绿色施工理念下铁路工程施工安全风险预警

以路基工程施工的安全风险为探讨对象,运用专家访谈法和文献分析法,对铁路工程建设项目路基工程安全风险评价指标进行整合设计,并在此基础上构建了安全风险评价模型,给出了各评级指标权重的大小及测量方式,为铁路项目提供了一个相对理性的安全风险管理评价方法。     

水质在线安全生物预警系统模拟预警及应用

水质安全在线生物预警系统可以实现水体突发性污染事故安全预警,根据受试生物生物学指标变化对水体内多种污染物的综合毒性进行监测。模拟预警结果表明,水质安全在线生物预警技术通过低压电信号采集日本青鳉的行为变化,并通过信号分析系统,结合行为变化阈值的设定,对水质状况进行综合分析,实现对污染水体的水质变化报警。     

Real-time safety early warning system for cross passage construction in Yangtze Riverbed Metro Tunnel based on the internet of things

With the rapid development of urbanization in China, the number and size of underground space development projects are increasing quickly. At the same time, more and more accidents are causing underground construction to increasingly become a focus of social attention. Therefore, this research presents a real-time safety early warning system to prevent accidents and improve safety management in underground construction, based on the “internet of things” (IoT) technology. The proposed system seamlessly integrates a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor system and a RFID (radio frequency identification)-based labor tracking system. This system has been validated and verified through a real-world application at the cross passage construction site in the Yangtze Riverbed Metro Tunnel project in Wuhan, China. The system's application results show that it can effectively promote underground construction safety management efficiency, specifically in the real time detection, monitoring and early warning of safety risks.     

公路工程安全事故预警系统的构建

介绍了公路工程危险源的类型,提出了建立基于OHSMS的建筑安全生产管理体系的程序及步骤,以推广OHSMS公路工程安全体系的应用,进一步降低安全事故的发生率。     

地铁工程施工安全评价标准研究

我国当前正进行高速的地铁工程建设,安全问题至关重要,但我国目前的标准体系中尚无专门应用于地铁工程施工过程的安全评价标准。本文阐述地铁工程施工安全评价标准的定位、适用范畴、编制依据以及编制原则;建立安全评价标准的内容体系,构建针对施工安全组织管理评价、施工安全技术管理评价、施工环境安全管理评价、施工安全监控预警管理评价的四个单项安全评价指标体系,在此基础上给出四个单项安全管理水平等级和总体安全管理水平等级评价方法;分析地铁工程施工安全评价标准主要特点,从而构建切实可行的具有自我约束、自我监督、自我完善的地铁工程施工安全评价标准,将地铁工程施工安全纳入标准化、规范化管理,对确保地铁工程安全施工具有比较重要的意义。     

Proactive behavior-based system for controlling safety risks in urban highway construction megaprojects

Urban highway construction megaprojects are commonly beset by significant and dynamic safety risks because of their large size, the scattered nature of the works involved, compressed construction schedules, technical difficulties and numerous participants. However, traditional on-site safety inspection cannot fully address all challenges, particularly those with behavior-based safety (BBS) risks. To deal with these challenges, this study describes the novel use of the proactive construction management system (PCMS) with a third-party safety inspection program. The definition, abstraction and implementation processes of the PCMS-aided third-party inspection program are demonstrated and tested through a case study of the Shanghai Central Loop Pudong highway construction project with multi-section sites. Based on a “before and after” comparative study, quantitative and qualitative data are triangulated to evaluate variations in the effectiveness of third-party inspection programs with and without the PCMS aided at the macro, meso, and micro levels. Results indicate the usefulness of the novel idea that applies the PCMS as a part of a third-party inspection program to improve BBS risk control on certain risky sites and incorporates its feedback into third-party inspection on all section sites to strengthen the overall safety training, safety inspection, and timely safety risk responses. These results not only provide an increased understanding of the role of PCMS in the safety management of highway megaprojects and the guidelines required for its future application but also serve as a precursor to future research into megaproject safety management.     

农村自然灾害精细化预警系统建设

针对农村自然灾害预警现况,提出了由精细化的监测体系、预警产品制作及预警发布体系组成的精细化预警系统,并通过建立严密的管理制度和应急预案体系,从而保障预警系统的有效实施。     

Study on safety control for Wuhan metro construction in complex environments

Open cut method is adopted in the foundation pit construction of Wuhan Metro Line 2 (WML2) XunLiMen Station which is under the bridge of the (existent) operating light rail. The foundation pit is only 1.25 m away from the nearest pier of Wuhan Light Rail Line 1 (WLRL1).Safety control of this project focuses on how foundation pit construction affects the safety of light rail bridge and its operation. In this paper, finite difference software FLAC3D for geotechnical engineering is applied to simulating the process of the foundation pit excavation and to analyze the impact of the isolation pile construction, the underground diaphragm wall construction and the foundation pit dewatering and excavation on the bridge piers of WLRL1, while the finite element software ANSYS is used to simulate the numerical model of WLRL1. Moreover, the study of the impact of the construction scheme of WML 2 on the operation of WLRL1 is also presented in the paper. Finally, on the basis of the simulation results, (the) control standards for the operation safety of WLRL1 and (the) advices for the safety control of the foundation pit construction, which proved to be successful, are proposed.     

