磁致伸缩位移传感器检测信号分析

实验研究了磁致伸缩位移传感器的探测电压信号,以便提高磁致伸缩位移传感器的检测精度。分析和验证了波导丝材料、驱动脉冲电流、检测线圈等参数对磁致伸缩位移传感器输出电压的影响规律。对检测线圈进行了优化设计,基于实验数据确定了传感器的各项参数值。实验发现磁致伸缩系数大、魏德曼效应显著的Fe-Ga材料作为波导丝,可明显提高电-磁-机械能的转换效率,获得较大的检测电压信号。研制了新型Fe-Ga波导丝磁致伸缩位移传感器样机,并与Fe-Ni波导丝传感器进行了性能对比。结果表明,与Fe-Ni波导丝相比,Fe-Ga波导丝磁致伸缩位移传感器的检测信号明显增强,信噪比显著提高,其检测电压信号幅值比Fe-Ni波导丝检测电压信号幅值提高了40mV,相应的传感器精度提高了2倍。     

基于反转威德曼效应的管道扭转导波监测换能器设计北大核心CSCD

针对预磁化式磁致伸缩扭转导波换能器换能效率低、磁致伸缩材料消磁导致无法长期监测的不足,文中基于反转威德曼效应设计了一种永磁式磁致伸缩扭转导波换能器,适用于长距离管道健康监测。首先,阐述磁致伸缩扭转导波换能器换能机理,提出管道周向永磁阵列和柔性曲折线圈换能器结构。然后,使用COMSOL Multiphysics软件对换能器偏置磁场进行仿真,研究永磁铁对偏置磁场的影响,并确定永磁铁阵列参数。最后,在管道中激励扭转导波,实验研究磁致伸缩贴片宽度对换能器频率响应特性的影响。实验结果表明:设计的换能器能够在管道中激励纯净的T(0,1)模态导波,通过调整磁致伸缩贴片宽度,能够改变换能器中心频率。     

永磁体对磁致伸缩位移传感器波导丝扭转应变的影响分析

为提高磁致伸缩位移传感器输出电压幅值,对波导丝的扭转应变进行研究.基于电磁学与理论力学相关理论建立了波导丝扭转应变的数学模型及三维有限元仿真模型,对波导丝扭转应变的影响因素进行分析.并进行实验,得出相对应的传感器输出电压变化情况.结果表明,传感器输出电压与波导丝发生的扭转应变量最大值变化趋势一致,两者均随着永磁体充磁、...     

磁致伸缩液位传感器双检测线圈温度补偿与噪声抑制

为了校正扭转波速度、补偿温度、抑制脉冲电流噪声以及提高输出信号的信噪比,设计了一种双检测线圈结构应用于磁致伸缩液位传感器。推导了扭转波速度与温度的数学模型,得到了扭转波速度随温度的变化趋势;分析了单检测线圈结构存在温度影响测量结果与脉冲电流幅值大等问题。通过理论分析,最终的实验结果表明,与单检测线圈结构相比,双检测线圈结构能够快速计算扭转波速度,补偿温度对测量结果的影响,将脉冲电流噪声信号幅值降低至原来的1/27,测量误差由原来的0.18 mm降低至0.02 mm。双检测线圈结构为磁致伸缩液位传感器优化设计提供了理论指导。     

基于压电陶瓷的磁致伸缩位移传感器建模分析

对基于压电陶瓷的磁致伸缩位移传感器进行建模与分析。通过磁极化强度模型,分析了弹性波机理。以波导丝和压电陶瓷拾音器为讨论核心,综合运用弹性波振动模型、磁机耦合关系、压电效应等理论,推导了传感器系统的磁机耦合模型及电压输出模型,表明了系统结果主要与磁场强度、脉冲电流、距离、材料参数等有关。通过搭建以压电陶瓷作拾音器的磁致伸缩位移传感器系统,比较模型数据和实验结果,证明了系统模型的合理性,为磁致伸缩位移传感器的研究提供了理论参考。     

