The influence of phyllosilicate mineralogy on the rheology of mineral slurries

Phyllosilicate minerals have been shown to present some rheological challenges during ore beneficiation, with difficulties such as reduced flotation rates and complex tailings treatment arising. This study focuses on two phyllosilicate minerals which commonly exist as major gangue components in many industrial ores: muscovite with its thin platy structure and vermiculite which exhibits concertina-like swelling behaviour.The surface charge distribution of the minerals is evaluated using electrokinetic zeta potential measurements and potentiometric titrations. Rheology tests give the plastic viscosities and Bingham yield stresses of the suspensions. The results show that muscovite and vermiculite particles have an apparent negative charge due to the high aspect ratio of the negatively charged tetrahedral faces to the edges within a tetrahedral-octahedral-tetrahedral (T-O-T) layer configuration. The charge separation between the edges and faces results in the non-typical stacking behaviour of muscovite and vermiculite particles, forming suspensions with higher Bingham yield stresses than quartz, a non-phyllosilicate isotropic mineral with a regular non-platy morphology. However, upon yielding, these structures are destroyed and the resultant suspensions are characterised by low Bingham viscosities similar to isotropic minerals.This study provides a preliminary understanding of the flow behaviour of muscovite and vermiculite.     

微细粒金矿石选矿试验研究

本文主要对微细粒金矿石进行了选矿试验研究。通过粗选磨矿细度试验和药剂条件的正交试验，确定了该矿粗选的最佳操作条件。在此基础上，进行一粗二精三扫的实验室闭路试验，可获得金品位48．04g／t，回收率85．63％的金精矿。这一结果表明，该金矿石中的金可通过浮选硫化矿进行富集。     

矿物浮选交互影响研究进展

复杂矿石中矿物间产生交互影响的原因主要是有用矿物嵌布粒度太细以及共伴生矿物种类多,从而必须对矿石进行细磨以实现矿物间的单体解离,导致在磨矿产品中产生粒度和组成各异的颗粒,在浮选矿浆体系中会由于物理化学因素发生交互影响作用而影响矿物间的浮选分离。基于此,本文提出了矿物浮选交互影响的定义,即矿石浮选体系中两种及以上矿物间相互吸附、活化、抑制、表面转化等对浮选分离产生的影响,在此基础上介绍了矿物交互影响的形式,即直接交互影响和间接交互影响,详细综述了粗粒与细粒矿物之间对浮选的影响、细粒矿物之间交互对浮选的影响以及间接交互对矿物浮选的影响以及发生交互影响的作用机理研究现状,目的是为找到利用或消除矿物间交互影响的调控方法奠定基础。     

新疆某难选铜锌矿选矿试验研究

新疆某难选铜锌矿含铜0.98%,含锌4.17%。为更好的开发利用该矿产资源,进行了详细的选矿工艺研究。针对该矿石嵌布粒度细、矿物组成复杂及含有较多易浮脉石的特点,选择针对性的铜锌捕收剂和抑制剂,采用铜（锌）优先浮选—锌（硫）优先的工艺流程,获得了较好的选矿指标,铜精矿含铜23.12%,铜回收率86.26%,锌精矿含锌44.43%,锌回收率81.25%。     

Beneficiation of diasporic-bauxite ore by selective flocculation with a polyacrylate flocculant

Beneficiation of a diasporic-bauxite ore by selective flocculation with sodium polyacrylate (PAS) was studied. Flocculation behaviors of diaspore, kaolinite, illite and pyrophyllite in the presence of PAS were also investigated by sedimentation tests. PAS shows good selectivity for the flocculation separation of diaspore from silicates in the range of pH 8–12. A concentrate with Al₂O₃/SiO₂ ratio 8.9 and the recovery of Al₂O₃ 87.0% was obtained from a diasporic-bauxite ore with Al₂O₃/SiO₂ ratio 5.7 with the addition of sodium carbonate 5 kg/t and PAS 7 g/t. Micro-photogram, zeta potential and FTIR measurements were then performed to study the mechanisms. It was observed that the zeta potentials of diaspore shifted to negative value strongly and the isoelectric point (IEP) of diaspore was also changed from about pH 6–4, and the flocs of diaspore were larger and denser than that of kaolinite in the presence of PAS. A new band at 1640 cm⁻¹ was found in the infrared spectrum of the diaspore after interaction with PAS, and this new band matched the characteristic peak at 1624 cm⁻¹ in the infrared spectrum of the reaction products of PAS and AlCl₃. The adsorption of PAS on diaspore is concluded to be chemisorption caused by the chemical reaction between carboxylate group and the exposed Al sites on diaspore surface.     

