两段炉煤炭气化法

两段炉煤炭气化技术是一种具有许多优点的方法。它既吸收煤炭干馏时产生热值较高的干馏煤气的特点,又吸收煤炭完全气化时产生较多煤气的特点,集中两者的优点于气化炉中,生产出较多的中热值煤气。气化炉分为两段,上段是煤的干馏段,下段是煤干馏形成半焦的气化段。煤从气化炉上部加入至于馏段内,由底部半焦气化时产生的鼓风气及水煤气间接或直接加热至七百度～八百度。煤炭干馏时产生的干馏煤气,与煤半焦在气化段以空气和水蒸汽作为气化介质生产的     

浅议新形势下工作循环的选择与优化

当前，煤头氮肥厂家都在寻求降低煤耗和稳定生产的有效途径，以应对能源危机的挑战。在以煤为原料，常压固定层间歇式气化工艺的过程中，选择适宜的工作循环周期及其备阶段循环时间百分比，能够促使煤气发生炉气化层温度谷、峰值波动不大，气化层位置及其厚度适宜，从而提高了煤气发生炉总体气化效率，真正地不失为一项有效的节能措施。     

SE-东方炉气化工艺安全设计分析

气化工艺在煤化工生产过程中占有非常重要的地位,随着国内煤气化工工艺的发展,取得了丰硕的成果。本文针对国内煤气化工艺现状,介绍了SE-东方炉气化工艺流程、SE-东方炉结构特点,并从东方气化炉结构特点出发,分析了SE气化工艺的安全性设计特点,对煤气化工艺的发展和安全生产具有一定的指导意义。     

集散型控制系统在两段炉煤气生产过程控制中的应用

介绍两段炉煤气生产过程采用美国霍尼威尔公司ＴＤＣ３０００控制系统软，硬件组成，经三年多运行表面，系统稳定可靠，故障率少，达到设计要求。     

城市煤气联产甲醇工艺

城市煤气联产甲醇工艺皮金林，陈宝池，车维新（中国五环化学工程总公司武汉市４３００７３）１前言近年来，我国一些中小城市利用国外贷款建设城市煤气工程。这些工程大多使用两段炉气化技术，它对煤种要求高，另外，装置的设计规模大都考虑了城市发展用户增加的需要。这...     

恩德炉与两段炉煤气化技术的选择与应用

通过对恩德炉与两段炉煤气化技术进行的分析和比较,论述了两种炉的不同气化方式。由于两项技术的气化方法和气化原理不同,因此在气化条件、气化过程、气化产品及煤气应用等方面都有所不同。恩德炉粉煤气化技术用煤范围广,单炉生产能力大,煤气生产成本低,是未来煤气化技术的发展趋势。     

两段式煤气发生炉在浮法玻璃生产中的应用

两段式煤气发生炉是一种比较成熟的炉型。本文叙述了两段炉的气化原理和结构特点,通过与单段炉气化情况进行时比,指出了两段炉的优点。两段炉值得推广应用。     

气化剂中水蒸气供给量影响因素分析

通过对气化剂中水蒸气供给量的计算,分析了大气压、炉底鼓风压力、饱和温度和原始湿空气温度等对气化剂中水蒸气供给量的影响:指出气化剂中水蒸气供给量随大气压和原始湿空气温度的增大而降低,随饱和温度的提高而增大,炉底鼓风压力、原始湿空气湿度及外界供应饱和水蒸气温度等,虽然对气化剂中水蒸气供给量有一定的影响,但就常压固定床煤气发生炉而言影响较小,可以忽略不计。     

意大利IGI两段炉气化技术

<正> 两段炉气化技术是本世纪四十年代奥地利发明,意大利改进并完善的煤炭气化技术。意大利 IGI 公司(国际煤气设备公司)在两段气化炉的设计上有较丰富的经验,并在加煤自控系统、炉篦和水力排渣等方面有专门技术。笔者参加《上海市化工局赴意大利两段炉技术考察组》于1984年11月对意大利两段炉技术进行了考察,现将意大利 IGI两段炉气化技术介绍如下:     

