超高韧性水泥基材料的制备技术

分别采用活性粉末混凝土（RPC）和渗浇钢纤维混凝土（SIFCON）两种制备工艺,根据水泥基材料结构的多尺度特征,研究了由碳酸钙晶须和微钢纤维复合增强的超高韧性水泥基材料（Ultra-High-Toughness Cementitious Composite,简称UHTCC）的制备技术,测试UHTCC不同配比的抗压强度、抗折强度、抗弯强度以及单轴拉伸性能,采用折压比、韧性指数等多个指标对UHTCC的韧性进行了评价。试验表明：UHTCC的抗压强度、抗折强度、抗弯强度以及延性和韧性都远高于普通钢纤维混凝土,其抗弯强度最高达65.1 MPa、韧性指数I₂₀最高达49.21,单轴拉伸试验时呈现明显的假应变硬化行为,极限拉应变可达4%~8%。相对而言,利用SIFCON工艺制得的水泥基材料韧性更高。     

Mechanics behavior of ultra high toughness cementitious composites after freezing and thawing

Mechanical behaviors of UHTCC after freezing and thawing were investigated, and compared with those of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC), air-entrained concrete (AEC) and ordinary concrete (OC). Four point bending tests had been applied after different freezing-thawing cycles (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 300 cycles, respectively). The results showed that residual flexural strength of UHTCC after 300 freezing-thawing cycles was 10.62 MPa (70% of no freezing thawing ones), while 1.58 MPa (17% of no freezing thawing ones) for SFRC. Flexural toughness of UHTCC decreased by 17%, while 70% for SFRC comparatively. It has been demonstrated experimentally that UHTCC without any air-entraining agent could resist freezing-thawing and retain its high toughness characteristic in cold environment. Consequently, UHTCC could be put into practice for new-built or retrofit of infrastructures in cold regions.     

纤维类型对混凝土抗压强度和弯曲韧性的增强效应及变异性的影响

为研究单掺钢纤维、聚丙烯纤维和纤维素纤维对混凝土抗压强度及弯曲韧性的影响,在不同体积掺量下进行了混凝土试块的抗压强度及弯曲韧性试验,并对试验结果进行了变异性分析。试验结果表明：3种纤维混凝土抗压强度较素混凝土平均提高26.7%、6.1%和11.1%;二次抗压强度保持率分别达77.0%、45.7%和58.0%;抗弯承载力最大分别提高31.6%、3.5%和14.0%;基于荷载挠度曲线、Newkumar法及弯拉应力应变曲线分别计算的弯曲韧性指数I₂₀、Newkumar指标PCS_m和韧度比R_x分别为素混凝土的4.2、3.1、2.6倍,19.9、9.8、6.9倍和4.0、3.4、2.7倍。变异性分析结果表明,掺入纤维后混凝土的抗压强度变异性小于弯曲韧性。同时,基于Newkumar法和应力应变曲线法算得的混凝土弯曲韧性指标变异系数小于荷载挠度曲线法。总体而言,钢纤维增强混凝土的抗压强度和弯曲韧性最为显著,且变异系数最小。纤维素纤维增强混凝土抗压强度及聚丙烯纤维增强混凝土弯曲韧性则相对较显著。     

大掺量粉煤灰超高性能钢纤维混凝土的静动态力学行为

研究了4种不同钢纤维掺量(体积掺量分别为0%,1.0%,1.5%,2.0%)的大掺量粉煤灰超高性能混凝土的单轴压缩强度、弹性模量、单轴抗拉强度、弯曲韧性、断裂韧性、断裂能等静态力学行为,以及高速冲击、压缩作用下的应力波传播规律、应力–应变曲线和破坏特征等动态力学行为.结果表明:掺加钢纤维的大掺量粉煤灰超高性能混凝土的轴心抗压强度、弹性模量和抗拉强度略有增大,韧性指数、残余强度、断裂韧度和断裂能成倍提高;未能增加冲击、压缩作用下的应变率效应程度,但却增大动态应力–应变曲线下的面积,提高试件破坏的应变率阈值,使混凝土存在裂而不散的破坏现象.     

