便携式舰船热工仪表校准装置设计

根据舰船热工参数仪表计量需求。研究设计了便携式计量校准装置。装置利用ARM嵌入式计算机系统作为中心控制器,完成了压力、温度信号的输出与测试,提高了校准装置的整体性能及便携性,为舰船仪表校准与测试工作的开展提供了技术支持。     

Precise speed control of a permanent magnet synchronous motor

Precise control of vibration modes become critical when one wants to push the state of the art with a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). In this paper, a complete control strategy, concerned about the design based model, controller design, and dealing with the shaping of the system input is presented. First, a modeling analysis is performed on the vector control scheme in the synchronously rotating reference frame that is used for controlling the PMSM. Then, the pole-placement scheme is used to design a desirable closed-loop system. After that, the shaped input technique together with the designed controller is considered to yield the shortest actual system input. The Matlab/Simulink software is used to perform the simulation. This simulation results verify that the eliminated oscillation response gives much better transient performance in the aspects of faster settling time and decreasing energy to supply for the PMSM.     

A unique test facility for calibration of domestic flow meters under dynamic flow conditions

In the early nineties a hot water test facility was planned and constructed for calibration and testing of volume and flow meters at the National Volume Measurement Laboratory at RISE (formerly SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden). The main feature of the test facility is the capability to measure flow in a wide temperature and flow range with very high accuracy. The objective of the project, which was initiated in 1989, was to design equipment for calibration of flow meters with stable flow and temperature conditions.After many years of international debate whether static testing is adequate to represent the later more dynamic application of domestic water meters, the EMPIR project 17IND13 Metrology for real-world domestic water metering (“Metrowamet”) was launched in 2018. The project investigates the influence of dynamic flow testing on the measurement accuracy of different types of domestic flow meters. One of the main objectives of the project is the development of infrastructure to carry out dynamic flow measurements. The existing test facility at RISE was at the time of construction one of the best hot and cold-water test facilities in the world. Due to the Metrowamet project the test facility has been upgraded to meet the needs of an infrastructure for dynamic flow investigations. The first findings from dynamic consumption profile measurements are reported in this paper.     

永磁同步电机运行性能研究

针对凸极永磁同步电机,对其数学模型和定子电流最小控制方法进行了介绍,推导了定子电流最小控制方法对应的电流相角条件、基本转速和最大转矩。利用电机数学模型和不同电流控制规律建立了永磁同步电机运行性能仿真模型,避免了传统双闭环模型中控制器参数对仿真结果的影响。在此基础上深入研究了电机永磁磁链、凸极率、电枢电阻三个参数对电机基本转速、输出转矩等运行性能的影响,据此指出了电机电磁设计时应遵循的一般规律。     

Liquid hydrocarbon flow meters calibration with high flow and viscosity: Conceptual design of a new facility

The oil and natural gas production market is heavily regulated with specifications that are almost always defined and valid for each producing country. In all the focus is to ensure accurate and complete results in volumes produced but with specificities of each location. In Brazil this regulation was created in the year 2000 (Joint Ordinance No. 001 between the National Petroleum Agency - ANP and the National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology - INMETRO) and in the 2013 review it was specified that liquid hydrocarbon flow meters should be calibrated with fluid under the conditions closest to those found in the operation considering density, viscosity, flow, pressure and temperature. However, the type of oil produced in Brazilian fields typically has high viscosity and there is an additional aspect due to the use of FPSO (Floating Production Storage and Offloading) type production platforms: flow to tankers occurs at high flow rates. There are several restrictions in laboratories worldwide to meet these conditions (high viscosity with high flow) and so the purpose of this paper is to present a proposal that technically meets the conditions imposed by Brazilian regulations and that will serve as a reference for operations in other similar fields. The project considers the laboratory should be able to perform calibrations up to 3200 m^3/h, oil densities above 0.88, with flexibility for changing calibration fluid, pressure and temperature control and viscosities up to 700 cP. To this end, a broad evaluation was carried out with solution providers and a research group within the university to technical support     