朝鲜某铜矿选矿试验研究

朝鲜某铜矿含铜1.14%,含硫8.01%。为开发利用该矿产资源,进行了详细的选矿工艺研究。针对该矿石含有水溶铜及大量易浮脉石,采用铜硫混合浮选工艺,获得了较好的选矿指标。获得了铜品位24.30%,回收率84.41%的铜精矿。     

The effect of acrylamide-co-vinylpyrrolidinone copolymer on the depression of talc in mixed nickel mineral flotation

Copolymers of acrylamide and vinylpyrrolidinone with varying compositions have been synthesised and employed to depress talc in a model flotation system with process plant operation conditions. Adsorption isotherms indicated that the hydrophilic acrylamide homopolymer has a very low affinity for the hydrophobic talc surface, whereas vinylpyrrolidinone homopolymer strongly adsorbs onto the talc surface. Micro-flotation experiments revealed that the copolymer system can induce stronger talc depression than the homopolymer variants, with the most effective copolymer depressant having 25-30% vinylpyrrolidinone incorporation. The copolymer system is observed to have inherited the strong talc affinity of vinylpyrrolidinone polymer and the strong hydrophilic property from polyacrylamide. This combined effect facilitates the desired strong talc depression in single mineral flotation. However, this copolymer system has similar adsorption affinity on both the talc and pentlandite, hence depressing both talc and pentlandite in the mixed mineral flotation system. This research shows that a sufficient hydrophobic balance on the polymer is necessary for the adsorption and subsequent depression for talc. However, polymer with high adsorption selectivity is required to be a successful synthetic talc depressant for mixed mineral system.     

高硫萤石矿降硫工业实践

以Ｆ．Ｓ和Ｄ．Ｈ组合药剂作为萤石浮选中硫矿物的抑制剂的工业调试从含硫０．３２％的原矿中获得了含硫为０．０１％左右的萤石精矿，符合出口要求，同时降低了产品含硅量，提高了萤石回收率，经济效益显著。     

Application of Mechanically Stimulated Combustion Reactions in Processing of Geological Materials

Based on the literature review, the use of methods for metallothermy and self-propagating high-temperature synthesis is considered for processing different geological materials. Combination of mechanochemistry and these methods allows to avoid agglomeration of the products due to high temperature. Mechanically stimulated exothermic processes proceed both in combustion regime and at lower temperature, which makes it possible to combine opening and processing of mineral and technogenic raw material with production of highly dispersed materials.     

凡口铅锌矿深部矿体矿石浮选电化学研究

通过工艺矿物学和电化学研究,探讨了凡口铅锌矿深部矿体矿石矿物组成以及浮选工艺,提出了选别深部矿石合适的工艺流程和工艺参数。     

通化松柏岭铜镍矿石工艺矿物学特征

为了给通化吉恩镍业有限公司松柏岭铜镍矿石的分选工艺改造提供依据,对该矿石进行了工艺矿物学研究。研究结果表明：铜、镍在矿石中主要以黄铜矿和红砷镍矿的形式存在;铜、镍矿物嵌布特征复杂、嵌布粒度细微,大量含镁脉石矿物的存在等是铜、镍分选的不利影响因素。     

The role of amino acids in the thiosulphate leaching of gold

Amino acids L-valine, glycine, DL-α-alanine and L-histidine were applied in the ammoniacal thiosulphate leaching of a pyrite concentrate. Amino acids formed more stable complexes with cupric ions than does ammonia, resulting in lower thiosulphate consumption due to reduced interaction between thiosulphate and the copper complexes. Overall gold extraction was largely improved by the addition of amino acids, despite lower initial kinetics. Thiosulphate consumption decreased with an increase in the amino acid concentration. Among the amino acids, L-histidine improved overall gold extraction and reduced the thiosulphate consumption to the greatest extent.     