钢纤维混凝土准静态单轴受压力学性能

采用WAW-2000型微机控制电液伺服万能试验机对钢纤维体积率(Vf)为0%~3%、基体强度为C50的钢纤维混凝土(SFRC)进行了准静态三种应变率单轴压缩试验,测出了基体混凝土和SFRC应力-应变全曲线,试验结果表明:随Vf的增加,SFRC抗压强度仅有小幅度增长,韧性则增长幅度较大;随着应变率增大,SFRC强度提高,韧性呈现下降趋势,但Vf越大,韧性下降幅度越小;SFRC的弹性模量和泊松比均是不敏感的材料参数,随Vf的提高而分别微增与微减;还推荐了适合于SFRC应力-应变曲线的数学表达式。     

超韧性水泥基复合材料圆管横向压缩吸能特性

以公路护栏吸能特性为背景,对超韧性水泥基复合材料制成的圆管试件进行抗压吸能试验,研究不同配合比下各试件的抗压强度和荷载与变形能力的关系,研究纤维掺量对试件抗压强度的影响以及变形破坏和吸能特性,选出最适合的纤维掺量与配合比。试验结果表明：合理的配合比和纤维掺量使超韧性水泥基复合材料制成的圆管具有较高的抗压强度和良好的吸能能力。     

超轻质水泥基复合材料基本力学性能

为探究超轻质水泥基复合材料(ultra lightweight cement composite,ULCC)的基本力学性能及应力-应变曲线本构关系.以粉煤灰空心微珠为唯一轻质微集料,以水泥和硅灰为胶凝材料,以高效减水剂和减缩剂为外加剂,配制了钢纤维体积掺量为1%,表观密度介于1 250~1 550 kg/m3,轴心抗压强度介于47.9~70.0 MPa的4种不同密度等级的ULCC.对其分别进行单轴抗压和单轴抗拉试验,分别研究了ULCC的轴心抗压和轴心抗拉力学性能,测得了ULCC材料轴心抗压强度、轴心抗拉强度、弹性模量、泊松比及单轴抗压和单轴抗拉应力-应变曲线.结果表明:ULCC的抗压强度、抗拉强度和弹性模量均随密度的增加而增加; ULCC的轴心抗压强度和弹性模量与密度呈较强线性相关性.轴心抗拉试验结果表明ULCC抗拉应力-应变曲线关系呈现明显的峰后平台段,ULCC材料具有良好的拉伸变形能力.根据试验测得的ULCC单轴抗压和单轴抗拉应力-应变全曲线,建立了ULCC单轴抗压和单轴抗拉的分段式应力-应变本构方程.研究成果可为ULCC结构的设计和非线性有限元计算提供理论依据.     

耐碱玻璃纤维ECC复合材料受压应力–应变关系

为研究耐碱玻璃纤维工程用水泥基复合材料（耐碱玻璃纤维ECC）的抗压性能及应力-应变关系，对33组高性能水泥基材料试件进行了轴压性能试验，分析了纤维掺量、纤维长度及水灰比对耐碱玻璃纤维ECC的受压性能及应力-应变关系的影响，提出了耐碱玻璃纤维ECC受压应力-应变关系计算模型。结果表明，掺入耐碱玻璃纤维可以明显改善水泥基材料在单轴受压状态下的抗裂、受力和变形性能；耐碱玻璃纤维ECC试件抗压强度和变形能力的提升程度与纤维掺量、纤维长度及水灰比有关；随着纤维掺量和长度增加，耐碱玻璃纤维ECC试件的抗压强度和变形能力大致呈递增趋势，但掺量过多会因“团聚”现象明显导致试件抗压强度降低；水灰比主要影响试件的抗压强度，水灰比越大，抗压强度越小；当纤维质量掺量为6.5%、纤维长度为18mm及水灰比为0.32时，碱玻璃纤维ECC的综合力学性能相对较优，其抗压强度和变形能力分别可提升25.6%和88%；提出的应力-应变关系模型的计算值与试验值吻合较好，可用于描述耐碱玻璃纤维ECC的受压破坏全过程。     

Dynamic mechanical property of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete(HFRC)

The uniaxial compressive response of steel-polypropylene hybrid fiber reinforced concrete(HFRC) and steel fiber-reinforced concrete(SFRC) was analyzed under high strain rate loading with a 74 mm diameter split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB).The experimental investigation focused on recorded data and resulted in distinguishing the strain rate that mobilized different ductility of steel-polypropylene hybrid fiber reinforced concrete(HFRC) and steel fiber-reinforced concrete(SFRC).64 specimens of HFRC and SFRC with higher static compressive strength were tested at the strain rates changing from 20 to 120 s-1.The static compressive strength and dynamic stress-strain curves of the two materials were obtained at 4 different strain rates and the failure stress,and peak strain and peak toughness were also analyzed.The results show that HFRC has quite good dynamic mechanical property and clear strain-rate effect,and the failure mechanism of HFRC and SFRC was also compared based on the specimens’ failure modes in static and dynamic compressive tests.     

