Ökologische Bewertung eines neuen nichtionischen Antischaummittels

Ecological Evaluation of a New Non-Ionic Anti Foaming Agent It is shown that a new, non-ionic anti foaming agent, C_12/18 fatty alcohol + 10 EO-butyl ether, has a BiAS reduction of between 93–98%, and thus has a better degree of primary degradation than the legally required minimum of 80%. Total degradation tests, such as the Closed Bottle Test demonstrate further that the substance is readily biodegradable. A testing for possible metabolite formation revealed neither stable metabolites nor stable impurities or components. The relatively high acute fish toxicity (LC₀, Golden orfe: 0.35 mg AS/1) is compensated for by the good biodegradability. This could be experimentally shown by means of a complex simulation test, in which the test substance had initially to pass through a laboratory model sewage plant and finally through a series of water cascades and an open drain as river simulation.     

Eigenschaften und Einsatzmöglichkeiten eines neuen Wollwachs-Substituts

Properties and Applications of a New Wool Wax Substitute Physical and technical properties show that the wool wax substitute described resembles the natural product to a great extent. Use of saturated fatty acids and constant conditions of production yields a substitute having a-narrow range of chemical constants which is stable against oxidation and neutral in smell.     

Partikelcharakterisierung in hochkonzentrierten Dispersionen – Grundlegende Untersuchungen zu einer neuen Ultraschallmethode

A new method for inline characterization of particles in high concentrated dispersions by ultrasonic backscattering is described, that is sensitive against particle size and concentration. Analyzing the backscattering signal yields the sound attenuation as well as a scattering intensity equivalent. The measurement can be performed without sampling and minimally invasive directly in the process.     

Über die Verwendung eines neuen Magnesium-Kalium-Aluminium-Silikates in Anstrichmitteln

The Use of a New Magnesium-potassium-aluminium-silicate in Paints Plastorit is a mixed magnesium-aluminium-potassium-silicate (Mica). The specific character of this product results from its intergrowth with quartz and “Leuchtenbergit”, which leads to a submicroscopic rough surface. Thereby a good wettability is obtained which results good coloration properties. The addition of plastorit leads to the reduction of shrinkage and increases the elasticity of the final product. The better surface compactness gives a good rubresistance. Plastorit increases the resistance of the final product to changes in temperature and works as a stronger protection against U. V. rays. The insulation and viscosity increasing properties should also be mentioned.     

Technische und wirtschaftliche Aspekte eines neuen,kombinierten Trenn- und Trocknungssystems

Technical and Economic Aspects of a New Combined Separation and Drying System In the preparation of biological or synthetic active principles, salts or other solid substances from liquids, the processes such as crystallization, filtration, washing and drying are mostly carried out consecutively. For this purpose, several units such as crystallizer, filter and drier are generally used. The possibility of carrying out all these operations in a single unit, even under sterile conditions, is reported. Based on experimental results from a newly developed filter-drier, its possible fields of application are discussed with examples. Using the layout data, obtained empirically, it is possible to adapt and optimize the system for each separation. Choice of material of construction, protection of surface of the equipment parts coming in contact with the product, as well as the different sealing systems are discussed and the possible applications are shown. An economic analysis of this unit compared to alternative processes has been carried out.     

Einfluß der Bauart eines neuen Friteuse-Typs auf die Qualität des Fritierfettes

Influence of a New Type of Fryer on the Quality of Frying Fat In the past few years a new type of fryer is available on the market equiped with a special heating system. Instead of heating coils the fryer is fitted out with heating elements incorporated (alloyed) on the back of the heating surface. The special construction of the fat tray leads to a very intensive convention of the frying fat. It was investigated in which way this technical developments will influence the quality of the frying fat in comparison with two conventional (electrical and gas heated) fryers. The quality of the fat was characterized by the following parameters: viscosity, free fatty acids, saponification colour number, smoke point, polar compounds and the Oxifrit-quick-test. It is stated that the technical developments have a positive influence on the fat quality thus the fat can be used for a longer time.     

Effect of montmorillonite dispersion on flammability properties of poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) nanocomposites

Poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile)/Cloisite 20A (95/5) nanocomposites, having various spatial dispersion levels of the clay, were prepared with controlling clay concentrations in a solvent by the coagulation method. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy were used to characterize the structure and morphology of the nanocomposites on a nano-scale and on a micro-scale. Quantitative analysis of clay spatial dispersion in the nanocomposites based on the laser scanning confocal microscopy images was conducted from three different perspectives: 1) clay spatial distribution; 2) the non-clay-occupied domain size; and 3) the relationship between the frequency and intensity of pixels in the images. The results from these quantitative methods indicate that nanocomposites with different spatial dispersion levels of clay in the poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) matrix were obtained. Evidently, the ?d₀₀₁ data from the X-ray diffraction was found to be not useful in measuring the clay dispersion in the nanocomposites. The effect of clay dispersion on the flammability properties of the nanocomposites and relevant mechanism of the clay dispersion having influence on flammability were also investigated. In radiant gasification experiments at 50 kW/m², the best clay dispersion yielded a 32% reduction in peak mass loss rate, as compared to the nanocomposites with the worst dispersion.