液体黏滞系数测量新方法

提出一种利用磁致伸缩传感器在金属杆(探杆)中激励超声导波扭转模态,用于液体黏滞系数测量的新方法。与基于导波波速的理论测量模型(波速模型)相比较,分析基于导波衰减系数的理论测量模型(衰减模型)的优势,并通过数值仿真分析衰减法模型中频率、探杆材料以及直径3个参数对测量结果的影响。根据磁致伸缩传感器系统设计原理,针对被检测液体黏滞系数范围,给出满足系统整体最佳衰减值为1 Np或限制在0.5~5 Np范围内要求的传感器系统最佳设计参数。利用衰减法对不同浓度(质量分数)的丙三醇溶液的黏滞系数进行试验测量,结果显示,试验测量值与传统方法测得的参考值,以及理论模型预测曲线相吻合,表明该方法可用于牛顿液体黏滞系数的测量。     

磁致伸缩压力传感器设计及其输出特性

研究了铁镓合金(Galfenol)的磁致伸缩特性,提出一种基于Galfenol的新型磁致伸缩压力传感器,以实现机器人的触觉力精确感知。该传感器利用磁致伸缩逆效应将压力转换为电压信号,从而完成对压力的精确测量。设计、制作了磁致伸缩压力传感器,采用双永磁体回形磁路优化了压力传感器的磁场。对传感器进行了理论分析与实验研究,讨论了偏置条件、外压力等因素对输出电压峰值的影响。实验结果表明,在偏置磁场为4.8kA/m、施加的压力为2.5Hz、6N时,传感器的输出电压峰值达16mV,且输出电压峰值与压力呈较好的线性关系。研制的传感器具有结构简单、线性度好、反应速度快等特点,可以满足机器人触觉感知的需求,也可应用于其他领域的压力测量。     

超声导波激励频率选取对其模式控制的影响

超声导波在管道中传播模式有纵波、扭转波和弯曲波三种模式,由于扭转波在管道中传播具有非频散特性,在超声导波管道无损检测中得到广泛应用,但在管道中激发出扭转波的同时常常伴随着纵波的出现,导致超声导波检测信号难以识别和分析处理。针对这一问题,计算管道中超声导波传播频散曲线,通过控制扭转波激励频率在纵波的截止频率区范围内选取的方法,抑制纵波的产生。为了验证该方法的有效性和正确性,利用磁致伸缩导波无损检测装置对管道进行一系列不同激励频率的试验。研究结果表明：试验结果与理论结论相吻合,该方法为导波无损检测信号识别和工程应用提供了十分重要的理论依据和指导作用。     

磁致伸缩导波传感器换能效率估计方法

偏置磁场与磁致伸缩纵向导波传感器换能效率密切相关,为了解决磁致伸缩纵向导波检测中缺少传感器换能效率估计手段的问题,提出了一种估计永磁式磁致伸缩纵向导波传感器换能效率的方法。首先,从磁致伸缩导波能量转换的角度出发,建立了截面区域偏置磁场强度与导波接收信号幅值间的关系;其次,根据磁致伸缩纵向导波偏置磁场的作用机理,针对管道内磁场不均匀现象,提出了磁致伸缩纵向导波传感器换能效率的评估方法;然后,通过有限元仿真及实验对通过管道表面空气中的磁场强度表征管道内偏置磁场的可行性进行了验证;最后,通过实验确定了方法的有效性。该方法通过测量管道外表面空气中周向多个位置的轴向磁场强度表征管道截面内偏置磁场强度,利用偏置磁场强度与导波通过信号幅值关系曲线得到不同区域单元振动对导波信号的能量贡献计算得到加权幅值,并以此幅值为依据估计传感器的换能效率。实现了对磁致伸缩导波传感器换能效率的估计,为仪器智能化研究提供了基础。     

钢管中基于磁致伸缩效应扭转导波激励的实验研究

对磁致伸缩扭转导波传感器进行了实验研究。在钢管外表面粘贴与钢管轴向方向成45°角的铁钴条带,通过条带的磁致伸缩效应,在钢管中成功地激发出T(0,1)模态扭转导波,得到了信噪比良好的信号。使用多种激励频率对完整管道进行测试,对信号进行对比研究,得出了最佳的激励频率。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.