Robust finite-time chaos synchronization of uncertain permanent magnet synchronous motors

In this paper, a robust finite-time chaos synchronization scheme is proposed for two uncertain third-order permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs). The whole synchronization error system is divided into two cascaded subsystems: a first-order subsystem and a second-order subsystem. For the first subsystem, we design a finite-time controller based on the finite-time Lyapunov stability theory. Then, according to the backstepping idea and the adding a power integrator technique, a second finite-time controller is constructed recursively for the second subsystem. No exogenous forces are required in the controllers design but only the direct-axis (d-axis) and the quadrature-axis (q-axis) stator voltages are used as manipulated variables. Comparative simulations are provided to show the effectiveness and superior performance of the proposed method.     

Control of a permanent magnet synchronous motor with a fuzzy sliding-mode controller

This paper is concerned with the topics in the speed control of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). First, the vector control scheme in the synchronously rotating reference frame is used to formulate the PMSM model as the system plant. Then, the modern control theory using a sliding mode with fuzzy controller is presented to design the corresponding closed-loop system and Matlab/Simulink software is used for computer simulation. The original PMSM is stable, sluggish with large overshoot deficiency. It can be shown that the proposed fuzzy sliding-mode controller not only can delete the overshoot problem and achieve very good tracking performance without zero steady-state errors, but can also obtain good robustness to system parameter uncertainty. This proposed fuzzy-sliding mode controller for PMSM can be applied to the positioning control of the robot arms to suppress unnecessary vibrations. For assembly lines, this proposed controller can be used to obtain fast tracking ability, less steady-state errors, and robustness for different velocity movements.     

永磁同步电动机的开环步进驱动器的研究

步进电机是增量运动控制系统的主要执行机构。如果采用合适的驱动方式,永磁同步电机(Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor,PMSM)和步进电机(Stepping Motor)都可以工作在步进模式。主要研究永磁同步电机的开环步进驱动器的理论和方法。通过对永磁同步电机的驱动方式的深入研究发现,在其驱动器中引入一种新型开环脉冲宽度调制(Pulse Width Modulated,PWM)死区时间补偿方法,就可以改善永磁同步电机绕组电流的控制精度,从而也进一步提高了永磁同步电机在步进驱动模式下步距的控制精度。     

基于分段弧形永磁同步电机的4m望远镜控制系统

为了满足4 m望远镜控制系统的驱动能力和跟踪精度要求,本文介绍了基于分段弧形永磁同步电机的望远镜伺服控制系统设计方法。首先,介绍了基于分段弧形永磁同步电机的控制系统组成;其次,给出了望远镜伺服系统的控制模型辨识方法;然后,为了实现望远镜大角度调转和小角度阶跃过程中,系统位置响应快速、无超调,设计了基于系统最大速度和加速度信息的位置指令整形算法;最后,介绍了望远镜控制系统的位置和速度控制策略,并进行了望远镜的跟踪控制实验。实验结果显示,当望远镜进行10°的大位置调转和0.2°的小位置阶跃时,伺服系统能够快速、无振荡地到达指定位置;望远镜在10 (°)/s速度和3 (°)/s^2加速度条件下的正弦引导误差最大值为2.636″,稳态误差RMS值为0.673″。实验结果表明,所设计的基于分段弧形永磁同步电机的伺服控制系统能够满足4 m望远镜驱动和跟踪精度的要求,为下一代大口径望远镜控制系统的设计提供了参考。     

机床进给系统用永磁直线电机的设计方法

从永磁直线电机的结构入手,分析了电机几何结构与推力的关系.引入了两极单元直线电机的概念,提出了通过对两极单元直线电机进行组合,来设计任意推力永磁直线电机的设计方法.运用该方法完成了一台推力为3000N的永磁直线电机的设计,并对样机进行了推力与定位力的测试实验,验证了设计方法的可行性.     

