A communication infrastructure to ease the development of mobile collaborative applications

Mobile workers doing loosely coupled activities typically perform on demand collaboration in the physical workplace. Communication services available in such work scenarios are uncertain, therefore mobile collaborative applications supporting those activities must provide ad hoc communication mechanisms in order to use each cooperation opportunity. Typically, the complexity of implementing such mobile ad hoc communication mechanisms becomes a challenge that jeopardizes the development of mobile collaborative solutions. This article presents a communication infrastructure named HLMP API dealing with that challenge. HLMP API intends to ease the development of such applications through the reuse of communication services. The infrastructure is an application programming interface that implements the HLMP routing protocol and also some awareness mechanisms that are required for mobile loosely coupled work. Developers using this infrastructure do not have to perform low-level programming.     

Experimental results from a MANET testbed in outdoor bridge environment considering BATMAN routing protocol

A set of wireless mobile terminals, which cooperate by routing packets to each other creates a Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET). MANETs are continuing to grow their interest in research environment and they are attracting attention for their potential use in several fields such as collaborative computing and disaster recovery environments. Considering mobility of the terminals, the topology changes rapidly and routing becomes a key process for operation of MANETs. In this paper, we analyze the performance of Better Approach To MANET (BATMAN) routing protocol in an outdoor bridge environment considering mobility and vertical communication. We implement two scenarios on our testbed and evaluate the performance in terms of throughput and packetloss.     

移动自组网络中一种有效的选播路由协议

移动自组网是一种特殊的无线移动通信网络，它由一系列带有无线收发装置的动态节点临时形成一个多跳的自治系统，因此传统网络中的路由协议不适合于移动自组网络．选播作为一类新的通信协议，能有效平衡网络负载分布和提高网络性能．本文首先描述了移动自组网络的特点及该环境下的路由协议，在此基础上提出了一种有效的选播路由协议．通过平均分组传送成功概率和平均控制字节数指标的测试表明了算法的有效性．     

The performance impact of traffic patterns on routing protocols in mobile ad hoc networks

As mobile ad hoc network (MANET) systems research has matured and several testbeds have been built to study MANETs, research has focused on developing new MANET applications such as collaborative games, collaborative computing, messaging systems, distributed security schemes, MANET middleware, peer-to-peer file sharing systems, voting systems, resource management and discovery, vehicular computing and collaborative education systems. The growing set of diverse applications developed for MANETs pose far more complex traffic patterns than the simple one-to-one traffic pattern, and hence the one-to-one traffic pattern widely used in previous protocol studies has become inadequate in reflecting the relative performance of these protocols when deployed to support these emerging applications.As a first step towards effectively supporting newly developed and future diverse MANET applications, this paper studies the performance impact of diverse traffic patterns on routing protocols in MANETs. Specifically, we propose a new communication model that extends the previous communication model to include a more general traffic pattern that varies the number of connections per source node. We study the performance impact of traffic patterns on various routing protocols via detailed simulations of an ad hoc network of 112 mobile nodes. Our simulation results show that many of the conclusions drawn in previous protocol comparison studies no longer hold under the new traffic patterns. These results motivate the need for performance evaluation of ad hoc networks to not only include rich and diverse mobility models as has been done in the past but also include diverse traffic patterns that stress a wide set of protocol design issues.     

移动Ad hoc网络安全路由协议研究

移动Ad hoc网络是由一组移动终端组成的无线多跳自治系统,具有无中心、自组织、多跳路由、动态拓扑结构等特点。尽管有带宽受限等缺点,但无线Ad hoc网络具备灵活机动、组网迅速的优势,在军事通信、民用通信和各种临时通信中具有广阔的应用前景。近来其路由技术、QoS、安全性问题,尤其是路由协议的安全成为研究的热点。介绍了针对其路由协议的攻击,重点分析比较了典型的移动Ad hoc网络安全路由协议,最后指出下一步研究的方向。     

Protocol interoperability in mobile IP enabled mobile ad hoc networks

A trend in future 4G wireless networks is the integration of MANETs into all-IP systems, which may enhance the flexibility and pervasiveness of 4G networks. One of the most crucial challenges in this field is the design of Protocol Interoperability to achieve the integration of MANET routing protocols and Mobile IP into the IP routing systems. This problem has not been effectively addressed by researches published thus far. This paper contributes solutions to solving this challenge. The protocol architecture and protocol interfaces are designed, which are suitable for gateways and mobile nodes in such Internet integrated MANETs supporting Mobile IP. Propagation methods of Mobile IP signalling messages with MANET routing information piggybacking are designed. Finally, an enhanced Mobile IP protocol suitable for MANET system is contributed. In summary, the contribution of this paper is a thorough scheme for establishing an IP/MIP/MANET integrated system.     

