激光粒度仪在色釉料行业中的应用

本文简述了激光粒度仪的原理和结构,指出了它的性能特点和对色釉料行业的适用性,举例说明了它在色釉料日常生产性测试和研发性测试中的作用,最后探讨了实际应用中遇到的问题和及其解决办法。     

石墨烯的制备及其在水处理中的应用研究进展

石墨烯是一种由碳原子以sp~2杂化轨道形成的只有一个碳原子厚度的二维碳质新材料,优异的特性使其在很多领域有着广泛应用。简述了石墨烯的特性,介绍了石墨烯及其氧化物的制备方法,详细阐述了石墨烯及其氧化物的复合材料在水处理领域的应用。石墨烯及其氧化物加入到其他材料中可提升其他材料的性能,但它们对水中有机物及重金属离子吸附机理还有待进一步研究。     

Antimicrobial Activity of Chitosan Derivatives Containing N-Quaternized Moieties in Its Backbone: A Review

Chitosan, which is derived from a deacetylation reaction of chitin, has attractive antimicrobial activity. However, chitosan applications as a biocide are only effective in acidic medium due to its low solubility in neutral and basic conditions. Also, the positive charges carried by the protonated amine groups of chitosan (in acidic conditions) that are the driving force for its solubilization are also associated with its antimicrobial activity. Therefore, chemical modifications of chitosan are required to enhance its solubility and broaden the spectrum of its applications, including as biocide. Quaternization on the nitrogen atom of chitosan is the most used route to render water-soluble chitosan-derivatives, especially at physiological pH conditions. Recent reports in the literature demonstrate that such chitosan-derivatives present excellent antimicrobial activity due to permanent positive charge on nitrogen atoms side-bonded to the polymer backbone. This review presents some relevant work regarding the use of quaternized chitosan-derivatives obtained by different synthetic paths in applications as antimicrobial agents.     

Mechanical properties of poly(ether-ether-ketone) for engineering applications

An outline of the characteristics of PEEK and the versatility of its compositional forms (micro and macro composites) are given to illustrate its wide potential for success in engineering applications. Although it is necessary to have particular tabulations of mechanical properties for engineering design, these are seldom available and consequently it is argued that an understanding of stiffness, toughness and strength properties are required to fully exploit available manufacturer's data and thus develop the full potential of PEEK and its composites. Stiffness characteristics are considered in terms of a modulus function which is dependent on time under load and temperature. In its composite forms, whether reinforced with short or continuous fibres, stiffness anistropy can be both considerable and complex, but some empirical ground-rules are apparent. For continuous fibre composites even in the form of complex lay-ups, it is also possible to attempt some stiffness prediction from certain pseudo-elastic constants. Toughness of PEEK and its composites is described in terms of both comparative and intrinsic properties. Instrumented falling weight impact data, particularly as a function of temperature enable some insight into ductile-brittle transitions for the unreinforced material, but crack initiation and crack propagation processes for the various fibre reinforced forms. Intrinsic toughness is described in terms of linear elastic fracture mechanics theory. Strength properties are described for static and dynamic loading configurations. In particular, PEEK and its composites are evaluated for increasing test severities for strength characteristics; stress concentration, loading form and test temperature are considered.     

雷尼镍催化剂

雷尼镍（Ｒａｎｅｙ－Ｎｉ）是一种历史悠久、应用广泛的催化剂，近几十年来，在Ｒａｎｅｙ－Ｎｉ制备、表征和改性等方面的研究进展，大大加深了对其物性和制备机理的了解。本文对此作了综述。     

壳聚糖及其衍生物的抗菌活性研究进展

壳聚糖及其衍生物具有无毒、可生物降解、生物相容和抗菌性等许多优点,作为新型抗菌剂已引起越来越多的关注,但壳聚糖的溶解性差限制了其应用。为有效解决这一问题,研究人员通过化学改性提高其水溶性和抗菌性。本文综述了近年来壳聚糖及其衍生物抗菌活性的研究情况,并就其可能的抗菌机理及其影响抗菌活性的因素进行讨论。     

