两级压缩热泵空调器的回油性能实验研究

两级节流循环的理论制冷系数要高,是小型低温热泵机型理想选择。对两级压缩循环二级节流中间不完全冷却系统,通过对其进行实际回油性能实验研究表明,小型两级压缩二级节流系统及压缩机的回油性能良好,冷媒迁移不会对压缩机启动产生不良影响,系统回液正常,运行中闪蒸器无积存润滑油,该系统可适应超低温制热的要求。对于小型两级压缩热泵系统,即使在零下30℃的环境中运行,压缩机回油良好,运转可靠,对实现热泵空调器的超低温制热的意义重大。     

高速列车牵引变流器冷却系统散热特性研究

在分析CRH3型高速列车牵引变流器冷却系统结构与工作原理的基础上,根据冷却系统热交换器实物尺寸、冷却液实际流速等参数,应用ANSYS有限元分析软件建立了牵引变流器冷却系统热交换器模型,并设置相应仿真边界条件,由ANSYS／FLOTRAN解析出热交换器的流场和温度场分布情况。通过对分析结果的后处理,计算得出了冷却系统热交换器的散热功率,其结果与牵引变流器功率损耗参数基本相符,验证了仿真分析的正确性。仿真分析结果有助于对高速列车牵引变流器冷却系统散热能力的评估,及冷却系统热交换器结构设计的改进,为进一步提高高速列车牵引变流器冷却系统的散热能力提供了理论依据;     

超窄间隙焊接温度场的模拟

应用高斯热源模型模拟了C02气体保护超低线能量超窄间隙焊接条件的温度场，该温度场与实测温度场基本一致。对超窄间隙温度场进行的初步分析表明，超窄间隙超低线能量焊接条件下的加热和冷却速度极快，相变温度以上停留时间极短，焊接热影响区极窄。     

热管换热器应用于大功率LED路灯冷却系统的实验研究

研发了一系列将大功率发光二极管(LED)散热和热管传热相结合的用于大功率LED路灯冷却的热管散热器,并对设计出的热管散热器的传热性能进行了实验研究.实验结果表明,该系列热管散热器具有良好的散热能力,能控制节点温度在70℃以下,满足了LED路灯对结点温度的控制要求;同时实验结果表明,改变翅片结构,换热器散热能力明显不同,所研发的具有菱形、开孔形及外翻形翅片的热管换热器散热能力比普通矩形翅片热管换热器的散热能力明显提高,其中以外翻形翅片的热管换热器散热能力最好;另外研究了改变环境温度、热管排布数量、翅片材质及结构对换热器散热性能、换热装置体积、成本及质量的影响,找到更具应用价值的热管换热器形式;最后研究了热管换热器工作倾角对LED路灯散热能力的影响,倾角越小,散热能力越好,垂直使用时散热能力最差,最后从理论上加以分析.     

起重机驱动装置冷却结构设计及温升运行特性分析

起重机用新型驱动装置采用外转子结构,且相对于传统起升机构的一体化程度更高,易造成定子绕组散热困难。有别于传统电机设备的断续工作制,对温升计算提出了新的问题。根据设备特点,设计空心轴风冷的冷却结构。基于流体力学和传热学基本原理,建立流固耦合数学模型。以一台额定功率为90 kW的驱动装置为例,通过计算流体力学软件及其嵌入的自定义函数,依据传统起重机械设计要求的机构工作级别和极限操作工况,进行编程及模拟仿真。将温升计算结果与同等条件下试验数据进行对比,验证计算方法的科学性,并分析冷却机构的合理性,最终结果为后续起重机驱动装置的散热研究提供参考依据。     

采用热管冷却技术的太阳能光伏电–热一体化系统性能分析

太阳能光伏电–热（photovoltaic-thermal,PV-T）一体化系统将光伏组件与太阳能热利用系统组合在一起,具有较高的太阳能综合利用效率。针对热管具有高效传热和均温性能的特点,提出一种采用热管冷却技术的太阳能光伏电-热一体化系统;基于光伏电池板传热过程特点及换热器的传热有效度——传热单元数（ε-NTU）法,对热管式PV-T系统的电池板温度、冷却流体出口温度以及系统电效率和热效率等热电转换性能进行了理论分析和计算。结果表明,热管式PV-T系统的电池温度变化幅度在2.5℃以内,系统电效率和热效率分别达到6.99%～7.46%和51.0%～63.2%。该文提出的理论方法为研究热管式PV-T系统热电转换性能提供了一种新的途径,可用来分析和讨论相关参数对热管式PV-T系统性能的影响。     

高速永磁电机转子蒸发冷却系统数值模拟

对于大功率高速永磁电机,在高功率密度下转子散热困难,易造成永磁体发生不可逆退磁。为了解决转子的有效冷却问题,采用喷雾式新型蒸发冷却技术,利用相变吸热原理实现空心永磁转子蒸发冷却,基于计算流体力学方法,建立雾滴与空气的传热传质物理模型,对转子喷雾冷却系统进行数值模拟。研究表明,相变传热方式冷却效率高,转子的温度分布均匀,提高了高速永磁电机转子运行的可靠性和稳定性。本文提供的转子蒸发冷却计算方法,为蒸发冷却技术在大功率高速永磁电机转子冷却的应用提供理论依据。     