变形监测信息管理与工程安全预警系统简介

介绍了＂变形监测信息管理与工程安全预警系统＂的工作流程和特点,阐述了测量机器人等关键的硬件组成部分和信息发布管理系统等核心应用软件组成部分,从而推广该系统在变形监测领域的应用。     

Application of 4D visualization technology for safety management in metro construction

Safety accidents occur frequently in underground metro construction due to its complexity. These accidents cause huge losses because most metro construction is located in the center of very congested cities. Therefore, safety management is a priority in the metro construction industry. This paper proposes an approach for safety management using visualization technology. Safety is integrated with the construction management process throughout the project life cycle. Information from the design phase about construction components and scheduling has been gathered to formulate a 4 dimensional (4D) model. Before construction begins, a rule-based tool analyzes this combined information, automatically detects potentially unsafe activities and conditions and provides instructions for correction. More importantly, actual site monitoring data are continuously compared to the 4D model during the construction process. Therefore, the safety status of related components can be continuously visualized in the system as conditions change and potential safety risks evolve. This paper presents a prototype which was developed and verified with a case study of a real project. The results show that the proposed approach can be a tool of collaboration, virtual analysis and prediction for designers, site project managers, safety engineers and other participants. With real-time safety status visualized, it can detect safety risks before and during the construction process and then provide preventive measures. Thus, timely decisions can be made to avoid accidents. This contributes to the success of safety management in the metro construction industry.     

城市地铁施工期间交通疏解设计与分析

结合深圳地铁7号线上沙站工程的实际情况,介绍了该工程施工期间临时占用道路设计方法,从车行道、人行道、主体围挡、交通标志设置等方面,阐述了施工期间交通疏解方案,从而保证道路交通的有序性。     

Development of a mobile safety monitoring system for construction sites

In spite of efforts to reduce fatal accidents on construction sites, such accidents continue to occur. In particular, fall accidents constitute the majority of these accidents, and therefore appropriate managing measures are needed. In this study, a safety monitoring system was established at a site where fall accidents often occurred, with the aim of reducing the rate of fatal accidents on the construction site. The system consisted of a mobile sensing device for detecting the worker's approach, transmitter sets and repeaters for sending the detected information to a receiver, and exclusive software for interpreting this information. The system was applied to a real construction site and tested in order to verify its utility and efficiency. It is expected that the system will decrease the potential for fall accidents and increase the efficiency of safety management.     

城市地铁浅埋暗挖法施工安全巡视工作要点

结合北京城市地铁＂浅埋暗挖法＂施工特点及安全巡视工作经验,简要阐述了＂浅埋暗挖法＂工程施工安全风险管理中安全巡视的重要性、主要内容、工作流程及方法等,以供相关技术人员研究、讨论。     

A web-based system for design interface management of construction projects

Planning methods such as CPM and PERT cannot model the iterative details of design processes. It has been demonstrated that the Dependency Structure Matrix (DSM) is an effective method to model iterative process. However, formulating the DSM on large construction projects, using current methodologies is challenging. To address this challenge, a structured methodology called Design Interface Management System “diMs” has been proposed. As the documents and interactions required for implementing the “diMs” process are voluminous, support of an IT based tool is essential. This paper presents the design and the development of the tool. It includes the design of class structure, relational database and communication engine using object oriented concepts. In addition, the design of user interface which consists of a set of dynamic web pages is also explained. The paper also illustrates the usage of the tool for the design of a glass factory and discusses the utility of the tool in assisting design interface management.     

社区民防——城市建设的“安全带”

随着经济社会的不断发展,城市化进程的不断加快,社区在城市建设、社会管理和公共服务中的基础地位和作用越发凸显,已日益成为各种组织活动的新舞台.为适应新时期民防建设的需要,增强人民群众的国防观念和民防意识,提高城市人民防空建设水平和应对灾害事故的能力,民防建设必须把社区这块阵地用好、建设好、发展好.     

建设工程安全度评价体系在施工安全监督系统上的应用

在施工安全监督行业目前施行的国家标准JGJ59-99主要是针对工程现场作业环境的技术条件进行评价。得到的安全检查评分结果仅能说明当时工程的安全作业水平，不能很好地反映工程自开工以来的安全生产综合水平，也不能对未来一段时间内工程的安全状况进行准确预测。     

Knowledge dynamics-integrated map as a blueprint for system development: Applications to safety risk management in Wuhan metro project

Safety has always been a persistent problem in the construction industry, particularly for tunnel construction projects due to the inherent uncertainty in geotechnical conditions and the complexity of the tunnel construction process. Literatures and practices highlight the importance of safety knowledge to the construction safety. However, safety knowledge is not always provided in a convenient and timely manner. This paper develops a Knowledge-dynamics Integrated Map (KIM) to visualize safety knowledge flow in tunnel construction safety risk management. The KIM highlights the what, the who, and the why of knowledge flow by portraying its dynamics associated to the working processes. With the use of KIM, the safety knowledge flow barriers are identified so that knowledge flow facilitators can be designed. The KIM has been applied in Wuhan metro project as a blueprint for systematically developing effective safety knowledge management systems.     

地铁工程项目造价风险评估方法研究

对影响地铁工程造价风险因素进行了分析,运用模糊层次分析方法分析各风险因素对地铁工程造价的影响,确定相关地铁工程项目所处的风险等级,为地铁工程造价风险管理提供现实指导意义。     

德国城市规划体系对我国城市建设的启示

通过叙述德国城市规划的法律基础和介绍德国的城市规划体系,从三方面着手归纳了其对中国的启示,进而探索了中国的城市规划理念和方法,对实现城市社会、经济、资源、环境的协调发展具有十分重要的意义。