Diagnostic pre-treatment procedure for simultaneous cyanide leaching of gold and silver from a refractory gold/silver ore

This study investigates the optimization of simultaneous dissolution of gold and silver from a refractory gold ore through determination of pre-treatment stages. Based on the mineralogical studies (thin layer and polished section) and chemical analysis on the ore sample, a “diagnostic leaching” procedure was designed. Results from diagnostic leaching suggest that the most effective pre-treatment agents for gold and silver are ferric chloride and sulfuric acid media, respectively. Optimum conditions for the simultaneous dissolution of gold and silver were determined using a two factorial design technique. Pre-treatments with sulfuric acid and ferric chloride reagents increased the efficiency of the dissolution of gold from 54.7% to 82% and silver from 37.4% to 81.6%.     

浮选变量对硫化铅锌矿流变特性及浮选指标的影响研究

矿浆流变特性显著影响浮选指标,而脉石矿物组分、水玻璃和矿浆浓度等对矿浆流变特性影响较大。研究了矿浆浓度和水玻璃对两种脉石矿物组分有明显差异的硫化铅锌矿石的流变特性和浮选指标的影响。结果表明,当脉石矿物中高岭石等粘土矿物含量较高时,其矿浆流变特性显著劣于以石英等非粘土矿物为主要脉石矿物的矿浆,这种差别直接导致浮选环境的恶化,从而削弱了铅、锌的浮选性能,最终造成浮选指标的差异。对主要脉石矿物为石英等非粘土矿物的硫化铅锌矿,适用于通过高浓度浮选(50%左右)提升浮选指标、节省生产成本,提高经济效益。对含高岭石等粘土矿物较多的铅锌矿石,不适用高浓度浮选;但可添加适量的水玻璃通过改善浮选矿浆的流变特性从而提升浮选指标。     

硫磺表生铁矿的工艺矿物学及其综合回收

对宁都硫磺矿次生铁矿的组成与结构进行了分析，并做了矿物定量和解离度测算以及铁矿的高梯度磁选试验，可获得品位５９％ＴＦｅ、回收率８１％～８６％的铁精矿     

The effect of changes in iron-endpoint during Peirce-Smith converting on PGE-containing nickel converter matte mineralization

PGE-containing nickel-copper converter matte is blown to an iron-endpoint during Peirce-Smith conversion. The matte is granulated after conversion and the process can be described as fast cooling. The effect of changes in the iron-endpoint on matte mineralization during granulation or fast cooling is poorly understood. The aim of the study was to investigate the mineralogy and basic mineral chemistry of PGE-containing nickel converter matte as a function of iron-endpoints 5.17 wt%, 0.99 wt% and 0.15 wt%. A combination of mineralogical analytical techniques was applied to methodically characterise the converter matte. Representative sub-samples for the respective iron-endpoints were characterised using quantitative X-ray diffractometry (QXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (HRSTEM) and bulk chemical and instrumentation methods. Moreover, solidification paths were created for the respective iron-endpoints to use as an assistant tool in understanding matte mineralogy.The matte mineralogy for iron-endpoint 5.17 wt% is characteristic of a significantly higher heazlewoodite relative abundance (77.89%) in comparison with that for iron-endpoints 0.99 wt% (62.92%) and 0.15 wt% (63.67%). Iron-endpoints 0.99 wt% and 0.15 wt% are in contrast, characteristic of a higher chalcocite relative abundance (18.56% and 17.86% respectively) in comparison with 12.04% for the high iron-endpoint. The lower iron-endpoints are further characteristic of a significantly higher alloy relative abundance in comparison with the high iron-endpoint. The PGE-containing nickel-dominant alloy phase for the high iron-endpoint is extremely fine grained, set in the heazlewoodite matrix and characteristic of the exsolution origin. The NiCu-dominant, PGE-containing alloy phases for iron-endpoints 0.99 wt% and 0.15 wt% are characterised by an exsolution origin followed by exsolution modifications probably due to PGE saturation at an early cumulus stage and the presence of other elements.