A magnetic MEMS actuator using a permanent magnet and magnetic fluid enclosed in a cavity sandwiched by polymer diaphragms

A magnetic microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) actuator using a small permanent neodymium-magnet surrounded by magnetic fluid (MF) was developed and characterized. The magnet is enclosed in a cavity sandwiched by two identical thin PET-sheet diaphragms and is able to move smoothly due to the MF. The diaphragms deflect when an external magnetic force is applied to the magnet. This structure was adopted to prevent the diaphragms from being stiffened by attaching or fabricating a magnetic layer on the diaphragm surface and to secure the necessary volume of magnetic material. The magnets are 2–4 mm in diameter and the cavity is 5 mm in diameter and 1 mm in depth. The diaphragms are 20 μm in thickness. Experiments showed the displacement amplitude generated at the diaphragm center was in the range of 10–50 μm for attractive and repulsive magnetic force when magnetic flux density of 4–30 mT was applied. The response was within about 1 s. The deflection profile of the diaphragms can also be varied by changing the magnet position.     

永磁同步电机在电梯系统中的应用分析

重点介绍了永磁同步电机在电梯驱动系统中引发的重大技术革新与技术优势,通过对永磁同步电动机在智能化、安全化、节能化曳引系统中的作用的分析,说明了永磁同步电动机在技术方面所具备的明显技术优势,指出其在电梯设计和应用中起到的重要现实意义。     

Synchronization controller design of two coupling permanent magnet synchronous motors system with nonlinear constraints

In this paper, two coupling permanent magnet synchronous motors system with nonlinear constraints is studied. First of all, the mathematical model of the system is established according to the engineering practices, in which the dynamic model of motor and the nonlinear coupling effect between two motors are considered. In order to keep the two motors synchronization, a synchronization controller based on load observer is designed via cross-coupling idea and interval matrix. Moreover, speed, position and current signals of two motor all are taken as self-feedback signal as well as cross-feedback signal in the proposed controller, which is conducive to improving the dynamical performance and the synchronization performance of the system. The proposed control strategy is verified by simulation via Matlab/Simulink program. The simulation results show that the proposed control method has a better control performance, especially synchronization performance, than that of the conventional PI controller.     

基于参数预标定的长行程PMLSM无传感器控制

为了解决长行程定子不连续永磁直线同步电机存在的因无法全程安装位置传感器和不同动子和定子之间的电磁参数不固定所造成的控制性能下降的难题,提出一种在每一段定子内先进行参数标定,再进行速度控制的控制系统设计。首先,在动子进入过程中,对电机进行电磁参数标定,根据标定参数对控制器参数进行调整,以达到更好的控制效果。然后,使用无位置传感器控制系统使动子快速达到设定速度值并稳定运行。实验结果表明:动子进入过程参数标定精度分别为0.002Wb和0.000 4H;无位置传感器控制中位置估计精度为0.63mm,速度收敛时间为0.45s,稳态误差为0.02m/s。基本满足永磁直线同步电机用于长行程运输的控制快速性、稳定性等要求。     

永磁机构与真空灭弧室运动特性的匹配分析

弹簧机构与真空灭弧室的运动特性分析,极大地促进了配弹簧机构开关设备的发展.永磁机构已问世多年,尽管具有结构简单、体积小、寿命长等优点,但所配开关设备仍存在许多薄弱环节.永磁机构若要取代弹簧机构还有许多路要走.结合项目研发的实际情况,分析开关设备中永磁机构驱动真空灭弧室的运动特性和先天不足,并对灭弧室所希望的永磁机构运动特性作了简要分析,给出一些设计永磁机构的注意事项.     