以尿素为氮源生产复混肥中缩二脲的控制

阐述缩二脲的物性及生成机理 ;复混肥中缩二脲的检测方法 ;缩二脲对作物生长的影响 ;复混肥有关标准中对缩二脲指标的要求。论述团粒法复混肥生产过程中影响缩二脲生成的因素及降低其生成的措施 :主要是避免尿素 (或尿液 )在高温下停留时间过长     

镁及镁合金电镀与化学镀

介绍了镁及镁合金电镀与化学镀工艺流程、浸锌及直接化学镀镍等前处理工艺,以及已应用于镁及镁合金上的各种镀层.同时,对电镀及化学镀在镁及镁合金上的应用和发展状况作了简要评述.     

缓释型磷酸盐玻璃的研究进展

磷酸盐玻璃的主要成分对环境和人体无害,其基本结构决定了它的化学性质不稳定,但其缓释性能在生物医学、抗菌和玻璃肥料等领域具有很大的应用前景。在系统地介绍磷酸盐玻璃的概况及其在缓释领域的主要应用的基础上,详细阐述了它的缓释机理,以及缓释型磷酸盐玻璃在生物医学、玻璃肥料和抗菌材料等不同领域的研究及应用进展,并对其发展前景和发展方向进行了展望。     

无机-有机柱撑蒙脱石在工业废水处理中的应用研究

蒙脱石( Montmorillonite)因其具有较大的比表面积、丰富的孔结构及低廉的成本,在众多领域广泛应用。尤其在工业废水处理领域,与传统的吸附剂相比,蒙脱石因其特殊的结构,可以通过无机改性来改善其孔结构、提高其比表面积,从而提高其吸附容量;通过有机改性来改善其表面疏水性,增加对有机分子间的亲和力,为拓展蒙脱石在工业废水处理领域中的应用提供了新思路。本文阐述了蒙脱石的结构、性质以及改性方法,在此基础上,着重归纳了无机-有机柱撑蒙脱石在工业废水处理中的应用研究状况,并对研究前景进行了展望。     

利用硫资源发展有机硫化工产品

主张用硫磺资源发展市场需求的有机硫化工产品.介绍了有机硫化工主要产品系统及国外主要产品的生产流程,并针对国内有机硫化工中存在的问题提出了发展硫化工的几点意见.     

微波介质陶瓷及其展望

综述了微波介质陶瓷材料的特性和发展现状，介绍了几种重要的微波介质陶瓷体系，讨论了微波介质陶瓷性能的影响因素，指出了改善其性能的途径和微波介质陶瓷的预期进展。     

陶瓷生产袋式除尘器参数的选择与设计

介绍了袋式除尘器的原理、特点及在陶瓷行业的应用.分析了袋式除尘器的主要设计参数对其除尘效率和安全可靠运行的影响,提出了袋式除尘器除尘主要参数的选择和设计方法,包括:滤袋材料结构、过滤速度、过滤面积、清灰方式等.针对目前一些陶瓷厂袋式除尘器的运行状态不良、除尘效率不佳的现状,指出了通过全面分析袋式除尘器各参数相互联系和相互作用的关系,优化组合设计参数,使除尘器的运行状态达到最佳的解决办法.为陶瓷企业袋式除尘器的设计、使用和维护提供了依据和参考.     

Palm oil products in cooking fats

Palm oil and its products are used widely, either on their own or in combination with other oils and fats, to make products for cooking and other applications such as baking, icing, filling and topping. Palm oil and its products are not only cheaper to process but also impart into the product the functional properties demanded by some of these applications. Legislation governing production and marketing of these products in some of the important countries is reviewed. The physico-chemical characteristics of products marketed in different countries are also presented. Formulations based on palm oil and its products are suggested to make low or notrans acid fats and high PUFA fats.     

