基于铯光泵磁力仪的地震地磁矢量测量系统

为解决地震地磁矢量观测中质子矢量磁力仪噪声大,长期观测中存在明显漂移,磁通门磁力仪温度效应明显,保温磁房投入大等问题,研制了基于铯光泵磁力仪的地震地磁矢量测量系统,本文详细介绍了其测量原理及仪器结构,设计了混合分量线圈装置,并开展了稳定性分析。研制的样机在蒙城地震台开展了观测实验。结果表明,实验期内记录良好,采样率达到1 Hz, 1月份总强度、水平分量和磁偏角月噪声分别为0.01 nT、0.02 nT和0.003′,优于地震地磁观测基本网质子矢量磁力仪最好噪声水平,也优于同场地两台磁通门磁力仪的噪声水平和基准网的平均噪声水平。其实验期内水平分量和磁偏角最大漂移分别为1.3 nT和0.16′,小于座钟式质子矢量磁力仪基线漂移,具有良好的稳定性。     

基于OVERHAUSER效应磁探头的矢量磁场测量仪

为了获取多分量的地磁场信息,设计了基于OVERHAUSER效应磁探头的矢量磁场测量仪。首先详细阐述矢量磁场测量的工作原理,分析磁偏角、磁倾角与总强度的几何关系,确定一组正交偏置线圈的磁轴方向和一个测量周期所得测量数据的数学关系;然后分析正交偏置球形线圈的均匀区和偏置磁场的幅度对研制测量仪的噪声影响。为验证理论分析,在地磁台站对研制测量仪的性能进行测试和对比观测。结果表明,球形线圈的非均匀度优于5‰,偏置磁场幅度约为总强度磁场幅度的20%左右可以获得较好的噪声性能,总强度F、磁偏角D和磁倾角I的噪声(峰峰值)分别为0.19 n T、0.002 9°、0.003 3°。     

地磁测量误差矢量补偿方法研究

精确补偿磁测误差是确保地磁导航精度的一项关键技术。针对磁干扰补偿问题,提出了一种改进的基于模糊自适应卡尔曼滤波的矢量补偿方法。该方法对卡尔曼滤波中的观测矩阵进行修改,有效地解决了某些参数收敛过慢的问题;通过监视实时得到的量测新息的实际方差与理论方差的比值,应用模糊控制理论对卡尔曼滤波的量测噪声协方差进行递推修正,使其逐渐逼近真实噪声水平,进而得到最优估计参数。仿真结果表明,该方法对于时变的量测噪声具有较强的自适应性,总场补偿误差从175.8 nT降低到6.7nT,X、Y、Z方向的补偿误差分别由59.2、110.2、122.2 nT降低到6.0、1.7、1.5 nT,总量和分量补偿精度显著提高。最后通过构建矢量测量系统实验验证了改进方法具有较快的收敛速度且具有更高的补偿精度,为磁场测量误差矢量补偿提供了良好的借鉴。     

分量质子旋进式磁力仪

质子旋进式磁力仪系利用核磁共振原理测量地磁场的仪器。这种仪器配置两套亥姆霍兹线圈后,不仅可以测量地磁场的总强度,而且还可以测量水平和垂直分量。仪器的最高灵敏度为0.1γ,测量范围:20000～65000γ,地磁场总强度的测量精度优于0.3γ,水平和垂直分量优于1γ。本文扼要地叙述了仪器的基本原理,设计要求,关键部件的特色,台站实验结果。我们提出了闭合误差的概念,作为仪器测量精度的判据,测量仪器的瞬时均方差,以表征测量的重复性和可靠性。     

基于无迹卡尔曼滤波和设备的三轴磁强计校正

采用无迹卡尔曼滤波(unscented Kalman filter,UKF)磁强计模型参数估计方法,提出对三轴磁强计的总量及分量误差进行校正。采用高精度质子磁力仪提供磁场基准值,借助无磁转台实现磁强计全方位转动,对一款DM-050三轴磁强计进行了参数估计,并将参数估计值运用到总量和分量校正。仿真结果表明,参数估计值与磁强计实际参数值一致。校正后,磁强计总量误差从427.9 nT减少到2.06 nT;X、Y、Z轴分量误差分别减少到1.84 nT、1.96 nT、1.72 nT。而且证明了UKF对磁强计模型参数估计的重复性良好,并研究了噪声幅度大小对UKF的性能影响程度。实验结果表明,磁强计误差从114.94 nT减少到14.47 nT,表明该方法能有效提高磁强计测量精度。     

