草莓多酚类植物化学物研究进展

草莓是世界上栽培最广泛的水果之一,具有很高的营养价值和经济价值。草莓中富含维生素、矿物质、膳食纤维等传统的营养性成分,而且其中的多酚类植物化学物(主要为草莓酚酸类黄酮、草莓鞣花单宁、草莓原花青素、草莓花青素等)具有良好的抗氧化、防衰老、抗炎症、保护皮肤、改善消化系统病理学状况、预防慢性非传染性疾病(如高血压、高血脂、心脑系统疾病等)、参与细胞信号流、调控转录因子及与细胞代谢和存活相关基因的表达等功能。众多研究表明,增加这类物质的摄入对于人类保健和一些疾病预防有着重要的作用。本文就近年来草莓果实中主要的功能性成分及对人体健康的功用进行了综述,主要集中于多酚类植物化学物,旨在为草莓功能性成分的研究提供综合信息。     

熊果酸的提取工艺、生物活性及作用机制研究进展

熊果酸是一种存在于水果、蔬菜和中草药等天然植物中的五环三萜类化合物,具有多种生物学效应,在食品、药品和化妆品开发方面具有广阔的应用前景。熊果酸结构复杂,难以通过化学手段合成,从天然植物中提取分离是获取熊果酸的主要途径。本文概述了熊果酸的传统和新型提取工艺,总结了熊果酸在抗氧化、抗炎、抗肿瘤、保护肝脏和心脏、改善糖脂代谢紊乱等方面的生物活性和作用机制,并对熊果酸未来研究方向进行展望,以期为后续熊果酸的生物活性和作用机制研究,为其在食品与医药领域的开发应用提供理论依据。     

齐墩果酸和熊果酸提取、分离与测定方法研究进展

齐墩果酸和熊果酸属五环三萜类化合物,在自然界广泛分布,具有抗炎、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、抗氧化和保肝等多种生物活性,是多种植物的有效成分。该文对近年来齐墩果酸和熊果酸提取、分离及测定方法的最新研究进展和成果进行总结,为齐墩果酸和熊果酸的制备、检测及相关食品的开发提供更多的理论依据。     

植物甾醇的安全性研究进展

植物甾醇是一类以环戊烷全氢菲为主体骨架,3位羟基的甾体化合物,广泛存在于各种植物油、坚果、植物以及蔬菜水果中。植物甾醇具有降低血清中胆固醇的作用,在防治前列腺疾病、抗癌、抗炎、提高免疫力等方面也具有重要作用。目前作为功能性食品添加剂和食品原料出现在各类食品中。本文就植物甾醇的应用与安全性研究新进展进行综述。     

植物雌激素抗肿瘤作用机制研究进展

植物雌激素是一类植物来源具有雌激素活性的非甾族杂环多酚类天然化合物,但其雌激素活性较雌二醇低,具有类雌激素或抗雌激素效应,可产生双向调节作用,对激素相关性疾病具有广泛预防作用。近年来的流行病调查和实验室研究显示,植物雌激素具有预防和抑制乳腺癌、前列腺癌、子宫内膜癌、卵巢癌、结肠癌等肿瘤的作用,但其机制目前尚未完全阐明。本文就近几年植物雌激素防癌作用、抗肿瘤作用及其机制进行综述,为肿瘤的预防和治疗提供新的思路。     

亚麻木酚素对动脉粥样硬化的改善作用研究进展

木酚素是一种植物雌激素,存在于多种植物中,亚麻籽中含量最高。研究表明亚麻木酚素具有降低血脂、预防心血管疾病、抗氧化、抗癌、抗炎以及抗动脉粥样硬化(AS)等多种生理功能。虽然关于其抗AS的作用已有相关报道,但具体机制还有待进一步研究。AS是发生于动脉的多发性、慢性、炎症性疾病。目前关于其发病的确切机制尚不明确,但有研究表明高血脂、高血压、高血糖、氧化应激以及炎症反应等都是AS的危险因素。主要对亚麻木酚素对AS的改善作用进行综述,以期为亚麻木酚素功能性食品的研究开发提供借鉴。     

植物多糖对肾损伤干预效果及作用机制研究进展

植物多糖作为一种食物来源,往往以膳食纤维的形式对人体产生有益的影响,有效抗肾脏损伤是其重要的作用之一。目前对于肾脏病的预防与治疗主要以药物为主,对于保健品、功能性食品等辅助治疗肾脏病的研究报道较少。该文从食品角度简述了植物多糖对糖尿病肾损伤、缺血再灌注肾损伤、重金属肾损伤、化学性肾损伤和药物性肾损伤的干预效果,并从直接和间接两个方面着重探讨了多糖发挥抗肾损伤的作用机制,进一步对植物多糖抗肾损伤的研究方向进行展望,以期为研发干预肾损伤的功能性食品提供参考。     

植物活性成分抗骨质疏松症的研究进展

骨质疏松症是一种以骨量减少、骨质量下降和骨微结构退化为特征的全身性骨病,其成因是破骨细胞活性大于成骨细胞,导致骨吸收大于骨形成。目前治疗骨质疏松的方法主要是通过补钙或药物治疗,但会伴有吸收差、效果不明显、副作用大等缺点。而植物天然活性成分具有来源广泛、结构丰富、不良反应少等特点,可以作为预防和治疗骨质疏松的新方法。本文综述了骨质疏松症和植物活性成分的抗骨质疏松作用,通过分析相关信号通路、转录因子、蛋白表达等方面的研究,阐述了植物活性成分的抗骨质疏松机制以及相关临床研究。在此基础上,介绍了药食同源植物的抗骨质疏松产品,旨在为开发新的药物和功能食品提供理论支持。     

熊果酸酯的合成及其抗CCl4肝损伤活性

报道了4个熊果酸酯的合成,对熊果酸、熊果酸乙酯、熊果酸辛酯进行了抗CCl4肝损伤活性检测,得出熊果酸、熊果酸乙酯、熊果酸辛酯在60 mg/kg时对ALT、AST也都有显著的降低作用,其中,熊果酸与熊果酸乙酯相比较,抗肝损伤能力相差不大,而熊果酸辛酯具有显著的抗肝损伤作用,甚至优于对照组甘草酸二铵(DGL).     

功能性食品在军用领域的应用

军用功能性食品是保健食品的一种,具有增强军人身体防御机能、促进军人在不同条件下调节生理机能、预防疾病和机体康复等方面的功能,还具有在战场上和特殊条件下为官兵提供对恶劣环境的抵抗和防御作用.在军事领域,功能性食品在对抗疲劳、抗辐射、抗应激(抗缺氧、抗低温)等方面具有广泛的应用前景.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the