Effects of fibers on mechanical properties of high-performance concrete subjected to elevated temperatures

The compressive strength and ilexural toughness as well as fracture energy of fiber reinforced highperformance concrete （FRHPC） subjected to different high temperatures were studied. The results showed that after exposure at 300,600 and 900℃, the concrete mixes retained 88.1% , 41.3% and 10.2% of the original compressive strength on average, respectively. Steel fiber and polypropylene （PP） fiber were both effective in minimizing the damage effect of high temperatures on the compressive strength. The HPC reinforced with steel fibers showed higher flexural toughness and fracture energy before and after the high-temperature exposures. In comparison, PP fibers had minor beneficial effects on the flexural toughness and fracture energy. The mechanical properties of HPC reinforced with hybrid fibers （steel fiber ＋ PP fiber） were equivalent to or better than those of HPC reinforced with steel fibers alone. In addition, the failure pattern of FRHPC beams changed from pull-out of steel fibers at lower temperatures （20, 300 and 600℃） to tensile failure of steel fibers at higher temperature （900 ℃）.     

绿色韧性水泥基复合材料力学性能

为了研究绿色尾矿砂PVA纤维增强水泥基复合材料的韧性,参考国内外试验方法开展了立方体抗压、薄板拉伸和冲击韧性等力学性能试验研究.分析了纤维与基体的相互作用及增韧机理,讨论了纤维掺量和水胶比二元因素对增韧性能的影响.该研究获得了复合材料相应的强度和韧性指标,为高性能尾矿砂PVA纤维增强水泥基复合材料的制备和工程应用提供了参考.     

钢纤维混凝土弯曲韧性实验研究

为探讨钢纤维掺量对钢纤维混凝土弯曲韧性的影响，按照美国材料与试验协会(ASTM)定义的弯曲韧性指数试验方法．测试了钢纤维混凝土的挠度、初裂强度和抗压强度，计算了钢纤维不同掺量下混凝土的弯曲韧性指数值．钢纤维的掺入，使混凝土的破坏形式由脆性破坏变为延性破坏，并具有一定的残余强度．在一定范围内，钢纤维混凝土的弯曲韧性与钢纤维掺量成正比，钢纤维掺量达到90kg／m^3时，混凝土的弯曲韧性指数已接近理想弹塑性材料．掺量在30～90kg／m^3范围内，钢纤维混凝土的初裂强度变化不明显．     

PVA纤维水泥基材料力学性能试验研究

为了制备超高韧性的水泥基复合材料(ultra high toughness cementitious composites,UHTCC),通过抗压、抗折以及直接拉伸试验,结合扫描电镜(SEM)测试,探讨粉煤灰掺量、石英砂掺量对UHTCC力学性能的影响;通过粉煤灰-石英砂复配,研究超高韧性水泥基材料的最优粉煤灰-石英砂掺量配比.结果表明:随着粉煤灰掺量的增加,抗压、抗折强度降低,拉伸变形增大,但是当粉煤灰质量/水泥质量(m(FA)/m(C))大于2.7后,拉伸变形提高缓慢;当石英砂质量/胶凝材料的质量(m(S)/m(B))为0.36时,拉伸变形性能最好;本文确定的最优粉煤灰-石英砂体系掺量为:m(FA)/m(C)-m(S)/m(B)=1.2-0.48,m(FA)/m(C)-m(S)/m(B)=2.2-0.36.     

超高韧性水泥基复合材料的波传播试验研究

为了研究超高韧性水泥基复合材料（UHTCC）中应力波的传播特性,采用Hopkinson杆加载UHTCC试件,测得UHTCC在0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5 MPa冲击气压下的应力波信号. 通过对比入射杆波形,验证相同加载条件下加载波形的一致性. 分别采用两点法和峰值法计算每种冲击气压下UHTCC中应力波的波速,结果显示,两点法适用性较广,计算结果较稳定,利用峰值法测波速则需要入射杆和试件波阻抗相近. 计算结果显示,UHTCC中应力波波速、衰减系数随冲击气压均无明显变化,平均波速为3.060 km/s,平均衰减系数为2.777 m^?1. 可以利用朱-王-唐本构模型参数表达材料中应力波的波速和衰减,也可以利用实测的波速和衰减系数将UHTCC的朱-王-唐冲击本构模型表示为只含单个准静态参数的方程,从而提供通过试验直接确定UHTCC动态本构的方法.     