汽轮发电机转子绕组开放管道式蒸发冷却技术的实验研究

为了将蒸发冷却技术应用于大容量的汽轮发电机,需要对转子蒸发冷却技术进行深行研究.本文重点介绍了汽轮发电机转子绕组开放管道式蒸发冷却技术的模拟实验.阐述了实验原理、模型的建立以及数据的采集等问题,并对结果进行了详细的分析.实验结果表明,开放管道式转子线圈半径方向上的温度分布均匀,完全符合汽轮发电机的冷却技术要求.在不同的工况条件下,系统均表现出了良好的冷却能力.该实验为采用开放管道式转子绕组蒸发冷却方式的大容量汽轮发电机的设计和计算提供了依据,其结果也可为离心力场下的液体流动和传热方面的研究借鉴.     

强油导向变压器的流体的传热分析

根据流体力学原理计算了强油导向变压器绕组的流体场,并根据竖直和水平油道的油流速度求出了对流换热系数及绕组温升,分析了整个冷却系统的阻力特性.     

基于流体传热理论永磁风力发电机温度场计算

采用流体传热理论和有限体积法计算自然风冷式兆瓦级永磁同步风力发电机的三维温度场.确定热源及等效导热系数的计算方法,建立三维流体的数学模型;对一台实验样机建立三维流动与传热耦合计算的模型,并通过与实验结果的对比,验证计算方法的合理性.利用相同方法对一台1.5 MW永磁同步风力发电机的三维温度场进行计算与分析,在此基础上,...     

Thermal analysis,design, and implementation of an L-band high-power stepped impedance low-pass filter

This paper presents high power, thermal analyses, and implementation of a stepped impedance high-power low-pass filter (LPF). A comprehensive model and analysis have been developed for the design and simulation of the LPF. In this analysis, power handling capacity and breakdown-voltage are discussed, and the effects of critical points are considered. The attenuation due to conductor and dielectric losses is also studied. The novelty of our approach lies in employing theoretical analysis to estimate the power-dissipation of the filter based on the proposed equivalent circuit. An accurate method is also introduced to calculate attenuation in the filter's elements. Thermal analysis to obtain accurate temperature profiles is done for the first time based on the electro-thermal simulation. Consequently, an effective cooling method is used to spread heat across the entire filter. Finally, the filter was implemented and tested to operate at L-band with handling 8 kW peak and 800 W average power. The insertion-loss is less than 0.27 dB, the stop-band attenuation is more than 60 dB, and the return-loss is better than 15.7 dB. The filter is capable of tolerating produced heat without any destructive effects at a maximum temperature of about 200°C above ambient. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the LPF is suitable for high-power microwave applications.     

500 kV静安(世博)地下变电站水工设计特点

500 kV 静安( 世博) 变电站工程各项用水的水源均来自城市自来水管网, 全站用水将由城市供水管网的2 个不同的管段引入2 路供水管。变电站地下的500、220 kV 变压器、66、220 kV 电抗器采用强油水冷的冷却方式, 设备的能量损耗发出的热量通过冷却塔排入大气中。冷却水系统包括变压器或电抗器的油冷却器、冷却塔、循环水泵、喷淋水泵、膨胀水箱、补给水池、补给水泵以及补给水软化处理设备管道等。     

双馈风力发电机三维温度场耦合计算与分析

根据流体力学以及传热学理论,阐明了流体与固体耦合直接求解温度场的数学关系.基于1.5MW双馈风力发电机电磁结构、通风结构和冷却方式,并结合电机内流体流动与传热特点,以发电机周向1/8区域作为求解域.采用有限体积元法对发电机内流体场和温度场进行耦合求解,并对求解结果进行了详细的数值分析.得出冷却空气在流通区域速度和流量分布规律;在此基础上,研究了电机温升分布规律及传热特性;将计算的结果与实测数据对比,验证了计算结果的正确性.     

