世界HFC-23分解CDM项目动态研究

介绍了清洁发展机制产生的背景、针对减排的温室气体类型、分布的行业和领域以及项目的实施规则;世界氟化工行业HFC-23分解CDM项目的分布、规模和实施进展。     

在煤田灭火中引入清洁发展机制

煤田火灾每年造成大量煤炭资源损失,引起区域空气污染、水质恶化、生态灾难等环境问题。通过引入清洁发展机制(CDM),能有效解决目前煤田灭火工作中存在的资金不足、关键设备不能自给等问题,从而加快中国煤田灭火步伐。目前,国内已成功开发出煤田灭火CDM项目方法学,正准备报清洁发展机制执行理事会(EB)审批,为后续煤田灭火CDM项目开展打下坚实基础。     

浮法玻璃生产中燃料替代潜在CDM项目开发分析

结合浮法玻璃生产行业中玻璃熔窑燃油改燃天然气项目和兰州蓝天玻璃熔窑燃油改燃天然气潜在清洁发展机制项目开发,依据联合国气候变化框架公约清洁发展机制（CDM）执行理事会（EB）批准的方法学ACM0009（3.2版）,分析了浮法玻璃行业油改气节能改造潜在CDM项目开发的可行性。鉴于国内无一此类项获得EB注册,希望通过本文分析,有助于推动此类潜在CDM项目的开发,促进相关项目获得减排资金收益和先进技术引进的机会。     

清洁发展机制简介(Ⅲ)--清洁发展机制在中国

本系列讲座详细介绍了有关清洁发展机制(CDM)的基本知识,以及CDM在国内外的发展现状,并根据我国的国情,指出了CDM在中国实施的重要意义。本讲简要介绍了清洁发展机制在中国的一些情况,包括中国CDM项目管理规则和项目开发实施的基本流程及在中国开展CDM的优先领域及技术。     

CDM及其CDM项目实施

0前言实施清洁发展机制(CDM)项目,在我国已掀起热潮,截止2006年4月上旬,已有25个CDM项目获国家发改委批准,报联合国CDM执行理事会(EB)批准的项目已有7个,减排CO2当量3亿多吨,交易额达20多亿美元。水泥行业实施低温余热发电CDM项目,各方面条件已经成熟,但获国家发改委批准的项目     

碳交易在硅酸盐行业中的应用现状及未来展望

本文主要介绍了国际碳交易中清洁发展机制（CDM）项目的申请和实施流程,并介绍了硅酸盐行业可申请的CDM项目类型以及对未来国内碳交易市场的展望和硅酸盐行业可开展的低碳节能工作。     

学习CDM 实施CDM

实施清洁发展机制（CDM）项目，在我国已掀起热潮，截止4月上旬，已有25个CDM项目获国家发改委批准，报联合国CDM执行理事会（EB）批准的项目已有7个，减排CO2当量3亿吨，交易额达20多亿美元。     

财政部明确CDM项目免税政策

财政部就中国清洁发展机制（CDM）基金和清洁发展机制项目实施企业的有关企业所得税政策进行了明确,部分收入可免征企业所得税。     

水泥窑纯低温余热发电节能减排指标简化算法

随着国内纯低温余热发电技术的不断进步,对水泥窑窑头和窑尾排放的低温余热进行回收发电可取得较好的经济效益．因此．近几年水泥企业纷纷建设纯低温余热发电系统。利用余热发电系统产生电能用于生产．减少从电网购电．等同于电厂少发电．间接实现了温室气体CO2减排．既符合国家目前提倡的节能减排政策．如果余热发电项目在实施过程中存在诸如财务、技术、融资等障碍因素,又可以根据《京都议定书》向联合国EB组织申报清洁发展机制（CDM）项目．获得发达国家资金支持。对于水泥行业人员没有经过专门的培训．     