移动自组网的安全路由协议

移动自组网（MANET）是自治的无基础设施的网络,它通过IP路由支持多跳无线通信,它被用于没有基础设施存在的动态变化的场景。多数自组网路由协议利用节点之间固有特性即相邻节点的信赖关系进行协作转发数据包。这种信赖模型使得恶意节点利用插入错误的路由更新、重放过时的路由信息、改变路由更新、或广播不正确的路由信息来瘫痪自组网。针对自组网的缺陷提出了一种认证路由策略来解决这些问题,同时也列举了仿真实验结果。     

一种基于AODV的MANET入侵识别协议

入侵识别在移动Ad hoc网络路由安全中起到重要作用。该文针对AODV协议中的虚假目的序列号攻击以及已有解决方案中的缺陷,引入信誉值更新算法,设计一种基于AODV的入侵识别协议。仿真实验结果表明,该协议在网络性能以及识别的准确性方面都有较好的表现。     

Standardisation advancements in the area of routing for mobile ad-hoc networks

Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) are self-organized and fully distributed networks that rely on the collaboration of participating devices to route data from source to destination. The MANET paradigm is expected to enable ubiquitous mobile communication and thus the proliferation of pervasive applications. The MANET Working Group (WG) of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is responsible for standardizing an appropriate Internet Protocol (IP) based routing protocol functionality for both static (mesh) and dynamic (mobile) wireless ad hoc network topologies. In this paper, we provide a background on the possibility to use MANETs for enabling future pervasive internet and innovative ubiquitous services. We also describe the work achieved by the MANET WG thus far on the area of secure unicast and multicast routing for MANETs. We also examine non-IETF work on this area, chiefly based on adaptive and hybrid routing. The paper then presents comparative performance evaluations of discussed routing protocols. It is mainly observed that there is a need for adaptive hybrid routing approaches in order to support future innovative and pervasive applications. Consequently, we present our conclusions.     

A qualitative comparison evaluation of the greedy forwarding strategies in Mobile Ad Hoc Network

The Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is wireless network which provides communication among wireless mobile hosts without the need of any standing network infrastructure. In such networks, and to facilitate communication between participating nodes, every node has to offer routing services. Routing in MANET is responsible for selecting and forwarding packets along optimal paths. Finding an optimal route is a crucial task in MANET where routes tend to be multi-hop. Many routing protocols have been proposed in literature. However, few of them are efficient when the network is sparse and highly dynamic. Position-based routing and forwarding provides the opportunity for improving the efficiency and performance of the existing MANET routing strategies. This research work presents an extensive overview of geographic forwarding techniques in MANET. In particular, it focuses on the presentation of the basic operation mode of geographic forwarding, which is greedy forwarding. Meanwhile, this research work presents a qualitative evaluation of the most current and popular greedy forwarding strategies used with position based routing protocols. Furthermore, the findings have been used to conclude the most appropriate unicast forwarding policy for future research efforts.     

多跳无线移动Ad Hoc网络路由协议的研究分析

无线移动Ad Hoe网络(MANET)作为可移动分布式多跳无线网络，没有预先确定的网络拓扑或网络基础设施以及集中控制．为了在如此的网络中促进通信，路由协议主要用于在节点之间发现路径．Ad Hoe网络路由协议的主要目的是网络拓扑的动态变化、任意两个节点之间建立一个使得通信总费用和带宽消费最少的正确和有效的通信路径．描述了设计移动Ad Hoe网络路由协议所面临的问题以及对它们的评价，详细比较了七种典型无线移动AdHoe网络路由协议的特性和功能，即DSDV，CGSR，WRP，AODV，DSR，TORA和ABR，为进一步的研究提出了新的课题．     

一种分区MANET路由协议

MANET是一种无基础设施支持的动态、自组织、多跳无线移动网络,为之设计适当的路由协议是一大挑战。该文在分析MANET特性及应用需求的基础上,提出了一种的分区MANET路由协议,该协议基于到最小ID节点的距离形成分区并维护简化的全局网络拓扑,通过巧妙地利用节点的邻接点信息使得路由请求的时间和通讯复杂度均降为O（2R）。仿真结果表明,该协议具有路由请求时延低,控制开销少的特点。     

MANET典型路由协议的性能分析与仿真

移动Ad Hoc网络(MANET)是由一组无线移动主机组成的一个没有任何事先建立好的基础设施或集中管理设备的临时网络,其特点是网络拓扑易变,带宽、能源有限及容易受到攻击等。该文对AODV, DSR, DSDV这几种典型的路由协议进行分析比较,指出它们的优缺点及适用场合。通过2个场景的配置,从路由开销、分组投递率、端到端的平均时延3个方面进行实验。仿真结果表明,按需路由协议在3个方面都表现出较好的性能。     

Security in Mobile IPv6: A survey

Secure mobile communication is essential for the pervasive accessibility of critical information infrastructure. Connecting control systems with the business enterprise, wireless telemetry and mobile user interaction with critical infrastructure systems are examples of services that motivate the need for secure mobile communication. Mobile IPv6 is being touted to provide communication support for such services. The security of Mobile IPv6 poses key challenges impeding its wide-scale adoption. Several security mechanisms have been proposed in the literature. This paper surveys security vulnerabilities of Mobile IPv6, provides a taxonomy for the main existing and proposed solutions, and then extends to outline some open issues.     