基于有限元法的高频开关电源PCB热仿真研究

为提高电源工作的可靠性,论文提出通过安装热管散热器的办法来降低高频开关电源PCB的节点温度。基于有限元方法建立了热管模型以及高频开关电源PCB模型,对热管管径以及安装两种散热器的高频开关电源PCB进行热仿真分析。热分析结果表明：在一定功率范围内,管径越大,散热器散热效果越好：安装热管散热器的高频开关电源PCB上器件温度明显低于安装传统散热器,最大温差达到33℃.实际中在不考虑强迫风冷散热设计时可以对PCB进行优化,以及采用热管散热器对高频开关电源进行有效散热。     

Effect of streaming potential on heat transfer in transformer oil

The results of an experimental study of the effects of streaming electrification on the heat transfer of transformer oil (Voltesso 35) in Plexiglas and paper/pressboard pipe models are reported. The magnitude and the polarity of the charge in the oil entering the test section was varied by using two different filters (Millipore cellulose and Sartorius fiber glass) in the upstream of the oil flow. An enhancement in heat transfer was observed with both types of filters in the Plexiglas model and with cellulose filter in the paper/pressboard model; whereas a reduction in heat transfer was observed with fiber glass filter in paper/pressboard model under similar flow rates and temperatures. With uncharged oil, heat transfer was either inhibited or no enhancement was noticed in both models. The results have been discussed considering the temperature gradients, the flow conditions and the electrical forces due to static charge in the liquid     

Analysis of LN2 cooling system and electrical insulationcontraction for high Tc superconducting cables

The LN₂ cooling system for fully flexible three phase high Tc superconducting cables was addressed in this paper. Explicit formulas were presented to calculate the cooling capacity and stability. Thereafter, the stress cracking and the thermal contraction of electrical insulation at low temperature were analyzed theoretically and experimentally. The thermal contractions of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene insulation layer of short model cables were measured with the moire method and strain gauge method. The measured result was in good agreement with the theoretical result. Both the theoretical and experimental results confirmed that the insulation does not suffer from the stress cracking problem on cooldown, and it is an excellent candidate for the electrical insulation at low temperature     

感应电动机定转子全域温度场数值计算及相关因素敏感性分析

提出了针对无轴向通风冷却电机温度场计算的新思想，合理处理了电机定子与气隙之间以及转子与气隙之间复杂的对流散热过程， 妥善解决了定、转子之间的热交换问题。给出了散下线定子绕组的等效热模型，简化了计算难度并且节省了计算时间。在此基础上建立了笼型感应电动机定、转子全域温度场二维数学模型和二维有限元计算模型。计算了电机额定负载运行时定、转子的稳态温度场以及气隙温降；实验结果验证了该电机温度场计算模型的合理性和计算结果的正确性。在该温度场计算模型的基础上，分析了电机温度场对定子铜耗、散热翅高度以及定子绕组浸渍质量等相关因素的敏感性，为电机优化设计奠定理论基础。     

储能锂离子电池包强制风冷系统热仿真分析与优化

基于电化学-热耦合模型借助ANSYS Fluent平台对储能系统中的锂离子电池包进行仿真分析与结构优化。首先建立电池的热仿真模型,基于该模型利用ANSYSFluent仿真软件得到电池单体温度分布,并通过与实验测量的结果对比验证所建立的仿真模型的准确性。接着进行了电池包风冷系统的仿真分析,完成了对电池包温度分布和风道流速分布的求解。最后通过改变出风孔数量和风扇挡板形状改善了冷却系统的冷却效果。研究结果表明,基于电化学-热耦合模型对储能电池包的温度与内部流速分布的分析是可行的,对强制风冷系统的结构优化能够大幅度提高系统的散热性能,实现更低的最高温度与更均匀的温度分布。     

Analysis of 2-dimensional flow field generated by a1-electrode-pair ion-drag pump

A theoretical model has been developed to analyse the two-dimensional flow field generated by a single electrode pair ion-drag pump. The governing fluid dynamic and electrostatic equations describing ion-drag pumping are solved using the semi-implicit method for pressure linked equations. Results from the model correlate well with available experimental data. The model also shows a significant difference between the electrical efficiency and the system efficiency which is due to the frictional losses not being accounted for in the calculation of the electrical efficiency. The trends of the system efficiency are similar to that observed experimentally     

Heat transfer regimes for a flow of water at supercritcal conditions in vertical channels

Heat transfer regimes observed in experiments with water at supercritical conditions flowing in vertical channels of various cross-sections (such as round pipes, annulus, or rod bundles) are analyzed. In accordance with the established practice, the normal and the deteriorated heat transfer regimes were singled out as the basic regimes specific for heat carriers with highly variable properties. At the same time, it has been established that most published experimental data on supercritical pressure water heat transfer along the length of test sections demonstrate combined (or transient) heat transfer regimes. The features can be presented as a superposition of characteristics of the above-mentioned basic regimes. The combined regimes are not stable in certain ranges of water flow conditions in which sudden transitions between the basic regimes can occur. A system of similarity criteria governing heat transfer rate in the vicinity of the critical point is examined. As applicable to cores of water-cooled reactors, due to a small hydraulic diameter of cooling channels, buoyancy forces acting in these channels are negligible as compared with the inertia effects caused by thermal acceleration of the flow and viscous force. This concept yields two integrated criteria whose use in the correction factors for the basic heat transfer equation, which we proposed previously for the normal regimes, adequately (with an error of 20–25%) describes the specific of the heat transfer coefficient in the normal, deteriorated, and combined regimes. A system of equations is proposed for design calculation of heat transfer in channels of nuclear reactors cooled with supercritical pressure water.