利用清洁发展机制 开发利用鹤壁矿区煤层气

论述了清洁发展机制的内容以及该机制对于我国开发利用煤层气的重要意义;简述了鹤壁矿区煤层气的储存情况及开发利用现状;鹤壁矿区在煤层气清洁发展机制项目方面已与法国一家公司签订了合作协议,将抓住清洁发展机制提供的机遇,大力开展煤层气综合利用工作。     

High Temperature Co-Electrolysis as a Key Technology for CO2 Emission Mitigation – A Model-Based Assessment of CDA and CCU

The mitigation of CO₂ emissions is a major challenge for modern society. While the mitigation of energy-related emissions can be achieved comparatively easy by switching to renewable energy sources, reduction of process-related industrial emissions is considerably more challenging. To reduce industrial CO₂ emissions, two basic routes are available: carbon direct avoidance (CDA) and carbon capture and utilization (CCU). It is shown that in terms of efficiency, CDA is to be favored when applicable. However, for applications where emissions cannot be avoided, CCU can be a viable approach allowing for emission mitigation.     

Biotechnology for industrial sustainability

Until recently waste production was seen as an inevitable outcome of industrial production and processing, and a problem that could be managed by end-of-pipe andin situ biotreatment, disposal, or simply be ignored. However the introduction of clean, or cleaner, technology options now is focussing attention on the minimisation of materials and energy use, and waste generation, and upon recycle. Thus clean technology has emerged as a concept that is compatible with industrial sustainability, and whose environmental benefitsand economic competitiveness have been demonstrable over a range of industrial sectors. Biotechnology is an enabling technology that offers one important route to clean products and processes; it provides powerful and versatile tools that can compete with chemical and physical means of reducing both material and energy consumption, and the generation of wastes and emissions. The wide penetration of biotechnology in industry has still to occur but many examples of its ability to deliver clean and competitive products and processes are now available particularly through the development and application of biocatalysts. The introduction of clean or cleaner processing does not necessarily entail a complete change in manufacturing strategy or the refitting of plant. Upgrading existing manufacturing processes by fitting biotechnology unit stages illustrates the opportunities for such intermediate technology. Nevertheless, for biotechnology to achieve its full potential as a basis for clean industrial products and processes beyond its current applications, innovative R&D will be needed. The successful application of biotechnology as a clean technology is illustrated in this review through a series of case studies, while the innovative nature of biotechnology in this context is demonstrated by the development and application of novel biocatalysts.     

煤矿抽放瓦斯综合利用CDM项目方法学研究

中国煤矿瓦斯CDM项目发展潜力巨大;但是由于CDM是个新生事物,并且煤矿瓦斯的抽放情况复杂多样,目前,还没有相关的方法学获得EB(Executive Board,联合国国执行理事会)的批准,这成为煤矿瓦斯CDM项目发展的瓶颈。本文介绍了现已申报的两个煤矿抽放瓦斯综合利用CDM项目方法学的主要内容,分析了其中存在的缺陷和不足,并且提出了相应的意见和建议,希望能给以后相关方面的研究带来一定的启发和帮助。     

Global estimates of potential mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions by agriculture

Technologies to reduce net emissions of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide within the agriculture sector were reviewed to estimate the global potential for mitigation of these radiatively active greenhouse gases. Our estimates of the potential reduction of radiative forcing by the agricultural sector range from 1.15-3.3 Gt C equivalents per year. Of the total potential reduction, approximately 32% could result from reduction in CO₂ emissions, 42% of carbon offsets by biofuel production on 15% of existing croplands, 16% from reduced CH₄ emissions and 10% from reduced emissions of N₂O. Agriculture encompasses large regional differences in management practices and rates of potential adoption of mitigation practices. Acceptability of mitigation options will depend on the extent to which sustainable production will be achieved or maintained and benefits will accrue to farmers. Technologies such as no-till farming and strategic fertilizer placement and timing are now being adopted for reasons other than concern for climate change issues. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

