面。随溅射功率由30 W增至300 W,铝纳米颗粒薄膜的沉积速率由3.03 nm/min增加至20.03 nm/min;而随溅射压强由1 Pa增加至3 Pa,沉积速率由2.95 nm/min降低到1.66 nm/min。在溅射功率为150 W,溅射压强为1.0 Pa条件下制备的样品具有良好的晶粒分布。随溅射功率从80 W增大到160 W,样品电阻率由4.0×10-7Ω·m逐渐减小到1.9×10-7Ω·m;而随溅射压强从1 Pa增至3 Pa,样品电阻率由1.9×10-7Ω·m增加到7.1×10-7Ω·m。     

衬底温度对磁控溅射制备外延ZnO薄膜结构特性的影响

在不同的衬底温度下,采用磁控溅射方法在蓝宝石(0001)衬底上制备了外延生长的ZnO薄膜.采用原子力显微镜(AFM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、可见-紫外分光光度计系统研究了衬底温度对ZnO薄膜微观结构和光学特性的影响.AFM结果表明在不同村底温度制备的ZnO薄膜具有较为均匀的ZnO晶粒,且晶粒的尺寸随衬底温度的增加逐渐增大.XRD结果显示不同温度生长的ZnO薄膜均为外延生长,400℃生长的薄膜具有最好的结晶质量;光学透射谱显示在370nm附近均出现一个较陡的吸收边,表明制备的ZnO薄膜具有较高的质量,其光学能带隙随着衬底温度的增加而减小.     

Influence of annealing temperature on the properties of ZnO:Zr films deposited by direct current magnetron sputtering

Transparent conducting zirconium-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Zr) films were deposited on quartz substrates by direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering at room temperature. The influence of post-annealing temperature on the structural, morphological, electrical and optical properties of ZnO:Zr films were investigated. When annealing temperature increases from room temperature to 573 K, the resistivity decreases obviously due to an improvement of the crystallinity. However, with further increase in annealing temperature, the crystallinity deteriorates leading to an increase in resistivity. The films annealed at the optimum annealing temperature of 573 K in vacuum have the lowest resistivity of 9.8 × 10⁻⁴ Ω cm and a high transmittance of above 92% in the visible range.     

High conductivity and transparent ZnO:Al films prepared at low temperature by DC and MF magnetron sputtering

Aluminum-doped zinc oxide thin films have been deposited by DC and MF magnetron sputtering from a ceramic oxide target in argon atmosphere without direct heating of the substrates. The samples were prepared at different predetermined conditions of input power or discharge voltage and the influence upon electronic, optical, and microstructural properties has been investigated. The as-deposited layers show low resistivity, such as 9 × 10^− 4 Ω cm minimum for DC excitation and 1.2 × 10^− 3 Ω cm for MF mode, with growth rates up to 130 nm/min, and resulting substrate temperatures always below 200 °C. Low resistivity of the films is combined with high transmission, 85-90% in the visible wavelength range (400-800 nm). A strong (002) texture perpendicular to the substrate has been found, with lower strain for DC than for MF sputtering.     

Low resistivity transparent conducting CdO thin films deposited by DC reactive magnetron sputtering at room temperature

Transparent conducting cadmium oxide (CdO) films were deposited on PET (polyethylene terephthalate) substrate by DC reactive magnetron sputtering at room temperature. All the films deposited at room temperature were polycrystalline in rock-salt structure. Dependences of the physical properties of the CdO films on the oxygen partial pressure were systematically studied. The films deposited at low oxygen flow rate were (200) oriented, while the films deposited at an oxygen flow rate greater than 20 sccm were (111) oriented. The average grain size of the CdO films decreased as the oxygen flow rate increases as determined by XRD and SEM. The Hall effect measurement showed that CdO films have high concentration, low resistivity, and high mobility. Both the mobility and the concentration of the carrier decreased with the increase of the oxygen flow rate. A minimum sheet resistance of 36.1 Ω/□, or a lowest resistivity of 5.44 × 10^− 4 Ω cm (6.21 × 10²⁰/cm³, μ = 19.2 cm²/Vs) was obtained for films deposited at an oxygen flow rate of 10 sccm.     

Tungsten-doped ZnO transparent conducting films deposited by direct current magnetron sputtering

Highly conducting and transparent thin films of tungsten-doped ZnO (ZnO:W) were prepared on glass substrates by direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering at low temperature. The effect of film thickness on the structural, electrical and optical properties of ZnO:W films was investigated. All the deposited films are polycrystalline with a hexagonal structure and have a preferred orientation along the c-axis perpendicular to the substrate. The electrical resistivity first decreases with film thickness, and then increases with further increase in film thickness. The lowest resistivity achieved was 6.97 × 10⁻⁴ Ω cm for a thickness of 332 nm with a Hall mobility of 6.7 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹ and a carrier concentration of 1.35 × 10²¹ cm⁻³. However, the average transmittance of the films does not change much with an increase in film thickness, and all the deposited films show a high transmittance of approximately 90% in the visible range.     

The effects of impurity and temperature for transparent conducting oxide properties of Al:ZnO deposited by dc magnetron sputtering

Aluminum-doped zinc oxide films (ZnO:Al) were deposited on Si wafers and glass substrates by dc magnetron sputtering from a ZnO target mixed with 2 wt% Al₂O₃ for photovoltaic films. The effect of base pressure, additional oxygen, and substrate temperature were studied in detail. By dc magnetron sputtering at room temperature, the resistivity and the average transmittance in visible range was 2.3 × 10⁻³ Ω cm and 77.3%, respectively. And these were improved up to 3.3 × 10⁻⁴ Ω cm and 86% at the substrate temperature of 400 °C by high deposition rate and low impurity ambient. The mobility and the carrier concentration were improved by the increased preferred orientation of (002) plane and grain size of film with increasing deposition temperature. This advanced AZO film with good resistivity and transmittance can be expected as the front TCO of thin film solar cells.