盘式永磁电机齿槽转矩的分析与抑制

在对用于油田抽油机的大力矩低速盘式永磁电机的研究过程中,为削弱齿槽效应所引起的转矩波动,采用了一种以有限元电磁场计算为基础的磁极尺寸优化设计方法,确定了采用磁极分段移位法时的最佳位移量,并通过优化分段磁钢的径向尺寸,实现了削弱齿槽转矩的目的。研究结果表明,该设计为大力矩低速盘式永磁电机设计提供了参考依据。     

高速永磁同步电机的转子结构强度分析研究

针对高速永磁同步电机转子结构设计及强度问题,对转子结构形式和永磁体材料的选择、轴径尺寸的确定、护套与永磁体之间的过盈配合、转子强度分析方法等方面进行了研究。开展了护套与永磁体之间过盈量的理论分析,使用解析法建立了转子动态过盈量的计算公式,提出了高速永磁同步电机转子的结构强度校核方法。在理论分析的基础上,利用ANSYS-workbench有限元软件对一台最高转速为7 2000 r/min的10 k W高速永磁同步电机的转子进行了热-结构耦合强度分析计算。研究结果表明,永磁体与护套之间的动态过盈量决定了转子的强度,该电机转子的过盈量最佳值为0.03 mm~0.05 mm,该转子设计合理可靠,可以满足设计要求;该有限元仿真方法能够方便地实现内嵌式转子的结构强度分析,为转子的结构优化设计提供一定的依据。     

轴向磁化永磁微电机磁场分析及设计方法研究

在轴向磁化永磁电机设计中,为研究尺寸效应对其性能的影响,采用有限元方法对这种双转子电机的磁场进行了仿真计算,得出了轴向磁化永磁电机转子的气隙磁密波形分布。分析了转子外形尺寸、充磁极数、磁体厚度和气隙长度对气隙磁密的影响,即随着气隙长度的增加,充磁极数多的其气隙磁密幅值的减小幅度大于充磁极数少的;随着磁体厚度的增加,气隙磁密为一上升曲线,当磁体厚度达到某一点时,气隙磁密幅值基本为一常数;减小转子直径时,随着磁体厚度的降低,平均半径处气隙磁密幅值的减小幅度越来越不明显,但为不使气隙磁密波形变形严重,永磁转子径向长度需至少大于1.5 mm。磁场分析结果可对该类电机微小型化过程中的设计起指导作用。对计算结果做了理论分析,并将计算结果和实验结果进行了比较,计算值和实测值基本一致。     

Design method and magnetic field analysis of axial-magnetized permanent magnet micromotor

To investigate the impact of size on its performance in designing an axial-magnetized permanent magnet micromotor, the finite element method is adopted to simulate the magnetic field of the dual rotor motor, and the flux density wave form distributed in the airgap is obtained. The influence of the external dimensions, pole numbers and magnet thicknesses of the rotor, and the airgap distances on the flux density, are analyzed and analytical results are given. With the increase of the airgap distance, the flux density under more poles reduces more quickly than under fewer poles. With the increase of the magnet thickness, the flux density is a rising curve, and after the magnet thickness attains a certain point, the flux density is almost a constant. While reducing the diameter of the rotor, the decrease of the flux density slows down as magnet thickness is reduced. To avoid having a seriously distorted waveform, the distance between inner and outer radii of the rotor must be larger than 1.5 millimeter. Results of the magnetic field analysis can guide a microminiaturization of the motor. Moreover, the results are analyzed theoretically and the simulated values are almost consistent with the experimental values. __________ Translated from Optics and Precision Engineering, 2006, 14(1): 83–88 [译自: 光学精密工程]     

盘式永磁电机的分数槽绕组齿槽转矩分析

由齿槽转矩造成的推力波动是影响盘式永磁电机运行性能的一个重要因素.为削弱齿槽转矩,采用基于能量法和傅里叶分解的解析分析方法推导出了齿槽转矩解析表达式,在此基础上研究了分数槽绕组对齿槽转矩的削弱作用,结合定子槽口宽度对齿槽转矩的影响,提出了减少盘式永磁电机齿槽转矩的优化方案,并利用有限元法对此优化方案进行了仿真分析和验证.研究结果证明,采用分数槽绕组和槽口优化相结合的方法能有效地削弱盘式电机的齿槽转矩.