CO2 capture by aqueous ammonia process in the clean development mechanism for Nigerian oil industry

The clean development mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol offers developing countries the opportunity to participate in the effort to reduce global greenhouse gas levels and also benefit from sustainable development opportunities. To date, the majority of CDM investments have gone to emerging markets such as China, India, Brazil, and Mexico, while developing countries such as Nigeria have largely been absent from the program. Chemical sequestration using aqueous ammonia process (AAP) offers a clean low carbon technology for the efficient conversion of captured CO₂ into clean CO₂ which could be injected into oil field for enhanced oil recovery or as fertilizer source. CDM-CCS (carbon capture and storage) project with AAP has the potential as intervention for leveraging sustainable livelihood development (organic fertilizer for food production) as well as for tackling local (land air and water) and global pollution (reduce methane, SO_x and NO_x emissions).     

Swedish measures to reduce ammonia emissions

In Sweden today, nitrogen deposition, originating in equal parts from ammonia and nitrogen oxides, exceeds the level where long-term negative impacts are expected. The Swedish Board of Agriculture has been commissioned by the Swedish Government to suggest a new action program to reduce NH₃ emissions from agriculture by 50% in the future. Current objectives are to decrease NH₃ emissions by 25% in south and south-western Sweden. In other areas where the critical load level is exceeded, the long-term objective is to decrease NH₃ emissions by 50%. Measures taken to reduce NH₃ emissions from agriculture consist of: education, information and demonstration projects, regulations and support to research, and development projects. Regulations consist of measures for handling animal manures to decrease NH₃ emissions. Slurry and urine pits should be covered in a way that prevents NH₃ emissions and the pits should be filled beneath the cover. When spreading on bare soils, wastes should be incorporated into the soil within four hours. Research and development projects deal with, among other things, covering of slurry and urine stores, spreading techniques, incorporating techniques, manure handling in animal houses and measuring techniques. Knowledge and information on how to avoid NH₃ emissions has been presented to farmers in courses and by the extension service. This paper presents the Swedish agricultural environmental programs directed to decreasing NH₃ emissions from Swedish agriculture. It is not intended to be a scientific work and is therefore not referenced. The paper serves to demonstrate one Government's response to a particular area of environmental concern.     

我国洁净煤气化技术现状与存在的问题及发展趋势（上）

介绍了我国现有（含在建）引进和自主开发的各种先进洁净煤气化技术的应用及发展情况,详细列举煤制甲醇、合成氨、尿素等传统煤化工领域和煤制烯烃、乙二醇等现代煤化工领域以及在煤制天然气、油和煤气化多联产等煤气化相关产业中的产能及在建情况。分析了当前我国洁净煤气化技术发展过程中存在的主要问题,并展望了我国洁净煤气化技术的主要发展趋势。     

重金属污染土壤淋洗修复技术研究进展

随着我国工业发展的快速发展,大量重金属排放到环境体系中造成了严重的污染,研究经济高效的方法修复重金属污染土壤成为焦点。淋洗技术因其能够高效、彻底地去除污染土壤中的重金属等优点受到人们关注。本文对土壤淋洗技术的概况作了简述,对目前淋洗剂在重金属污染土壤方面的技术特点、适用范围、作用机制进行了总结,对影响淋洗技术的因素和限制条件进行了分析,同时列举了国外经典的化学淋洗修复工程的案例,以期为今后研究提供参考。     

压裂酸化排液影响因素分析

压裂、酸化是油气井增产的重要手段,它们的增产效果除取决于压裂酸化本身的作用外,还与施工后残液从地层中返排的能力有很大关系。本文以渗流机理为基础系统的分析了压裂酸化过程中排液的各种影响因素,并认为地层能量的不足和增产液对储层的伤害是影响排液的主要因素。通过对排液因素的研究可为压裂酸化施工设计及作业过程提供理论依据,提高增产作业的效果。