连续鼓风两段煤气发生炉试运行简介

<正> 一、前言所谓两段煤气发生炉,简单地说,就是普通发生炉上面加上一个干馏筒。烟煤在此筒内首先进行低温干馏,变成赤热的半焦,然后进入发生炉的下部进行气化。气化生成煤气的一部分通过干馏筒作为干馏用的热载体,这部分煤气由炉子的顶部逸出称为上段     

高炉法生产黄磷技术前景分析

回顾高炉法生产黄磷的历程,分析指出高炉法生产黄磷未能工业化的问题在于干除尘器系统难操作、难维护。介绍降低高炉法生产黄磷炉顶煤气尘含量的措施;分析用高炉法生产黄磷的效益;介绍高炉可视化喷吹技术在黄磷生产中的应用。     

现代煤气化技术及其煤种的适应性分析

结合国内外煤气化技术发展现状与趋势,讨论了煤质特性对气化过程的影响及其在不同气化炉型中的适应性。分析表明,煤种的多样性及气化工艺的选择促进了煤气化技术的快速发展,气流床和流化床代替固定床是煤气化技术发展的必然所趋。在充分认识各类煤气化技术优缺点的基础上,应发挥优势,针对煤种选用炉型,开发具有单炉生产能力高、煤种适应性强、气体成分可调等优势的加压气化技术以及可有效利用煤气高温显热的两段或多段式气化技术。     

型煤在煤气发生炉中的气化及工艺条件的优化

工业生产线上生产的气化型煤 ,在 TG— 3MI型煤气发生炉中进行了长期的气化生产并稳定运行了多年 .就气化型煤在煤气发生炉中的气化结果和目前存在的问题进行了分析 ,认为型煤气化工艺操作条件在一定程度上是型煤在煤气发生炉系统上制气好坏的关键因素 ,并就型煤气化工艺条件的优化进行了分析探讨     

Optimal coupling of a biomass based polygeneration system with a concentrated solar power facility for the constant production of electricity over a year

In this paper we address the integration of a polygeneration system based on biomass with a concentrated solar power facility for the constant production of electricity over a year long. The process is modelled as a superstructure embedding two different gasification technologies, direct and indirect, and two reforming modes, partial oxidation or steam reforming followed by gas cleaning and three alternatives for the syngas use, water gas shift reactor (WGSR) to produce hydrogen, a furnace for thermal energy production and an open Brayton cycle. We couple this system with a concentrated solar plant that uses tower technology, molten salts and a regenerative Rankine cycle. The problem is formulated as a multi-period mixed-integer non linear programming problem (MINLP). The optimal integration involves the use of indirect gasification, steam reforming and a Brayton cycle to produce 340 MW of electricity at 0.073 €/kWh and 97 kt/yr of hydrogen as a credit.     

焦炭质量与高炉冶炼关系的再思考

不断追求高的焦炭热强度与炼焦煤资源短缺的矛盾在不断加剧,直接威胁到高炉工艺的可持续发展和生存.从冶金反应工程学的视角对焦炭质量问题进行了讨论.由于浮氏体气相还原和焦炭气化是一对耦合反应,焦炭在高炉内气化的多少主要由矿石的还原性决定,在使用高还原性铁矿石时,提高焦炭的反应性对改善高炉效率有利.实验研究证明,影响高炉强化和喷煤比提高的限制性因素是高炉下部的多相正常对流运动,而通过提高焦炭的抗粒度降级能力能够增大焦炭料层的透气性和透液性,促进高炉的顺行.建议开展炼铁、焦化和煤炭地质等多学科研究,尽快制定新的焦炭质量标准.     