The Economics of Ozonation at Monroe

The economics of operating the ozonation system at the water works in Monroe, Michigan, are reviewed after four years of successful operations. Operating expenses and overhead are analyzed and combined to determine the ultimate cost of taste and odor treatment by this unique method. The reliability of the system, its undemanding ease of operation, and its unvarying total effectiveness in meeting design objectives are parallelled by a host of beneficial side effects that compound its usefulness while effecting savings in other areas.     

RELATION BETWEEN INELASTIC DEFORMABILITY AND THERMAL EXPANSION OF GLASS IN ITS ANNEALING RANGE*

In accordance with experience concerning the behavior of glass at temperatures within its annealing range, an equation is proposed which relates the various extraordinary heat effects to the inelastic deformability and to the degree of superheating or undercooling. By using this equation in connection with the thermal-expansion curves of a glass within its annealing range, certain constants that are related to the coefficient of viscosity and its changes with temperature and the degree of superheating or undercooling have been determined with reasonable results. Such results make it possible to estimate the inelastic deformability of a glass in its various conditions at all annealing temperatures and are therefore valuable in connection with problems that are encountered in the process of annealing glass. The apparent success achieved in applying the proposed equation to experimental data suggests that the concepts underlying this equation are fundamental and must be considered in any theory concerning the constitution of glass or that of any other extremely viscous liquid.     

The Chemical Biology of Phosphoinositide 3‐Kinases

Since its discovery in the late 1980s, phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K), and its isoforms have arguably reached the forefront of signal transduction research. Regulation of this lipid kinase, its functions, its effectors, in short its entire signaling network, has been extensively studied. PI3K inhibitors are frequently used in biochemistry and cell biology. In addition, many pharmaceutical companies have launched drug‐discovery programs to identify modulators of PI3Ks. Despite these efforts and a fairly good knowledge of the PI3K signaling network, we still have only a rudimentary picture of the signaling dynamics of PI3K and its lipid products in space and time. It is therefore essential to create and use novel biological and chemical tools to manipulate the phosphoinositide signaling network with spatial and temporal resolution. In this review, we discuss the current and potential future tools that are available and necessary to unravel the various functions of PI3K and its isoforms.     

乙二胺为原料合成哌嗪及其衍生物的研究进展

介绍了以乙二胺为原料合成哌嗪及其衍生物的工艺方法.乙二胺可分别与环氧乙烷、乙二醇、一乙醇胺、二乙烯三胺等原料经不同的合成路线环合成哌嗪,也可自身环化合生成哌嗪.以乙二胺及其衍生物为初始原料,与其他有机物经过一系列的合成反应,可以生成哌嗪的衍生物.     

发挥煤炭资源优势，立足于燃料市场发展二甲醚工业

简述了二甲醚 (DME)的性质及生产技术 ,对比了 4种生产工艺的原材料及动力消耗 ,并对一步法制备二甲醚的工艺技术现状及发展趋势作了详细阐述。在对二甲醚的应用前景的介绍中 ,对二甲醚取代液化石油气和汽油作民用和汽车燃料进行了可行性分析。     

分子印迹聚合物的制备与应用研究进展

分子印迹技术也称之为分子膜技术,在分子识别和痕量分析中得到广泛的应用。利用分子印迹技术合成了分子印迹聚合物。近几十年来,该化合物受到了普遍的关注。分子印迹聚合物具有新型官能团,对某些分子具有空间识别性能。介绍了分子印迹聚合物的合成方法及机理,并论述了其在一些领域的应用进展。由于具有对某些分子的空间识别性能,在传感器中得到了应用;由于具有抵抗恶劣环境的能力,使其在酶催化方面得到应用;同样由于能够与具有类似结构的分子印迹聚合物相连接的能力,使其在膜分离及固相萃取中得到应用,在化学催化方面同样得到了应用。