大规模移动自主网络中基于簇的QoS多路径路由

在移动自主网络中,提供服务质量支持是一个核心研究问题.大量研究表明,在移动自主网络中提供服务质量保障具有很大的挑战性.提出一个基于簇的QoS多路径路由协议(CQMRP),通过一种可扩展、灵活的方式为移动自主网络提供服务质量保证.在这个策略中,每个节点只维持局部路由信息而不是整个网络的全局状态信息.它支持多个服务质量约束.采用OPNET模拟器对协议性能进行了评估,结果表明,这个协议能够为移动自主网络提供一个可靠的多路径服务质量保证.     

MANET路由协议研究进展

MANET（mobile ad-hoc network)是独立的网络自治系统，不依赖于固定主干网（但可以与其配合），该系统能快速部署到位，建立起一套完整，强大，高抗毁的网络通信系统，提供有效的数据和多媒体通信服务，MANET使用无线通信技术，所有主机均可以移动，主机间以无线链路连接，为了进行有效通信，必须在移动主机间建立合适的路由，回顾了MANET路由技术的研究进展，并对有关路由协议进行了评述，这些协议涵盖了目前能见到的绝大部分类型的MANET路由协议。     

基于NS2的Ad Hoc网络AODV协议研究与改进

无线自组网是由一组无线移动主机组成的无基础设施的临时网络,在与其相关的网络协议的研究中常涉及到修改及扩展问题。文章分析了经典按需路由协议AODV的路由发现和建立过程,通过NS2仿真软件的内核扩展及重编译,在控制台输出相关的扩展内容,包括RREQ和RREP包的传送、正反向路由表的建立和节点路由表的更新等信息。结果表明,在NS2仿真软件下对无线自组网路由协议的研究和调试分析是一种科学有效的方法。最后对AODV协议本身提出了几种改进的思路和方法。     

Evaluation of MANEMO route optimization schemes

In the doorway of the Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6), it was considered as the standard protocol that support the host mobility. Due to its limitation that does not support the mobile routers (MRs), the Internet engineering task force (IETF) has introduced the NEMO basic support (NEMO BS) protocol. The mobile ad hoc network (MANET) routing protocol provides the local and the direct communications between two mobile devices within the nested NEMO (when multiple MRs are connected together). Integrating the MANET and the NEMO (MANEMO) provides the necessary additions to the existing protocols (IPv6, neighbor discovery (ND), and NEMO) to support the nested MRs. It provides a mechanism to select the most suitable path to the Exit Router (ER) as a default in the MANEMO Fringe Stub (MFS). The NCM (NEMO centric MANEMO) protocol is introduced to address the nested NEMO issues (e.g. pinball problem) by using the MANET routing a protocol (i.e., OLSR), while the MCM (MANET centric MANEMO) protocol is introduced to address the MANET problem (e.g. Internet connectivity). The main aim of this paper is to investigate the current approaches that are introduced to provide the route optimization (RO) for the NEMO. It highlights the strengths and the limitations of these approaches. Both the qualitative and the quantitative evolutions of these proposals are hereby presented.     

MANET中一种基于移动预测的unicast路由协议

MANET是由一系列可以自由移动的节点主机聚集而成的一个临时性动态网络。它没有固定基站,也没有作为控制管理中心的节点主机。由于其拓扑的动态性,其路由协议不同于其它网络。为更有效支持MANET的应用,文章提出了一种基于移动预测下的Unicast路由。该协议采用GPS定位机制,通过预测路径有效连接时间来实现。模拟结果表明这种方案能获得较好的网络性能和较低的控制开销。     

A reusable structural design for mobile collaborative applications

Architecting mobile collaborative applications has always been a challenge for designers. However, counting on a structural design as a reference can help developers to reduce risks and efforts involved in system design. This article presents a reusable architecture which helps modeling the communication and coordination services required by mobile collaborative applications to support collaboration among users. This architecture has been used as a basis for the design of several mobile systems. Two of them are presented in this article to show the applicability of the proposal to real world collaborative systems.