Ca-and Mg-rich waste as high active carrier for chemical looping gasification of biomass

Chemical looping gasification (CLG) is a promising technology for high-quality syngas production.One key issue to successful CLG is the selection of high-performance oxygen carrier.In this study,several Ca-and Mg-rich steelmaking wastes from steel industry,such as blast furnace slag (BF slag),blast furnace dust (BF dust) and Linz-Donawitz converter slag (LD slag),were used as oxygen carriers in chemical loop-ing gasification of biomass.The results showed that the reducibility of Ca-and Mg-rich waste,especially LD slag and BF dust,was superior to that of hematite.Considering long-term operation,the cyclic stability of steelmaking waste was tested.BF dust showed a poor stability,while the other carrier (hematite,BF slag or LD slag) presented an excellent stability during multiple redox cycles in spite of partial sintering and agglomeration.Moreover,the effects of supply oxygen coefficient (O/B ratio) and reaction tempera-ture on CLG of biomass were investigated.The results revealed that Ca-and Mg-rich waste exhibited a higher syngas production compared to hematite.The higher performance could be attributed to the improved reduction rate of Fe2O3 and gasification rate of biomass by Ca or Mg in steelmaking waste.In addition,LD slag exhibited the higher gas value at the O/B ratio of 1 at 900 ℃.As a consequence,LD slag was an appropriate oxygen carrier for CLG of biomass in terms of perfect reducibility,superior cyclic stability and high reactivity.     

煤粉气化装置中的磨煤干燥系统设计概要

介绍了国内煤粉气化装置中磨煤干燥系统的生产工艺流程,针对磨煤干燥的特点与电厂燃煤锅炉制粉和冶金行业的高炉煤粉喷吹制粉系统进行了比较,并对磨煤干燥采用的设备选型进行了论述。     

双流化床生物质气化炉研究进展

生物质是重要的清洁可再生能源,双流化床生物质气化技术是将低品位的生物质能转化成高品位氢能的重要途径。本文阐明了双流化床气化过程的基本原理,从燃气中氢气浓度、焦油含量和装置热效率等角度,介绍了双流化床生物质气化技术的早期探索和发展现状,对目前几种典型双流化床生物质气化炉的炉型设计及相关试验研究进行了分析和总结。指出内循环双流化床气化炉结构虽然简单紧凑,但是难以避免气化室和燃烧室之间的气体串混问题;而外循环流化床通过外置返料器很好地解决了气体串混问题。分析了不同气化室优化设计方案对提升燃气品质的理论依据及其优缺点。最后对双流化床生物质气化技术的发展进行了总结和展望,指出双流化床生物质气化制氢具有非常广阔的工业化应用和发展前景。     

Pure hydrogen from pyrolysis oil using the steam-iron process

The novelty of using pyrolysis oil in the steam-iron process to produce pure hydrogen is introduced. In this process, products of pyrolysis oil gasification are used to reduce iron oxides which are subsequently oxidized with steam, resulting in pure hydrogen. Two process alternatives are considered: (i) a once-through concept in which cheap iron oxide (in our case sintered pellets of natural iron ore, Fe₂O₃) is used in one cycle, before further processing in a blast furnace, and (ii) a continuous system, in which specially developed iron oxides (in our case an ammonia catalyst) are cycled between a reduction and oxidation reactor. By injecting pyrolysis oil in a fluidized bed filled with Fe₃O₄ at 800 °C, it has been shown that CO and H₂ as well as coke by the gasification reactions contribute to the reduction. Experiments including a complete redox cycle with the ammonia catalyst have shown that a hydrogen production in the oxidation of 0.84 N m³/kg dry pyrolysis oil (LHV H₂/LHV oil = 0.4) can be obtained when the conversion of iron oxides are low (1.0%). The gas produced in the reduction step under these conditions contains 38% of the heating value of the input and has an LHV of 7.8 MJ/N m³ gas product. Deactivation of the iron oxides has been observed by a decreasing reduction rate in subsequent redox cycles. BET and SEM analysis showed a decrease in surface area, which could partly explain the observed deactivation.