地空瞬变电磁三分量空芯线圈传感器设计

瞬变电磁法(TEM)作为地球物理非地震探勘的主要电磁方法之一,广泛应用于油气、矿产等地下资源探测,采集数据时一般使用线圈传感器。针对现有的TEM单分量线圈传感器存在的反应异常体信息不全面和数据易丢失的问题,本文设计了一个三分量TEM线圈传感器。通过分析传感器灵敏度与线圈结构参数的关系,对线圈结构、匝数等进行了设计;通过分析TEM磁场传感器频率响应特点,采用欠阻尼匹配模式减小信号失真;通过分析磁传感器各类噪声源分布,选定了适宜的放大器,降低了本底噪声。所研制的三分量TEM感应式磁场传感器重量控制在3.2 kg,工作频段为10 mHz-10 kHz,X分量和Y分量的本底噪声保持在■,灵敏度分别为8.4 nT/s和9.8 nT/s,垂直分量的本底噪声达到■,灵敏度为18.5 nT/s。与现有的单分量TEM接收磁场传感器相比,本设计实现了三个分量的信号采集,且在体积和总重量增大不多的基础上,降低了传感器的灵敏度和本底噪声,提高了信号的信噪比。     

大动态范围磁通门磁力仪及其在定向误差校正中的应用

仪器定向误差会影响地磁矢量观测数据的准确性,现有的校正方法需要已知地磁场模量或参考标准仪器,且难以应用 在井下和海洋等无法手动安装调整仪器的情况。 本文提出了大动态磁通门磁力仪和在此基础上的欧拉旋转变换的矢量校正方 法。 该方法可在无需参考标准仪器的情况下,获得磁通门的定向角度误差并进行自校正测量。 在地磁观测台站进行了实验,结 果表明,当实验仪器定向误差分别设置为 4 个不同象限区间的大角度时,校正后与台站比测仪器对应分量的相关系数仍达到 0. 99 以上,B-A 图中置信区间长度减小了 86% 以上,RMS 误差降低至 15% 以下,论证了该校正方法的有效性,能够提高地磁台 站的观测数据质量,并为井下和海洋地磁观测的定向提供参考解决方案。     

双气室铯光泵磁力仪设计与验证

由于自激振荡式单气室光泵磁力仪受移相电路限制测量范围较窄,对双气室光泵磁力仪进行集成化研究和改进,基于对光泵磁力仪基本原理的推导论证,提出了双气室铯光泵磁力仪的一种高度集成的设计结构。该方案中以垂直腔面发射激光器作为泵浦光源,以刀锋直角棱镜反射镜作为分光镜片,其余元件沿光轴对称排布,利用左旋、右旋圆偏振光的双泵浦光结构和双气室布置实现相移互补,不需要移相电路。利用搭建的原理样机测得实验环境下地磁场强度为37 586.79 nT,并利用扫描方式测得三轴分量。双气室铯光泵磁力仪原理样机的测量范围为25 700～77 000 nT,灵敏度约为20 pT/(Hz)^1/2。实验结果和对比测量结果、理论计算结果相吻合,验证了双气室光泵磁力仪的理论分析,证实了该双气室光泵磁力仪结构的可行性和精确度。     

基于长光栅旋转测角法的水平测倾仪

理论与实验表明 ,小角度的测量可通过长光栅旋转来实现。建立在傅立叶光学理论基础上的分析与实验结果是一致的。采用本方法制成的精密水平测倾仪 ,其测量范围为± 30′,测量精度为± 1″,最小分辨率为 0 .1″,仪器具有绝对零点 ,示值稳定性为± 0 .3″,为研制高精度、大量程的水平测角仪器进行了有益的探索。     

用于磁电阻率探测的矢量线圈传感器设计与优化

磁电阻率(MMR)探测方法作为一种新型的堤坝渗漏探测方法,采集数据时主要依靠线圈传感器,针对MMR信号对要求灵敏度高,需要精准矢量采集的特点,本文设计了一款三分量MMR空心线圈传感器。通过对传感器灵敏度与线圈结构参数的分析,对线圈的结构、匝数进行了设计;通过对传感器噪声源分析,选定了适宜的放大器,进一步降低了系统的本底噪声;通过对三分量不正交角度的分析,对线圈的不正交角度进行了参数校正。最终研制了一款三分量MMR线圈传感器。其体积控制在0.027m3,X、Y、Z三分量本底噪声为5.030 435nV/(Hz)^1/2@380Hz,三通道的磁场探测灵敏度为0.189 95pT/(Hz)^1/2@380Hz,三通道一致性良好,三分量校正误差控制在0.2%以内。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.