Theoretical analysis and experimental investigation on flexural performance of steel reinforced ultrahigh toughness cementitious composite (RUHTCC) beams

UHTCC (ultrahigh toughness cementitious composite), which is a kind of ultrahigh toughness cemen- titious composites material, exhibits pseudo strain hardening feature when subjected to tension load, and has enormous ductility and prominent crack dispersal ability. Accordingly, UHTCC can improve mechanical behavior of ordinary concrete structure especially its durability, and has been regarded as historical breakthrough to traditional cementitious materials. In this paper, the study focuses on flexure behav...     

超高性能轻质混凝土的力学性能及微观结构

超高性能轻质混凝土(ultra-high performance lightweight concrete,UHPLC)是一种由高强水泥浆体、漂珠和纤维组成的密度低于1 950 kg/m~3的新型水泥基结构材料。本文研究了不同养护制度及养护龄期对UHPLC抗压强度、轴拉力学性能和弯曲性能的影响,最后利用扫描电镜观察了UHPLC中漂珠的微观形貌。结果表明:随着龄期增长,UHPLC的抗压强度、轴拉性能和弯曲性能均提高,并出现明显的应变强化现象,说明养护龄期对UHPLC基体强度和纤维-UHPLC基体的界面黏结强度均有显著提高作用;高温蒸汽养护3 d可促进UHPLC基体早期强度发展,使UHPLC的抗压强度和弯曲性能迅速达到标准养护28 d时的水平,显著缩短养护龄期,但对纤维-基体界面黏结强度的贡献不大,黏结强度仍主要受龄期影响;UHPLC实测密度为1 815.2 kg/m~3,100 mm立方体抗压强度达103.1 MPa,极限抗拉强度达7.60 MPa,极限拉应变达0.431%,出现明显的应变强化现象,弯曲峰值强度达22.43 MPa,满足了RPC160的抗折强度要求,实现了水泥基结构材料轻质高强的目标。     

活性粉末混凝土基本力学性能指标取值

为促进活性粉末混凝土在工程中的应用,收集整理与活性粉末混凝土相关的文献．提出以边长70.7 mm立方体抗压强度标准值为依据的活性粉末混凝土强度等级划分方法．对活性粉末混凝土立方体抗压强度尺寸效应、轴心抗压强度、轴心抗拉强度、弹性模量、峰值压应变和极限压应变等基本力学性能指标进行分析,获得了活性粉末混凝土相关力学性能指标之间的换算关系,并基于一次二阶矩法推导得出活性粉末混凝土的材料分项系数．     

Experimental Study on the Mechanical Properties of Paste-like Fill Material

The experiments, which include the complete stress-strain curves, triaxial compressive loading history and the main factors affecting the compressive strength of the material, were made to research the mechanical properties of paste-like fill material. The results show that the material still has a relatively high load-bearing capacity after yielding. From the view of the backfill strength, the suitable content of the fine particles in the aggregates is 20%, the curing temperature of backfill slurry is about 20 centigrade degrees or higher. The backfill strength can reach 2.5-3.6 MPa when the binder dosage is 5%-8%. It can meet the needs for mining with backfill.     

不同纤维层布式钢纤维混凝土抗弯韧性的研究

研究了相同配合比下不同长径比和不同品种钢纤维对层布式钢纤维混凝土的弯拉强度和韧性影响规律，分别运用日本JCI和美国ASTM韧性指数法计算各层布式钢纤维混凝土的韧性，结果表明层布式钢纤维混凝土具有良好增强和增韧双重效应。最后比较各种纤维的优劣，从中选取较佳纤维。     

钢纤维超高强混凝土的力学性能试验

为了配制出强度高、韧性好、抗冲击性能良好的超高强混凝土,对钢纤维掺入体积率(Vf)为0~3%、基体强度为110 MPa以上的钢纤维超高强混凝土(SFRVHSC)进行立方体抗压、轴向抗压、劈裂抗拉、抗折强度和弹性模量等性能的测试,并对钢纤维超高强混凝土弯曲韧性进行了试验研究.结果表明,SFRVHSC抗压强度随Vf(0~3%)的增加有一定的增长,弹性模量随着材料抗压强度的提高略有增加;钢纤维对SFRVHSC的劈裂抗拉、抗折强度有显著的增强作用.SFRVHSC表现出优异的韧性,弯曲韧性指数I5、I10、I20分别达基体混凝土的4.71~5.15、9.47~11.23、19.02~24.06倍.SFRVHSC梁的荷载-位移曲线与坐标轴包含的面积也明显增加.